nguJohn LaForge, I-Counterpunch, Ngo-September 20, i-2020
Umthombo wesithombe: antony_mayfield - CC BY 2.0
Sidinga inkulumompikiswano yomphakathi ebanzi ... mayelana nomqondo kanye nombhedo wokuvinjelwa kwezikhali zenuzi.-URolf Mutzenich, umholi weqembu laseJalimane leDemocratic Party
Ukugxekwa emphakathini ngezikhali zenuzi zase-US ezabekwa eJalimane kwaqhamuka kwaba yingxoxo enamandla ezweni lonke kule ntwasahlobo nasehlobo edlule kugxile ohlelweni oluyimpikiswano olwaziwa ngokuthi "ukwabelwana ngenuzi" noma "ukubamba iqhaza enuzi."
URoland Hipp, umqondisi ophethe weGreenpeace Germany, wabhala: “Okwamanje isiphetho salokhu kuhlanganyela kwezikhali zenuzi kuxoxwa ngaso ngokujulile njengoba kwakunjalo, esikhathini esingengakanani edlule, ukuphuma emandleni enuzi,” kubhala uRoland Hipp, umqondisi ophethe weGreenpeace Germany, esihlokweni sangoJune sephephandaba i-Welt.
Amabhomu enuzi angama-20 ase-US abekwe eBüchel Air Base yaseJalimane asengathandwa kakhulu, kangangokuthi osopolitiki abakhulu nabaholi bezenkolo bajoyine izinhlangano ezimelene nezimpi befuna ukuxoshwa kwazo futhi bathembise ukwenza izikhali zibe indaba yokukhankasa okhethweni lukazwelonke lwangonyaka ozayo.
Inkulumompikiswano yanamuhla yomphakathi eJalimane kungenzeka ukuthi igqugquzelwe yiPhalamende laseBelgium, okwathi ngoJanuwari 16 lasondela ekuxosheni izikhali zase-US ezazibekwe esikhumulweni sezindiza i-Kleine Brogel. Ngevoti lama-74 kuye kwangama-66, amalungu awazange ahluleke nakancane isinyathelo esasiqondise uhulumeni “ukuba enze, ngokushesha okukhulu, umgwaqo ohlose ukuhoxiswa kwezikhali zenuzi endaweni yaseBelgian.” Le nkulumompikiswano iza ngemuva kokuthi ikomidi lezindaba zangaphandle ephalamende lamukele isiphakamiso sokuthi izikhali zisuswe eBelgium, kanye nokuthi izwe ligunyazwe iSivumelwano Samazwe Ngamazwe Sokuvinjelwa Kwezikhali Zenuzi.
Kungenzeka ukuthi abenzi bomthetho baseBelgium bacelwa ukuthi bacabange kabusha “ukwabelana ngenuzi” kukahulumeni, lapho ngoFebhuwari 20, 2019 amalungu amathathu ePhalamende laseYurophu eboshwa esikhungweni saseBelgium iKleine Brogel, ngemuva kokuthi eqe uthango ngesibindi aphatha isibhengezo ngqo emgwaqweni wezindiza.
I-Replacement Fighter Jets Isethelwe Ukuthwala Amabhomu ase-US
Emuva eJalimane, ungqongqoshe wezokuvikela u-Annegret Kramp-Karrenbauer wasusa umsindo ngo-Ephreli 19 ngemuva kombiko we-Der Spiegel uthe uthumele i-imeyili umphathi wePentagon uMark Esper ethi iJalimane ihlela ukuthenga ama-45 Boeing Corporation F-18 Super Hornets. Ukuphawula kwakhe kudale ukukhala kweBundestag kanti ungqongqoshe wasiphikisa isimangalo sakhe, etshela izintatheli ngo-Ephreli 22, "Asikho isinqumo esithathiwe (iziphi izindiza ezizokhethwa) futhi, noma kunjalo, ungqongqoshe awukwazi ukuthatha leso sinqumo - kuphela. iphalamende lingakwazi.”
Ezinsukwini eziyisishiyagalolunye kamuva, engxoxweni ne-Tagesspiegel yansuku zonke eyanyatheliswa ngoMeyi 3, u-Rolf Mützenich, umholi wasePhalamende waseJalimane we-Social Democratic Party's (SPD) - ilungu lomfelandawonye ophethe u-Angela Merkel - wagxeka ngokusobala.
"Izikhali zenuzi endaweni yaseJalimane azikhulisi ukuphepha kwethu, ngokuphambene nalokho," ziyakubukela phansi, futhi kufanele zisuswe, kusho uMützenich, wengeza ngokuthi wayephikisana nakho kokubili "ukwandisa ukubamba iqhaza kwezikhali zenuzi" kanye "nokuthatha indawo yezikhali zenuzi zase-US ezinobuqili. egcinwe eBüchel nezikhali zenuzi ezintsha.”
Ukukhuluma kukaMützenich ngezinhloko zempi “ezintsha” kubhekiselwa ekwakhiweni kwe-US kwamakhulu amabhomu enuzi “aqondiswa” okokuqala ngqa—ama-B61-12s”—azolethwa ezifundazweni ezinhlanu ze-NATO eminyakeni ezayo, esikhundleni se Ama-B61-3s, 4s, kanye nama-11 kubikwa ukuthi ase-Europe manje.
Usekela-mongameli we-SPD uNorbert Walter-Borjähn washesha wavumelana nesitatimende sikaMützenich, evuma ukuthi amabhomu ase-US kufanele ahoxiswe, futhi bobabili bagxekwa ngokushesha nguNgqongqoshe Wezangaphandle u-Heiko Mass, osomaqhinga base-US eYurophu, kanye noNobhala Jikelele we-NATO uJens Stoltenberg ngokuqondile.
Elindele ukuhlehla, uMützenich ushicilele ukuvikela okuningiliziwe kwesikhundla sakhe ngoMeyi 7 ku-Journal for International Politics and Society, [1] lapho abiza khona "inkulumo-mpikiswano mayelana nekusasa lokwabelana ngezikhali zenuzi kanye nombuzo wokuthi ngabe izikhali zenuzi zase-US zimile. eJalimane naseYurophu andisa izinga lokuphepha eJalimane naseYurophu, noma mhlawumbe asebesasetshenziswa manje ngokombono wenqubomgomo yezempi nezokuphepha.”
"Sidinga impikiswano yomphakathi ebanzi ... mayelana nomuzwa kanye nombhedo wokuvinjelwa kwezikhali zenuzi," kubhala uMützenich.
UStoltenberg we-NATO washeshe wabhala incwadi yokuphikisa i-Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung yangoMeyi 11, esebenzisa izintambo ezineminyaka engu-50 mayelana “nobudlova baseRussia” futhi ethi ukwabelana ngenuzi kusho “abalingani, njengeJalimane, benza izinqumo ezihlanganyelwe ngenqubomgomo yenuzi nokuhlela ..., futhi “ inikeza abalingani izwi ezindabeni zenuzi abebengeke babe nazo."
Lokhu akulona iqiniso neze, njengoba uMutzenich akucacisa ephepheni lakhe, ekubiza ngokuthi “inganekwane” yokuthi isu le-Pentagon yenuzi lithonywa abalingani base-US. “Awukho umthelela noma izwi lamazwe angewona awenuclear esu lenuzi ngisho nasekusetshenzisweni okungenzeka [kwezikhali] zenuzi. Lokhu akusona isifiso esinesikhathi eside sabangcwele,” ebhala.
Iningi lokuhlaselwa komholi we-SPF kuzwakale njengokufana nalokhu okwangoMeyi 14 owayevela ngaleso sikhathi iNxusa laseMelika eJalimane uRichard Grenell, umshicileli wakhe ephephandabeni uDe Welt wanxusa iJalimane ukuthi igcine i-US "ivimbela" futhi wathi ukuhoxisa amabhomu kuzoba yisenzo esibi. "Ukukhaphela" kwezibopho ze-NATO zaseBerlin.
Ngemuva kwalokho iNxusa laseMelika ePoland uGeorgette Mosbacher wajikeleza ngeposi le-Twitter langoMeyi 15, ebhala ukuthi "uma iJalimane ifuna ukunciphisa amandla ayo okwabelana ngezikhali zenuzi ..., mhlawumbe iPoland, eyenza ngokwethembeka izibopho zayo ... Isiphakamiso sikaMosbacher sahlekwa usulu njengesandulela ngculazi ngoba iSivumelwano Sokungavikeleki siyakwenqabela ukudluliswa kwezikhali zenuzi, futhi ngoba ukumiswa kwamabhomu enuzi ase-US emngceleni waseRussia kungaba ukucasulwa okuyingozi.
Izizwe ze-NATO "zokwabelana ngezikhali zenuzi" azinazwi ekulahleni amabhomu e-US e-H
Ngomhla zingama-30 kuNhlaba, iNational Security Archive eWashington, DC, yaqinisekisa isikhundla sikaMützenich futhi yaqamba amanga ekubhujisweni kuka-Stoltenberg, yakhipha imemo eyayikade “iyimfihlo ephezulu” yoMnyango Wezwe eqinisekisa ukuthi i-US iyodwa izothatha isinqumo sokuthi izisebenzise yini izikhali zenuzi ezinze eHolland. , Germany, Italy, Turkey and Belgium.
Ukuhlazeka kokuziphatha nokuziphatha kwezikhali zenuzi eBüchel kusanda kuvela kubaholi besonto abasezikhundleni eziphezulu. Esifundeni esigxile kwezenkolo eRhineland-Pfalz esikhumulweni sezindiza, ababhishobhi sebeqalile ukufuna ukuthi kuhoxiswe amabhomu. Umbhishobhi wamaKhatholika uStephan Ackermann waseTrier wakhuluma ngokuqedwa kwezikhali zenuzi eduze nesizinda ngo-2017; Oqokwe Ukuthula weBandla lamaLuthela eJalimane, uRenke Brahms, wakhuluma nombuthano omkhulu wokubhikisha lapho ngo-2018; Umbhishobhi wamaLuthela uMargo Kassmann wethula inkulumo embuthanweni wokuthula webandla waminyaka yonke owawulapho ngoJulayi 2019; futhi ngalolu suku lwango-August 6, uMbhishobhi WamaKatolika uPeter Kohlgraf, ohola iqembu laseJalimane i-Pax Christi, wakhuthaza ukuchithwa kwezikhali zenuzi edolobheni eliseduze laseMainz.
Uphethiloli othe xaxa uvuse ingxoxo esezingeni eliphezulu ngezikhali zenuzi ngokushicilelwa kukaJuni 20 kwe-Open Letter eya kubashayeli bezindiza baseJalimane baseBüchel, esayinwe abantu abayi-127 nezinhlangano eziyi-18, ibacela ukuthi "bayeke ukubandakanyeka ngqo" ekuqeqesheni kwabo impi yenuzi, futhi ebakhumbuza ukuthi “Imiyalo engekho emthethweni ayinakunikwa noma ilalelwe.”
"Isikhalazo kubashayeli bezindiza be-Tornado be-Tactical Air Force Wing 33 endaweni yebhomu lenuzi yase-Büchel ukuba benqabe ukubamba iqhaza ekwabelaneni ngenuzi" sihlanganisa ingxenye yekhasi lephephandaba lesifunda i-Rhein-Zeitung, elizinze e-Koblenz.
Isikhalazo, esisekelwe ezivumelwaneni zamazwe ngamazwe ezibophayo ezenqabela ukuhlelwa kwezempi kokucekela phansi abantu abaningi, ngaphambilini besithunyelwe kuColonel Thomas Schneider, umkhuzi wophiko lwabashayeli bezindiza be-33rd Tactical Air Force base base Büchel.
Isikhalazo sinxuse abashayeli bezindiza ukuthi benqabe imiyalo engekho emthethweni futhi bayeke: “[T] ukusebenzisa izikhali zenuzi akukho emthethweni ngaphansi komthetho wamazwe ngamazwe kanye nomthethosisekelo. Lokhu futhi kwenza ukubanjwa kwamabhomu enuzi kanye nawo wonke amalungiselelo asekelayo okuthi kungenzeka asetshenziswe kube ngekho emthethweni. Imiyalo engekho emthethweni angeke inikezwe noma ilalelwe. Siyakunxusa ukuba umemezele kubaphathi bakho ukuthi awusafuni ukubamba iqhaza ekusekeleni ukwabelana ngezikhali zenuzi ngenxa yezizathu zikanembeza.”
I-Greepeace Germany inyuse ibhaluni yomlayezo ngaphandle nje kwesizinda samasosha asemoyeni e-Büchel eJalimane (esithombeni esingemuva), ijoyina umkhankaso wokuxosha izikhali zenuzi zase-US ezimi lapho.
U-Roland Hipp, umqondisi-kanye weGreenpeace Germany, kwethi “Indlela iJalimane ezenza ngayo ilitshe lokuhlasela kwenuzi” eshicilelwe ngo-Welt June 26, waphawula ukuthi ukungenzi ukusetshenziswa kwezikhali zenuzi kuwumthetho hhayi okuhlukile ku-NATO. "Sekuvele kukhona [amazwe angama-25 kwangu-30] ngaphakathi kwe-NATO angenazo izikhali zenuzi zase-US futhi angahlanganyeli ekubambeni iqhaza kwezikhali zenuzi," kubhala uHipp.
NgoJulayi, ingxenye yenkulumo-mpikiswano yayigxile ezindlekweni ezinkulu zezezimali zokushintsha izilwi zendiza yaseJalimane iTornado ngokuthwala amabhomu e-H amasha esikhathini sezinkinga eziningi zomhlaba.
UDkt. Angelika Claussen, udokotela wezengqondo oyiphini likamongameli we-International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War, wabhala eposini langoJulayi 6 ukuthi “[Ukwakhiwa] okukhulu kwezempi ngezikhathi zobhubhane lwe-coronavirus kubonwa njengehlazo ngabaseJalimane. umphakathi … Ukuthenga amabhomu enuzi angu-45 e-F-18 kusho ukuchitha [cishe] ama-Euro ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-7.5. Ngale mali umuntu angakhokha odokotela abangama-25,000 nabahlengikazi abangama-60,000 ngonyaka, imibhede yabagula kakhulu eyi-100,000 kanye nama-ventilators angama-30,000. ”
Izibalo zikaDkt. Claussen zaqinisekiswa umbiko wangomhla zingama-29 kuJulayi ka-Otfried Nassauer kanye no-Ulrich Scholz, abahlaziyi bezempi neBerlin Information Center for Transatlantic Security. Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi izindleko zezindiza zempi ze-45 F-18 ezivela enkampanini yezikhali zase-US i-Boeing Corp. zingaba "okungenani" phakathi kwe-7.67 ne-8.77 billion yama-Euro, noma phakathi kwe-$ 9 ne-$ 10.4 yezigidigidi-noma cishe amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-222 lilinye.
Inkokhelo yaseJalimane engaba amabhiliyoni ayi-10 ku-Boeing ngama-F-18s iyitsheri umzuzi wezempi afuna ukuyikhetha. Ungqongqoshe Wezokuvikela waseJalimane uKramp-Karrenbauer uthe uhulumeni wakhe uhlose nokuthenga ama-Eurofighters angama-93, enziwe i-Airbus yamazwe ngamazwe azinze eFrance, ngenani elilinganayo lama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-9.85 - amaRandi ayizigidi eziyi-111 lilinye - konke ukuze esikhundleni seTornadoes ngo-2030.
Ngo-Agasti, umholi we-SPD uMützenich wathembisa ukwenza "ukwabelana" kwezikhali zenuzi zaseMelika kube udaba lokhetho lwango-2021, etshela i-Suddeutsche Zeitung yansuku zonke, "Nginesiqiniseko esiqinile sokuthi uma sibuza lo mbuzo ohlelweni lokhetho, impendulo isobala ... . [Sizoqhubeka nalolu hlelo ngonyaka ozayo.”
