I-United States kanye nabalingani bayo base-Europe baqale izimpi eMpumalanga Ephakathi ezidale inkinga enkulu yababaleki. Izizwe ezifanayo zisongela iRussia. Umbuzo wokugcina ukuthula ne-Iran usechosheni lolimi lwawo wonke umuntu. Ngisho nase-Asia nasePacific, ingasaphathwa e-Afrika, ukwakhiwa kwezempi okukhulu yi-United States.
Pho kungani iJapan, kuzo zonke izindawo, inemigwaqo egcwele imibhikisho emelene nempi okokuqala ngqa selokhu kwaba nempi yase-US eVietnam? Angiqondile imibhikisho evamile e-Okinawa yezisekelo zase-US. Ngiqonde imibhikisho yaseJapan kahulumeni waseJapan. Kungani? Ngubani owaqhunyiswa yiJapan? Futhi kungani ngithi ikusasa lempi nokuthula emhlabeni lisengozini eJapane?
Ake sisekele kancane. I-Japan yadlula enkathini yokuthula nokuchuma okulinganiselwe phakathi kuka-1614 no-1853. Amasosha ase-US aphoqa iJapane ukuthi ivuleleke ukuze ihwebe futhi yaqeqesha iJapane njengomlingane omncane ku-imperialism, indaba exoxwa kahle UJames Bradley I-Imperial Cruise. Uzakwethu omncane ukhethe ukungahlali enguzakwethu omncane, ephonsela inselelo ukubusa kwe-US eMpini Yezwe II.
Ekupheleni kweMpi Yezwe II, abahluliwe empini eJapane naseJalimane baquliswa icala ngesenzo esasisemthethweni ngokuphelele kwaze kwaba ngu-1928, isenzo sokwenza impi. Ngo-1928, inhlangano yokuthula emhlabeni wonke, eholwa yinhlangano yase-US ye-Outlawry of War, yakha i-Kellogg-Briand Pact, isivumelwano esivimbela yonke impi, isivumelwano amazwe amaningi omhlaba ahlanganyela kuso namuhla. Lena indaba engiyixoxa encwadini yami Lapho iMpi Yezwe Ephuliwe. UMongameli Franklin Roosevelt wasebenzisa i-Kellogg-Briand Pact ukudala ukushushiswa kwempi.
Manje, impumelelo ejwayelekile kuze kube manje kanye nasesikhathini esizayo se-Kellogg-Briand Pact kungaxoxwa ngayo. Ivimbele izimpi, icwasa, yenza impi yaba ubugebengu obungashushiswa enkantolo (okungenani kwabahluliwe), kanti neMpi Yezwe Yesithathu ayikenzeki. Kodwa izimpi zezizwe ezicebile ezilwa nabampofu ziqhubekela phambili. Isivumelwano ngokwaso sasingakaze silindeleke ukuthi siqede impi sisodwa, izinga okungekho muntu oke abambe lona omunye umthetho.
The IsiJapane impumelelo ye-Kellogg-Briand Pact iwudaba oluhlukile. Ekupheleni kweMpi Yezwe II, isishoshovu sesikhathi eside saseJapan kanye nesishoshovu sokuthula kanye nondunankulu omusha uKijuro Shidehara wacela uGeneral Douglas MacArthur ukuthi akhiphe impi kumthethosisekelo omusha waseJapan. Umphumela waba Isigaba Sesishiyagalolunye Somthethosisekelo WaseJapane, amagama aso acishe afane nalawo e-Kellogg-Briand Pact.
IJapane, eyase iphele amakhulu eminyaka ingenayo impi, yayizohamba eminye iminyaka engu-70. I-US Outlawrist of the 1920s ayizange icabange ukuthi umsebenzi wabo ubekwa esizweni esinqotshiwe ngujenene obusayo. Kodwa bangase bacabange ukuthi ithathwe abantu baseJapane. Uma i-Article Nine yayingeyona eyakhe ngokucacile abantu baseJapane ngokwabo ngo-1947, kwakungo-1950. Ngalowo nyaka, i-United States yacela iJapane ukuthi ikhiphe i-Article Nine futhi ijoyine impi entsha ngokumelene neNyakatho Korea. IJapane yenqaba.
Lapho iMpi YaseMelika (eVietnam) iqala, i-United States yenza isicelo esifanayo saseJapane sokushiya i-Article Nine, futhi iJapane yenqaba futhi. Kodwa-ke, iJapan yavumela i-US ukuthi isebenzise izisekelo eJapan, naphezu kombhikisho omkhulu wabantu baseJapan.
IJapan yenqaba ukuhlanganyela eMpini Yokuqala YeGulf, kodwa yanikeza ukusekelwa kwamathokheni, imikhumbi yokugcwalisa amafutha, ngempi yase-Afghanistan (undunankulu waseJapane akusho ngokusobala ukuthi kwakuyindaba yokubeka abantu baseJapane esimweni sokwenza impi esikhathini esizayo). IJapan yalungisa imikhumbi nezindiza zase-US eJapan phakathi nempi ka-2003 e-Iraq, nakuba kungani umkhumbi noma indiza engakwazi ukusuka e-Iraq iye eJapane futhi ibuye idinga ukulungiswa ayizange ichazwe.
Manje, ekunxenxeni kwe-US, uNdunankulu waseJapan uShinzo Abe uzama ukukhipha ngokusemthethweni i-Article Nine, noma "ukuyichaza kabusha" ukuthi isho okuphambene nayo. Futhi abantu baseJapane, ngenxa yodumo lwabo lwaphakade, basemigwaqweni bavikela umthethosisekelo wabo kanye nesiko labo lokuthula.
Ngaleso sikhathi, abantu base-United States, nabangu-50% wokuzijabulisa kwabo kwemuvi okudumile (ngokulinganisa kwami okungekhona kwesayensi) okususelwe kumdlalo weshashalazi wokuhle nokubi weMpi Yezwe II, abekho nje emigwaqweni. Abaxhumani ngisho nomhlaba. Abazi ukuthi kuqhubekani. Futhi uma, eminyakeni engu-50 kusukela manje, iJapane egcwele impi ihlasela iHawaii, abantu base-United States bazoqhubeka nokungazi ukuthi lokho kwenzeka kanjani.
Bangu izishoshovu zokuthula emhlabeni wonke ezilwela ukusekela lo mbono ukuthi isizwe sanamuhla singaphila ngaphandle kwezimpi. IJapane iyisibonelo esihamba phambili, esinamaphutha athile asobala, wokuthi lokho kungenziwa kanjani. Ngeke sikwazi ukulahlekelwa yiJapan njengesibonelo sokuthula. Ngeke sikwazi ukuzwa kubaphathi bempi eminyakeni emihlanu kusukela manje ukuthi impi ifakazelwa ukuthi ayinakugwenywa ngokubuyela kwamaJapane empini. Ngeke sikwazi ukuzwa iZizwe Ezihlangene, eminyakeni eyishumi kusukela manje, ibonga iJapane ngomsebenzi wokusiza abantu wokuvikela abantu ngokubaqhumisa ngamabhomu. Ngeke sikwazi, eminyakeni engamashumi amabili kusukela manje, ukuzwa ukuthi iPentagon kumele yakhiwe ukuze ivikele amaJapane amabi.
Manje, empeleni, hhayi kamuva, kodwa njengamanje, kungaba umzuzu omuhle wokuvuka futhi wazise lokho okuzuzwe yiJapan. Manje kungaba yisikhathi esihle sokukhumbula ukuthi i-Article Nine yase-Japan yayisivele ingumthetho wezwe kwezinye izizwe zethu ngombhalo we-Kellogg-Briand Pact. Ake siqale ukuthobela umthetho.
* Isikweletu esikhulu kuDavid Rothauser ngefilimu yakhe I-athikili 9 Iza eMelika, nokuba yisivakashi sami ngesonto elizayo I-Radio Nation Nation.
* Izithombe ezivela http://damoncoulter.photoshelter.com
