Ukusuka eMosul kuya eRaqqa kuya eMariupol, Ukubulala Izakhamuzi Kuyicala

NguMedea Benjamin noNicolas JS Davies, World BEYOND War, Ngo-Ephreli 12, i-2022

Abantu baseMelika bashaqekile ngokufa nokubhujiswa kokuhlasela kweRussia e-Ukraine, bagcwalisa izikrini zethu ngezakhiwo eziqhunyiswe ngamabhomu nezidumbu ezilele emgwaqweni. Kepha i-United States namadlelandawonye ayo abambe impi emazweni ngamazwe amashumi eminyaka, eqopha inqwaba yembubhiso emadolobheni, amadolobhana namadolobhana ngezinga elikhulu kakhulu kunalokho osekuke kwalimaza i-Ukraine kuze kube manje. 

Njengoba sisanda kubika, i-US kanye nabalingani bayo behlise amabhomu nemicibisholo ye-337,000, noma i-46 ngosuku, emazweni ayisishiyagalolunye kusukela ngo-2001 kuphela. Kusho izikhulu eziphezulu ze-US Defence Intelligence Agency Newsweek ukuthi i izinsuku zokuqala ezingama-24 Ukuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu kweRussia e-Ukraine kwakungonakali kangako kunosuku lokuqala lokuqhuma kwamabhomu kwe-US e-Iraq ngo-2003.

Umkhankaso oholwa yi-US wokulwa ne-ISIS e-Iraq naseSyria waqhumisa lawo mazwe ngamabhomu nemicibisholo engaphezu kwe-120,000, ukuqhuma kwamabhomu okunzima kunawo wonke emashumini eminyaka. Izikhulu zezempi zase-US utshele i-Amnesty International ukuthi ukuhlasela kwe-US eRaqqa eSyria nakho bekuyibhomu elinzima kunawo wonke kusukela ngeMpi yaseVietnam. 

I-Mosul e-Iraq kwakuyidolobha elikhulu kunawo wonke i-United States kanye nabalingani bayo yehliswe yaba imfucumfucu kulowo mkhankaso, ngenani labantu abayizigidi eziyi-1.5 ngaphambi kokuhlaselwa. Mayelana Izindlu ze-138,000 zacekelwa phansi noma zacekelwa phansi ngamabhomu nezikhali, futhi umbiko wezobunhloli wase-Iraqi Kurdish ubalwe okungenani Izakhamizi ze-40,000 wabulawa.

I-Raqqa, eyayinabantu abangu-300,000, yayikhona waquleka nakakhulu. A Umsebenzi wokuhlola we-UN ibike ukuthi amabhilidi angama-70-80% acekeleke phansi noma alimele. Amabutho aseSyria namaKurdish eRaqqa kubika sibala izindikimba zabantu abayizi-4,118. Baningi abantu abashonile abangabaliwe emfucumfucwini yaseMosul naseRaqqa. Ngaphandle kocwaningo olunzulu lokufa kwabantu, kungenzeka singazi ukuthi iyiphi ingxenye yenani lokufa langempela elimele lezi zinombolo.

I-Pentagon yethembise ukuthi izobuyekeza izinqubomgomo zayo mayelana nokubulawa kwabantu ngemuva kwalezi zigameko zokubulawa kwabantu, futhi yagunyaza iRand Corporation ukuthi iqhube. isifundo enesihloko esithi, “Understanding Civilian Harm in Raqqa And Its Implications For Future Conflicts,” manje osekudayiselwe umphakathi. 

Ngisho noma umhlaba ubuyela emuva odlameni olushaqisayo lwase-Ukraine, isisekelo socwaningo lweRand Corp ukuthi amasosha ase-US azoqhubeka nokulwa izimpi ezihlanganisa ukuqhuma kwamabhomu emadolobheni nasezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi, nokuthi kufanele bazame ukuqonda ukuthi bangenza kanjani. ngakho ngaphandle kokubulala izakhamuzi eziningi kangaka.

Lolu cwaningo luhamba phezu kwamakhasi e-100, kodwa alukaze lufinyelele ekubhekaneni nenkinga eyinhloko, okuwumthelela omubi kakhulu futhi obulalayo wokudubula izikhali eziqhuma ezindaweni zasemadolobheni ezihlala abantu njengeMosul e-Iraq, iRaqqa eSiriya, iMariupol e-Ukraine, i-Sanaa e-Yemen. noma iGaza ePalestine.  

Ukwakhiwa “kwezikhali ezinembayo” kwehlulekile ngokusobala ukuvimbela lokhu kubulawa kwabantu. I-United States yembula “amabhomu ahlakaniphile” ayo amasha phakathi neMpi Yokuqala YeGulf ngo-1990-1991. Kodwa eqinisweni bahlanganisa 7% kuphela amathani angama-88,000 amabhomu awawisa e-Iraq, enciphisa "umphakathi osemadolobheni kakhulu futhi onemishini" waba "isizwe sangaphambi kwezimboni" ngokusho kwe Inhlolovo ye-UN. 

Esikhundleni sokushicilela idatha yangempela ngokunemba kwalezi zikhali, i-Pentagon igcine umkhankaso we-propaganda oyinkimbinkimbi ukuze udlulisele umbono wokuthi zinembile ngo-100% futhi zingashaya okuhloswe njengendlu noma isakhiwo sefulethi ngaphandle kokulimaza izakhamuzi endaweni ezungezile. 

Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi i-US ihlasela i-Iraq ngo-2003, uRob Hewson, umhleli wephephabhuku lezohwebo lwezikhali elibuyekeza ukusebenza kwezikhali ezethulwa ngomoya, walinganisela lokho. 20 kuya ku-25% zezikhali zase-US "ezinembayo" zigeje imigomo yazo. 

Ngisho noma zifika eziqondisweni zazo, lezi zikhali azenzi njengezikhali zasemkhathini emdlalweni wevidiyo. Amabhomu asetshenziswa kakhulu kwi-arsenal yase-US 500 lb amabhomu, eneziqhumane ezingamakhilogremu angu-89 e-Tritonal. Ngokuvumelana ne Idatha yokuphepha ye-UN, ukuqhuma kukodwa okuvela kulokho kuqhuma kungabulala ngo-100% kuze kufike endaweni engamamitha angu-10, futhi kuzophula wonke amawindi phakathi kwamamitha angu-100. 

Lokho nje umphumela wokuqhuma. Ukufa nokulimala okuhlasimulisayo nakho kubangelwa ukubhidlika kwezakhiwo kanye nemfucumfucu endizayo kanye nemfucumfucu - ukhonkolo, insimbi, ingilazi, izinkuni njll. 

Isiteleka sithathwa njengenembile uma sihlala ngaphakathi “kwephutha eliyindilinga okungenzeka,” ngokuvamile amamitha angu-10 ukuzungeza into eqondiwe. Ngakho-ke endaweni yasedolobheni, uma ucabangela "iphutha eliyindilinga okungenzeka," i-radius yokuqhuma, imfucumfucu endizayo nezakhiwo eziwayo, ngisho nesiteleka esibhekwa ngokuthi "sinembile" singase sibulale futhi silimaze izakhamuzi. 

Izikhulu zaseMelika zenza umehluko phakathi kwalokhu kubulala “okungahlosile” kanye nokubulawa “ngamabomu” kwezakhamuzi ngamaphekula. Kodwa isazi-mlando esingasekho uHoward Zinn sawubekela inselele lo mehluko incwadi kuya New York Times ngo-2007. Wabhala,

“La magama ayadukisa ngoba acabanga ukuthi isenzo 'senziwe ngamabomu' noma 'asihlosiwe.' Kukhona okuthile phakathi, igama elithi 'okungenakugwenywa.' Uma uhileleka esenzweni, esifana nokuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu emoyeni, lapho ongeke ukwazi ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwamasosha kanye nezakhamuzi (njengoba owake waba yi-Air Force bombardier, ngizokufakazela lokho), ukufa kwezakhamuzi akunakugwenywa, ngisho noma kungeyona 'inhloso.' 

Ingabe lowo mehluko uyakukhulula ngokokuziphatha? Ubuphekula bomhlaseli ozibulele kanye nobuphekula bokuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu emoyeni ngempela kuyalingana ngokuziphatha. Ukusho okuhlukile (njengoba noma yiluphi uhlangothi lungase lube njalo) kuwukunikeza olunye ukuziphatha okuhle kunolunye, futhi kanjalo kuqhubekisele phambili izinto ezesabekayo zesikhathi sethu.”

Abantu baseMelika bethuka ngokufanelekile lapho bebona izakhamuzi zibulawa ngamabhomu aseRussia e-Ukraine, kodwa ngokuvamile abethuki kangako, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi bamukele izizathu ezingokomthetho, lapho bezwa ukuthi izakhamuzi zibulawa amabutho ase-US noma izikhali zaseMelika e-Iraq, eSiriya, Yemen noma Gaza. Imithombo yezindaba yaseNtshonalanga yezinkampani idlala indima ebalulekile kulokhu, ngokusibonisa izidumbu e-Ukraine kanye nokulila kwabathandekayo babo, kodwa ukusivikela ezithombeni eziphazamisa ngokulinganayo zabantu ababulawa yi-US noma amabutho ahlangene.

Yize abaholi baseNtshonalanga befuna ukuthi iRussia iziphendulele ngamacala empi, abakaze baphakamise umsindo onjalo wokushushisa izikhulu zaseMelika. Kodwa ngesikhathi sokuhlasela kwamasosha aseMelika e-Iraq, womabili iKomidi Lamazwe Ngamazwe Le-Red Cross (I-ICRC) kanye ne-UN Assistance Mission e-Iraq (UNAMI) okubhalwe phansi ukwephulwa okuphikelelayo nokuhlelekile Kwezivumelwano Zase-Geneva ngamasosha ase-US, okuhlanganisa ne-Fourth Geneva Convention yango-1949 evikela izakhamuzi emiphumeleni yempi kanye nokuhlala kwezempi.

IKomidi Lamazwe Omhlaba leRed Cross (I-ICRC) futhi amaqembu amalungelo abantu yabhala ukuhlukunyezwa okuhleliwe nokuhlukunyezwa kweziboshwa e-Iraq nase-Afghanistan, okuhlanganisa namacala lapho amasosha ase-US ahlukumeza iziboshwa aze ashona. 

Nakuba ukuhlukunyezwa kwagunyazwa yizikhulu zaseMelika kuze kube sekugcineni Indlu Emhlophe, asikho isikhulu esingaphezu kwesikhulu esake sathweswa icala ngokufa kabuhlungu e-Afghanistan noma e-Iraq. Isijeziso esinzima kunazo zonke esitholwa ngokuhlukumeza isiboshwa size sife kwakuyisigwebo sezinyanga ezinhlanu ejele, nakuba lokho kuyicala lokufa ngaphansi kwe-US. Umthetho Wamacala Empi.  

Ku-2007 umbiko wamalungelo abantu echaza ukubulawa kwabantu abaningi ngamasosha ase-US, i-UNAMI yabhala, “Umthetho wesintu wamazwe ngamazwe ufuna ukuthi, ngangokunokwenzeka, izinjongo zempi akumelwe zibe phakathi kwezindawo ezihlala abantu abaningi. Ukuba khona kwezimpi phakathi kwenani elikhulu lezakhamuzi akuguquli isimo somphakathi endaweni.” 

Lo mbiko wawufuna “ukuba zonke izinsolo ezinokwethenjelwa zokubulala ngokungemthetho ziphenywe ngokucophelela, ngokushesha futhi ngokungachemi, futhi kuthathwe izinyathelo ezifanele ngokumelene nebutho lezempi elitholakala lisebenzisa amandla amaningi noma ngokungakhethi.”

Esikhundleni sokuphenya, i-US iwamboze ngenkuthalo amacala ayo empi. Inhlekelele isibonelo isibhicongo sango-2019 edolobheni lase-Baghuz, eSyria, lapho uphiko lwezempi olukhethekile lwase-US lwaphonsa amabhomu amakhulu eqenjini labesifazane ikakhulukazi nezingane, kwashona abangaba ngu-70. ukukumboza. Kuphela ngemva a New York Times imibukisoé ngemva kweminyaka ethile amasosha avuma nokuthi isiteleka saba khona.  

Ngakho-ke kuyaxaka ukuzwa uMongameli uBiden ethi uMongameli uPutin abhekane necala lamacala empi, lapho iMelika ifihla amacala ayo, yehluleka ukuthi izikhulu zayo ziziphendulele ngamacala ezempi futhi isawenqaba amandla eNkantolo Yamazwe Ngamacala. (ICC). Ngo-2020, uDonald Trump waze wafaka unswinyo lwaseMelika kubashushisi abakhulu be-ICC ngokuphenya ngamacala empi aseMelika e-Afghanistan.

Ucwaningo lweRand lusho ngokuphindaphindiwe ukuthi amabutho ase-US "azinikele ngokujulile emthethweni wezempi." Kodwa ukucekelwa phansi kweMosul, iRaqqa namanye amadolobha kanye nomlando wokudelela kwe-US i-UN Charter, i-Geneva Conventions kanye nezinkantolo zamazwe ngamazwe kuxoxa indaba ehluke kakhulu.

Siyavumelana nesiphetho sombiko weRandi sokuthi, “Ukufunda okuntekenteke kwesikhungo se-DoD ngezindaba zokulimala kwabantu kusho ukuthi izifundo zesikhathi esidlule azinakwa, kwandisa ubungozi kubantu base-Raqqa.” Kodwa-ke, siyakuphikisa ukuhluleka kocwaningo ukubona ukuthi ukungqubuzana okuningi okusobala elikubhalayo kuyimiphumela yemvelo yobugebengu obuyisisekelo yawo wonke umsebenzi, ngaphansi kweNgqungquthela yesine ye-Geneva kanye nemithetho ekhona yempi. 

Siyayenqaba yonke isisekelo salolu cwaningo, ukuthi amabutho ase-US kufanele aqhubeke nokuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu emadolobheni abulala izinkulungwane zezakhamuzi, ngakho-ke kufanele afunde kulokhu okuhlangenwe nakho ukuze abulale futhi akhubaze izakhamuzi ezimbalwa ngokuzayo lapho ebhubhisa idolobha elifana neRaqqa. noma Mosul.

Iqiniso elibi ngemuva kwalokhu kubulawa kwabantu base-US ukuthi ukungajeziswa kwezikhulu zezempi zase-US kanye nezakhamuzi ezikujabulele ngamacala empi edlule zibakhuthaze ukuthi bakholelwe ukuthi bangakwazi ukubalekela amadolobha aqhuma amabhomu e-Iraq naseSyria ukuze abhidlike, abulale amashumi ezinkulungwane zabantu. 

Kuze kube manje kufakazelwe ukuthi balungile, kodwa ukwedelelwa kwe-US ngomthetho wamazwe ngamazwe kanye nokwehluleka komphakathi womhlaba wonke ukubamba i-United States ukuba iphendule kucekela phansi yona kanye “ukuhleleka okusekelwe emithethweni” yomthetho wamazwe ngamazwe abaholi baseMelika nabaseNtshonalanga abathi bayawazisa. 

Njengoba sibiza ngokushesha ukuthi kumiswe ukulwa, kube nokuthula nokuziphendulela ngamacala empi e-Ukraine, kufanele sithi “Ngeke Ngiphinde!” ekuqhunyisweni kwamabhomu emadolobheni nasezindaweni ezihlala abantu, noma ngabe kuseSyria, e-Ukraine, eYemen, e-Iran nanoma yikuphi kwenye indawo, nokuthi ngabe umhlaseli yiRussia, i-United States, i-Israel noma iSaudi Arabia.

Futhi akufanele nanini sikhohlwe ukuthi ubugebengu obuphakeme bempi yimpi ngokwayo, ubugebengu bobudlova, ngoba, njengoba amajaji amemezela eNuremberg, “ngaphakathi ngokwalo buqukethe ububi obunqwabelene bonke.” Kulula ukukhomba abanye ngeminwe, kodwa ngeke siyimise impi kuze kube siphoqa abaholi bethu ukuthi baphile ngomgomo. kupelwe nguJustice Wenkantolo Ephakeme kanye nomshushisi waseNuremberg uRobert Jackson:

“Uma izenzo ezithile ezephula izivumelwano zingamacala, zingamacala kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-United States iyazenza noma iJalimane iyazenza, futhi asizimisele ukubeka umthetho wokuziphatha kobugebengu kwabanye esingeke sizimisele ukuwusebenzisa. ngokumelene nathi."

UMedea uBenjamin uhlanganisa CODEPINK for Ukuthula, nombhali wezincwadi eziningana, kufaka phakathi Ngaphakathi kwe-Iran: Umlando Weqiniso Nezombangazwe YeRiphabhulikhi Yase-Islamic yase-Iran. 

UNicolas JS Davies yintatheli ezimele, umcwaningi we-CODEPINK kanye nomlobi we Igazi ezandleni Zethu: I-American Invasion kanye nokubhujiswa kwe-Iraq.