Bengihlala e-Iraq ngesikhathi kuqhuma ibhomu le-2003 Shock ne-Awe. Ngo-Ephreli 1st, cishe amasonto amabili sokuqhuma kwamabhanoyi endiza, udokotela owayengomunye wamalungu eqembu engikanye naye angikhuthaza ukuba ngihambe naye esibhedlela i-Al Kindi eBaghdad, lapho ayazi khona ukuthi angaba usizo. Ngaphandle kokuqeqeshelwa ubudokotela, ngazama ukungathandeki, njengoba imindeni yayiya esibhedlela siyithwele abathandekayo abalimele. Ngesinye isikhathi, owesifazane owayehleli eduze kwami waqala wakhala ngokungalawuleki. "Ngimtshela kanjani?" Ubuzile ngesiNgisi esaphukile. “Ngithini?” KwakunguJamela Abbas, umalume wensizwa, ogama lakhe lingu-Ali. Ekuseni ngovivi ngoMashi 31st, izindiza zempi zase-US zahlasela ekhaya lomndeni wakhe, kuyilapho kuyena yedwa wonke umndeni wakhe ungaphandle. UJamela wakhala njengoba ecinga amagama azotshela u-Ali ukuthi odokotela abahlinzayo bancishwe zombili izingalo zakhe ezazonakele kabi, eduze namahlombe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuzofanele amtshele ukuthi manje usengukuphela kwesihlobo sakhe esisele.
Ngokushesha ngezwa ukuthi leyo ngxoxo ihambe kanjani. Kwathiwa kimi lapho u-Ali, oneminyaka engu-12, ezwa ukuthi wayesephelelwe yizandla zombili, waphendula ngokubuza ukuthi "Ngabe ngizohlala nginje?"
Ukubuyela ehhotela i-Al Fanar, ngacasha egumbini lami. Kwehla izinyembezi. Ngikhumbula ngishaya umcamelo wami futhi ngibuza ukuthi "Ngabe siyohlale sinje?"
UDavid Swanson ungikhumbuza ukuthi ngibheke empumisweni emangalisayo yesintu ekulweni nempi, ekukhetheni ezinye izindlela esisazokhombisa amandla ethu okuziqaphela.
Eminyakeni eyikhulu eyedlule, u-Eugene Debs wakhankasela ngokungakhathali e-US ukwakha umphakathi ongcono, lapho kuzobakhona ubulungiswa nokulingana futhi abantu abavamile bangabe besathunyelwa ukuba balwe izimpi egameni labaphehli bengcindezelo. Ukusuka ku-1900 kuya ku-1920 Debs kwaba ngumongameli ukhetho ngalunye kweziyisihlanu. Walwela umkhankaso wakhe we-1920 kusuka ngaphakathi kwejele lase-Atlanta lapho agwetshwa khona ngenxa yokuvukela umbuso ngoba wayekhulume ngokuqinile ngokumelene nokungena kweMelika eMpini Yezwe I. Egcizelela ukuthi izimpi kuwo wonke umlando bezilokhu zilwelwa ngenhloso yokunqoba nokuphanga, uDebs wayehlukanise phakathi kwesigaba se-master esimemezela izimpi nabanqobi abalwa izimpi. "Isigceme esikhulu kumele konke sikuthole futhi akukho okulahlekelayo," kusho uDebs kule nkulumo aboshwe kuyo, "kanti lesi sifundo asinalutho lokuthola konke futhi asilahlekele ikakhulukazi impilo yabo."
UDebs wayenethemba lokudala isimo sezengqondo kulo lonke abavoti baseMelika abamelana nenkulumo-ze futhi benqaba impi. Kwakungeyona inqubo elula. Njengoba isazi-mlando sabasebenzi sibhala, "Njengoba kungekho msakazo nethelevishini, futhi ngaphandle kokuzwela okumbangela okuqhubekayo, izimbangela zangaphandle, bekungekho okunye ngaphandle kokuhamba ngokungagudluki, idolobha elilodwa noma ukushaya ikhwela ngesikhathi, ekushiseni ukushisa noma ukufiphala kubanda, ngaphambi kwesixuku esikhulu noma esincane, kunoma iyiphi ihholo, ipaki noma esiteshini sesitimela lapho bekuhlangene khona isixuku. ”
Akazange avimbele ukungena kwe-US eMpini Yezwe I, kodwa uSwanson usitshela encwadini yakhe ye-2011, Lapho iWorld Outlawed War, kwafika iphuzu emlandweni wase-US, kwi-1928, lapho abacebile abacebile benquma ukuthi yayikukukhanyiselwa kwabo uqobo- intshisekelo yokuxoxisana ne-Kellogg-Briand Pact, okuhloswe ngayo ukugwema izimpi zesikhathi esizayo, nokuvikela ohulumeni base-US besikhathi esizayo ekufuneni impi. ISwanson isikhuthaza ukuthi sifunde futhi sakhe ngezikhathi zomlando ngenkathi kunqatshelwa impi, futhi senqabe ukuzitshela ukuthi impi ayinakugwenywa.
Impela kumele sijoyine amaSwanson ekwamukeleni izinselelo ezinkulu esibhekana nazo ekukhankaseni ukugwema impi, noma ukuyiqeda. Uyabhala: “Ngaphezu kokugxila embusweni wamanga wokungabikhona kwempi, abantu e-United States baphikisana nokhetho olukhohlakele, imithombo yezindaba egcwele, imfundo engenamsoco, inkohliso eyisikhohlakali, ukuzijabulisa okungaqondakali, kanye nomshini wempi waphakade. uhlelo lomnotho oludingekayo olungadidaniswa. ”ISwanson iyenqaba ukukhishwa yizinselelo ezinkulu. Impilo yokuziphatha inselele eyingqayizivele, futhi ifaka izinselelo ezimbalwa, njengokubandlulula imiphakathi yethu. Ingxenye yenselelo ukwamukela ubunzima bayo ngokweqiniso: ukufakaza ngamehlo engcacile amabutho enza impi ibe khona esikhathini sethu nasendaweni yethu, kepha iSwanson iyenqaba ukuhlukanisa lezi zinhlaka njengezithiyo ezingenakunqotshwa.
Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, ngiphinde ngezwa ngomshana kaJamela Abbas, u-Ali. Manje wayeseneminyaka engu-16, ehlala eLondon lapho intatheli ye-BBC yaxoxisana naye khona. U-Ali wayesengumculi onekhono, esebenzisa izinzwani zakhe ukubamba ibhulashi lokupenda. Wayefundile nokuzondla esebenzisa izinyawo zakhe. “Ali,” kubuza umsakazi, “ubungathanda ukuba yini lapho ukhula?” NgesiNgisi esiphelele, u-Ali wayephendule wathi, “Angiqiniseki. Kepha ngithanda ukusebenzela ukuthula. ”UDavid Swanson usikhumbuza ukuthi ngeke sibe njalo ngale ndlela. Sizodlula ngezindlela esingakwazi ukuzicabanga kahle, ngokuzimisela kokuphakama kokungakwazi kwethu ukufeza izinhloso zethu emhlabeni. Ngokusobala le ndaba ka-Ali akuyona indaba ezwakalayo. Ubuntu buye balahlekelwe kakhulu empini futhi okuvame ukubonakala njengokungakwazi kwabo ukuthula kufana nokulimaza okukhulu. Asizazi izindlela esizothola ngazo ukuthi sisebenzele kanjani ukukhuphuka kulokhu kubhujiswa. Sifunda ezintweni ezedlule, sibeka iso lethu emgomweni wethu, sikuswele ngokuphelele ukulahlekelwa kwethu, futhi silindele ukumangala ngezithelo zomsebenzi onamandla nomdlandla wokugcina ubuntu buphila, futhi busisize ukudala futhi.
Uma uDavid eqinisile, uma isintu sisinda, impi uqobo lwayo izohamba ngendlela yokufa nokubulala izingane, imisebenzi yezingane kanye nokugqilazwa kwezikhungo. Mhlawumbe ngolunye usuku, ngaphandle kokuba kwenziwe ngokungemthetho, kuzophinde kuqedwe. Enye impi yethu ilwela ubulungiswa, ngokumelene nempi yokugaya eyehlayo yokuceba kwabampofu, ngokumelene nokuzidela komuntu ngesijeziso esiyinhlawulo, ngokumelene nobushiqela obenzela ukuthi ukwesaba impi kuqinisa. Ukunyakaza kwethu okuhlelekile okusebenzela lezi zinto kanye nezinye izimbangela eziningi zivame ukuba yimodeli yokuthula, yokuxhumana, ukuqedwa kokuhlukaniswa kanye nokungqubuzana ebudlelwaneni bokudala, ukuphela kwempi okwenziwe, emaphethelweni, sekubonakele kakade.
EChicago, lapho ngihlala khona, bekubanjelwe echibini elingaphezulu konyaka ehlobo isikhathi eside nje engisakhumbula. Ibizwa ngokuthi "Umbukiso Womoya Nezamanzi," ikhule eminyakeni eyishumi eyedlule yaba isibonakaliso esikhulu samasosha omkhosi kanye nomcimbi obalulekile wokuqasha. Ngaphambi kombukiso omkhulu, i-Air Force yayizilolonga ngokuzivocavoca kwezempi futhi sasizwa ama-sonic booms isonto lonke lokulungiselela. Lo mcimbi ubuzoheha izigidi zabantu, futhi phakathi kwendawo epikisayo amandla ezempi aseMelika angabhubhisa futhi alimaze abanye abantu kuvezwe njengeqoqo lezikhathi ezinobuqhawe, zokunqoba.
Ehlobo le-2013, izwi lafika kimi e-Afghanistan ukuthi umoya nomoya wawenzekile kodwa kodwa ukuthi amasosha ase-US "awekho umbukiso."
Umngani wami uSean ubengene emnyango wepaki yemicimbi yonyaka eyedlule embhikishweni owedwa, ekhuthaza ababekhona ukuthi "bajabulele ukubukwa" ngakho konke ngezindleko zabo ezimangazayo ngamadola wentela, ezimpilweni nasekuqineni kwezwe nenkululeko yezepolitiki elahlekile empini yombuso. Ukulangazelela ukuvuma ukuthambekela komuntu ukumangala ngombukiso ohlaba umxhwele kanye nokuphumelela kobuchwepheshe obukhethiwe, wayegcizelela izindiza, futhi ngezwi elinobungani ngangokunokwenzeka, "Babukeka bepholile kakhulu uma bengakuhlabi ngamabhomu!" unyaka wayelindele izixuku ezincanyana, njengoba ezwe (yize ngokusobala kakhulu ematasa ukuqoqa abalandeli bakhe abayizinkulungwane eziningana ukuthi bacwaningisise umcimbi othile walo nyaka) ukuthi isenzo esithile samasosha sikhanseliwe. "Emakhulu amathathu amaflaya kamuva, ngithole ukuthi yingoba I-MILITARY yayisivele!" Ungibhalele ngosuku uqobo: "Bebengekho lapho_ngaphandle kwamatende we-Air Force engiwatholile lapho ngigibela ibhayisekili ngokubheka iziteshi zokuqasha. Ngavele ngaqonda ukuthi kungani ngingakaze ngizwe ama-sonic booms aqala ngempelasonto. ”(Bengihlala ngikhononda kuSean ngokwenzakaliswa minyaka yonke kokulalela lezo zinhlelo zokuzilungiselela umdlalo)“ Sijabule kakhulu ukuqiniswa yisiqu sami , Ngakhumula amafilimu ami futhi ngahamba ngebhayisekili ngentokozo ngomcimbi. Kwakuwubusuku obuhle, futhi isibhakabhaka saseChicago sase siphilisiwe! ”
Ukungakwazi kwethu neze kuyindaba yonke; ukunqoba kwethu kuza ngezindlela ezincane ezilandelanayo ezisimangazayo. Ukunyakaza kwezigidi kuphakama ukubhikisha impi, okuqala kwayo ukubambezeleka, umthelela wayo wehlisiwe, izinyanga ezingaki noma iminyaka, ngokuthi mangaki izimpilo ezingakaze zilahlekelwe, mangaki amalunga angakaze akhishwe emzimbeni wezingane? Ngabe imicabango emibi yabenzi bempi iphazanyiswa ngokuphelele kangakanani ukuvikela amacebo abo abulalayo, ukuthi bangaki ukuhlukunyezwa okusha, ngenxa yokumelana kwethu, ngeke yini bakhule kangaka? Yizinto ezingakanani njengoba iminyaka iqhubeka? Buzovuswa kangakanani ubuntu bomakhelwane bethu, ukuqwashisa kwabo kuyokhushulwa kuliphi izinga, kangakanani lapho bezofunda ukubambelela ngokuqinile emphakathini lapho bezofunda ukuba khona emizameni yethu ehlanganyelwe yokuphonsela inselelo nokumelana nempi impi? Vele asikwazi.
Esikwaziyo ukuthi ngeke sibe ngale ndlela ngaso sonke isikhathi. Impi ingasiqothula ngokuphelele, futhi uma inganqandwa, ingathinteki, ikhombisa wonke amandla okwenza lokho. Kepha Impi KaDavid Swanson Ayisacabangi isikhathi lapho ama-Ali Abbases omhlaba ekhombisa isibindi sawo esikhulu ezweni eliqede izimpi, lapho kungekho noyedwa okufanele aphindisele khona usizi lwabo ezandleni zezizwe ezihlaselayo, lapho sigubha khona ukubulawa komhlaba impi. Ngale kwalokhu kufisa isikhathi lapho isintu sesithole inhloso yangempela, nencazelo, kanye nomphakathi wokubizwa kwayo ukuze kuqedwe impi ndawonye, ukuze siphile inselelo ebeka impi esikhundleni sokuthula, ukuthola izimpilo zokumelana, kanye nemisebenzi yabantu yangempela. Esikhundleni sokukhazimulisa amasosha ahlomile njengamaqhawe, masibonge ingane engenazikhali yibhomu laseMelika okufanele lazi ukuthi ukungakwazi ukwenza okuthile kuyizaba zokungasebenzi, ukuthi yikuphi noma okungashintshi izinguquko, futhi ngubani, naphezu kwakho konke esikwenzile kuye, namanje uzimisele ngokusebenzela ukuthula.
—UKathy Kelly
