Omele i-US ku-UN uRobert Wood uphakamisa isandla sakhe ukuze aphikisane nesinqumo somkhandlu wezokuphepha esicela ukuthi iGaza imiswe. Ikhredithi yesithombe: Charly Triballeau/AFP
NguMedea Benjamin noNicolas JS Davies, World BEYOND War, Disemba 13, 2023
NgoLwesihlanu, ngoDisemba 8, i-UN UMkhandlu wezokuPhepha yahlangana ngaphansi kwe-Article 99 okwesine kuphela emlandweni we-UN. Isigaba 99 siwumbandela ophuthumayo ovumela uNobhala Jikelele ukuthi abize uMkhandlu ukuze uphendule enkingeni “esongela ukugcinwa kokuthula nokuvikeleka kwamazwe ngamazwe.” Izikhathi ezedlule kwaba ukuhlasela kweBelgian eCongo ngo-1960, inkinga yokuthunjwa kweNxusa laseMelika e-Iran ngo-1979 kanye neMpi Yombango yaseLebanon ngo-1989.
Unobhala Jikelele u-Antonio Guterres utshele UMkhandlu Wezokuphepha owasebenzisa iSigaba 99 sokuthi ufune “ukumiswa ngokushesha” eGaza ngoba “sisesimweni esibucayi,” “sekungcupheni enkulu yokuwa ngokuphelele kohlelo lokusiza abantu eGaza.” I-United Arab Emirates yabhala isinqumo sokuyeka ukulwa esithole ngokushesha abaxhasi abangama-97.
IWorld Food Programme ibike ukuthi iGaza isemaphethelweni obunzima indlala, nabantu abayisi-9 kwabayi-10 abachitha izinsuku zonke bengenakho ukudla. Ezinsukwini ezimbili ngaphambi kokuthi uGuterres asebenzise i-Article 99, iRafah bekukuphela kwezifunda ezinhlanu zaseGaza lapho i-UN yayingaletha noma yiluphi usizo nhlobo.
UNobhala Jikelele ugcizelele ukuthi “Unya olwenziwa yi-Hamas angeke neze sithethelele isijeziso esihlangene sabantu basePalestine… Umthetho wobuntu wamazwe ngamazwe awukwazi ukusetshenziswa ngokukhetha. Kubophezela wonke amaqembu ngokulinganayo ngaso sonke isikhathi, futhi isibopho sokuwugcina asincikile ekufaneni.”
UMnu. Guterres uphethe ngokuthi, “Abantu baseGaza babheke kwalasha… Amehlo omhlaba – kanye namehlo omlando – abukele. Sekuyisikhathi sokuthatha isinyathelo.”
Amalungu e-UN alethe izicelo ezicacile, ezihehayo zokuthi kuqedwe ukulwa ngokushesha okwafunwa yisinqumo, futhi uMkhandlu wavotela abayishumi nantathu kweyodwa, i-UK yagodla, ukuthi ivume lesi sinqumo. Kodwa ivoti elilodwa elimelene ne-United States, elinye lamalungu amahlanu agcwele i-veto e-Security Council, lasibulala isinqumo, lashiya uMkhandlu ungenamandla okwenza njengoba uNobhala Jikelele exwayise ukuthi kufanele.
Lona bekuwukuvota kweshumi nesithupha koMkhandlu Wezokuphepha wase-US kusukela ngo-2000 - futhi eziyishumi nane zalezo Veto bekumele kuvikelwe u-Israyeli kanye/noma inqubomgomo yase-US ku-Israel nePalestine esenzweni samazwe ngamazwe noma ekuziphenduleleni. Ngenkathi iRussia neChina bevotele izinqumo ezindabeni ezahlukahlukene emhlabeni jikelele, kusukela eMyanmar kuye eVenezuela, akukho ukufana nokusebenzisa kwe-US ngendlela engavamile i-veto yayo ngokuyinhloko ukunikeza ukungajeziswa okukhethekile ngaphansi komthetho wamazwe ngamazwe kwelinye izwe.
Imiphumela yale veto ngeke ibe mibi kakhulu. Njengoba iNxusa leNxusa le-UN yaseBrazil uSérgio França Danese etshele uMkhandlu, ukube i-US ibingasiphikisanga isinqumo sangaphambilini esabhalwa yiBrazil ngo-Okthoba 18, “izinkulungwane zabantu ngabe zisindisiwe.” Futhi njengoba ummeleli wase-Indonesia abuza, “Bangaki abanye okumelwe bafe ngaphambi kokuba kumiswe lokhu kuhlasela okungapheli? 20,000? 50,000? 100,000?”
Kulandela i-veto yangaphambilini yase-US yokuyeka ukulwa eMkhandlwini Wezokuphepha, i-UN General Assembly yathatha isimemo somhlaba wonke sokuthi kuqedwe ukulwa, kanye nesinqumo, esixhaswe nguJordani, idlulile ngamavoti angu-120 kwayi-14, angu-45 angazange avote. Amazwe amancane ayi-12 avotele ne-United States kanye ne-Israel abemele abantu abangaphansi kwe-1% emhlabeni.
Isikhundla esizimele lapho i-United States yazithola ikuso bekufanele kube wucingo oluvusa amadlingozi, ikakhulukazi eza ngesonto ngemuva kokuvota kwe-Data For Progress ithole ukuthi ama-66% abantu baseMelika. kusekelwe ukumiswa komlilo, ngenkathi inhlolovo kaMariiv ithola lokho 29% kuphela ama-Israyeli asekela ukuhlasela komhlaba kwaseGaza.
Ngemva kokuba i-United States iphinde yashaya umnyango woMkhandlu Wezokuphepha ebusweni bePalestine ngoDisemba 8, isidingo esikhulu sokuqeda isibhicongo saseGaza sabuyela ku-UN General Assembly ngoDisemba 12. kugunyazwe ngevoti le-153 kuya kwayi-10, ngamavoti angu-yebo angama-33 ngaphezu kwalelo lango-Okthoba. Nakuba izinqumo ze-General Assembly zingabophi, zinesisindo sezombusazwe, futhi lesi sithumela umlayezo ocacile wokuthi umphakathi wamazwe ngamazwe unengekile ngenxa yokubulawa kwabantu eGaza.
Elinye ithuluzi elinamandla umhlaba ongalisebenzisa ukuzama ukuphoqa ukuthi kuqedwe lesi sibhicongo yi Umhlangano Wokuqothulwa Kwesizwe, okugunyazwe yi-Israel ne-United States. Kudingeka izwe elilodwa kuphela ukuletha icala eNkantolo Yobulungisa Yamazwe Ngamazwe (ICJ) ngaphansi kweSivumelwano, futhi, nakuba amacala eqhubeka iminyaka, i-ICJ ingathatha izinyathelo zokuqala zokuvikela izisulu okwamanje.
NgoJanuwari 23, 2020, iNkantolo yenza kanjalo impela lokho ecaleni elifakwe iGambia ngokumelene neMyanmar, isola ukubulawa kwabantu abambalwa bayo abangamaRohingya. Emkhankasweni ononya wezempi ngasekupheleni kuka-2017, iMyanmar yabulala amashumi ezinkulungwane zamaRohingya futhi yashisa inqwaba yamadolobhana. AmaRohingya angu-740,000 600,000 abalekela eBangladesh, futhi umkhankaso wokuthola amaqiniso owawusekelwa yi-UN wathola ukuthi abangu-XNUMX XNUMX abasala eMyanmar “bangase babhekane nosongo olukhulu lokuqothulwa kohlanga kunanini ngaphambili.”
I-China ivimbele ukudluliselwa eNkantolo Yobugebengu Yamazwe Ngamazwe (ICC) eMkhandlwini Wezokuphepha, ngakho iGambia, nayo eyalulama eminyakeni engu-20 yengcindezelo ngaphansi kombuso wobushiqela ononya, yafaka icala ku-ICJ ngaphansi kwe-Genocide Convention.
Lokho kwavula umnyango wesinqumo esivunyelwe ngamajaji angu-17 e-ICJ sokuthi iMyanmar kumele ivimbele ukuqothulwa kohlanga kumaRohingya, njengoba kwakudingeka i-Genocide Convention. I-ICJ ikhiphe leso sinqumo njengesinyathelo sokuvimbela, okulingana nomyalelo wokuqala wenkantolo yasekhaya, nakuba isinqumo sayo sokugcina mayelana nokufaneleka kwecala singase sisele iminyaka eminingi. Iphinde yayalela iMyanmar ukuthi ifake umbiko eNkantolo njalo ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha ukuze icacise ukuthi ivikela kanjani amaRohingya, okukhomba ukuthi kuqhubeka ukucutshungulwa okuqhubekayo kokuziphatha kweMyanmar.
Ngabe yiliphi izwe elizosukuma livule icala le-ICJ ngokumelene no-Israel ngaphansi kwe-Genocide Convention? Izishoshovu sezikudingida lokho namazwe amaningana. I-RootsAction kanye World BEYOND War udale i isexwayiso sesenzo ongayisebenzisa ukuze uthumele imilayezo kwabangu-10 okungenzeka kakhulu (iNingizimu Afrika, i-Chile, i-Colombia, i-Jordan, i-Ireland, i-Belize, i-Turkïye, i-Bolivia, i-Honduras ne-Brazil).
Kube khona futhi ukwanda kwengcindezi nge-International Criminal Court ukuthi ibambe icala elibhekene no-Israel. I-ICC iye yashesha ukuphenya iHamas ngamacala ezimpi, kodwa isihudula izinyawo ekuphenyeni i-Israel. Ngemuva kokuvakasha kwakamuva kulesi sifunda, umshushisi we-ICC uKarim Khan akazange avunyelwe yi-Israel ukuthi angene eGaza, futhi wagxekwa amaPalestine ngokuvakashela izindawo ezihlaselwe iHamas ngo-Okthoba 7, kodwa akazange avakashele amakhulukhulu ezindawo zokuhlala zakwa-Israel ezingekho emthethweni, izindawo zokuhlola kanye nababaleki. amakamu eWest Bank edlalwe.
Kodwa-ke, inqobo nje uma umhlaba ubhekene nokuhlukunyezwa okudabukisayo nokuwohlozayo kwe-United States kwezikhungo, umhlaba wonke uncike ekuphoqeleleni umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe, izenzo zezomnotho nezokusebenzelana zamazwe ngamanye zingaba nomthelela omkhulu kunezinkulumo zabo eNew York. .
Yize ngokomlando kube namazwe acishe abe ngamashumi amabili angazange ayibone i-Israel, ezinyangeni ezimbili ezedlule, iBelize neBolivia abunqamule ubudlelwano ne-Israel, kanti amanye—iBahrain, iChad, iChile, iColombia, iHonduras, iJordan kanye neTurkey. ahoxise amanxusa abo.
Amanye amazwe azama ukwenza ngazo zombili izindlela-ukulahla u-Israyeli esidlangalaleni kodwa agcine izintshisekelo zawo zezomnotho. Emkhandlwini Wezokuphepha we-UN, e-Egypt ngokucacile usole i-Israel ngokuqothulwa kohlanga kanye ne-US ngokuvimbela ukumiswa kwezikhali.
Futhi nokho ubudlelwano obunesikhathi eside beGibhithe ne-Israel ekuvinjweni kweGaza kanye nendima yayo eqhubekayo, ngisho nanamuhla, ekuvimbeleni ukungena kosizo lwesintu eGaza ngokuwela imingcele yayo, kuyenza ibe nesandla ekuqothulweni kohlanga elikugxekayo. Uma isho lokho elikushoyo, kufanele ivule ukuwela imingcele yayo kulo lonke usizo lokusiza abantu oludingekayo, iqede ukubambisana kwayo nokuvinjwa kwe-Israel futhi ibuyekeze kabusha ubudlelwano bayo obushaqisayo nobusebucayini ne-Israel kanye ne-United States.
IQatar, esebenze kanzima ukuxoxisana ne-Israeli ukuthi kuqedwe ukudubulana eGaza, yakhuluma igwegwe ekugxekeni kwayo ukubulawa kwabantu bakwa-Israel eMkhandlwini wezokuPhepha. Kepha iQatar ibikhulumela iGulf Cooperation Council, ehlanganisa iSaudi Arabia, Bahrain kanye ne-United Arab Emirates (UAE). Ngaphansi kwalokho okubizwa ngezivumelwano zika-Abraham, oSheikh baseBahrain kanye ne-UAE bafulathele iPalestine ukuthi basayine ubudlelwano obunobuthi bokusebenzelana kwezentengiselwano kanye nekhulu lezigidi zamadola. izivumelwano zezikhali no-Israyeli.
E-New York, i-UAE ixhase isinqumo sakamuva soMkhandlu Wezokuphepha esihlulekile, kanye nommeleli wayo limenyezelwe, “Uhlelo lwamazwe ngamazwe luya onqenqemeni. Kulezi zimpawu zempi ezingase zilunge, ukuthi ukuhambisana nomthetho wobuntu wamazwe ngamazwe kuncike ekutheni ungubani isisulu kanye nomenzi wobubi.”
Futhi nokho i-UAE noma i-Bahrain ayikadeli izivumelwano zabo zika-Abraham no-Israyeli, noma izindima zabo e-US "zingase zilungise" izinqubomgomo ezidale umonakalo eMpumalanga Ephakathi amashumi eminyaka. Abasebenzi abangaphezu kwenkulungwane base-US Air Force kanye nenqwaba yezindiza zempi zase-US zisazinze e-Al-Dhafra Airbase e-Abu Dhabi, kanti iManama e-Bahrain, i-US Navy esetshenziswe njengesisekelo kusukela ngo-1941, isalokhu iyindlunkulu ye-US Fifth Fleet. .
Ochwepheshe abaningi bayaqhathanisa u-Israyeli wobandlululo kuhulumeni wobandlululo eNingizimu Afrika. Izinkulumo ze-UN kungenzeka zasiza ukuwisa umbuso wobandlululo waseNingizimu Afrika, kodwa uguquko aluzange lube khona kwaze kwaba yilapho amazwe omhlaba emukela umkhankaso womhlaba wonke wokuwuhlukanisa ngokwezomnotho nangokwepolitiki.
Isizathu sokuthi abalandeli baka-Israyeli abaqinile e-United States bazame ukuvala, noma ngisho nokwenza icala, umkhankaso wokuBoycott, Divestment and Sanctions (BDS) akukhona ukuthi awukho emthethweni noma uphikisana nama-semitic. Kungenxa yokuthi ukuduba, ukujezisa kanye nokuqhela kwa-Israyeli kungase kube isu elisebenzayo lokusiza ukwehlisa umbuso wayo wokuqothula uhlanga, ukunwebeka kanye nokungaphenduli.
Omunye Omele I-US ku-UN uRobert Wood utshele UMkhandlu Wezokuphepha ukuthi kukhona "ukunqanyulwa okuyisisekelo phakathi kwezingxoxo ebesinazo kuleli gumbi kanye namaqiniso akhona" eGaza, okusho ukuthi imibono yakwa-Israel ne-US kuphela mayelana nokungqubuzana okufanele ithathwe ngokungathi sína.
Kepha ukunqanyulwa kwangempela komsuka wale nkinga yileyo ephakathi kwezwe elizimele lezepolitiki laseMelika kanye nelakwa-Israel kanye nomhlaba wangempela okhala ngokuthi kuqedwe ukudubula kanye nobulungiswa kubantu basePalestine.
Ngenkathi i-Israel, namabhomu ase-US namagobolondo e-Howitzer, ibulala futhi ikhubaza izinkulungwane zabantu abangenacala, umhlaba wonke ushaqekile ngalokhu. amacala okulwa nobuntu. Umsindo waphansi wokuqeda lesi sibhicongo uyaqhubeka ukhula, kodwa abaholi bomhlaba kumele badlulele ngalé kwamavoti angabopheli kanye nophenyo ukuze badube imikhiqizo yakwa-Israel, babeke imingcele ekuthengisweni kwezikhali, baphule ubudlelwano bezokusebenzelana nezinye izindlela ezizokwenza u-Israyeli abe izwe elibusayo emhlabeni. esiteji.
UMedea Benjamin noNicolas JS Davies bangababhali be Impi e-Ukraine: Ukwenza Umuzwa Wengxabano Engenangqondo, eshicilelwe yi-OR Books ngoNovemba 2022.
UMedea Benjamin ungumsunguli we CODEPINK for Ukuthula, kanye nombhali wezincwadi eziningana, kuhlanganise Ngaphakathi kwe-Iran: Umlando Weqiniso Nezombangazwe YeRiphabhulikhi Yase-Islamic yase-Iran.
