Ibhalwe nguGareth Porter, Izindaba ze-Consortium.
Okukhethekile: Abaphenyi be-UN baya ngokuya benza iziphetho zabo zihambisane nenkulumo-ze yaseNtshonalanga, ikakhulukazi ngempi yaseSyria, njengoba kwenzeka embikweni ohlanekezelwe mayelana nokuhlasela kwangonyaka odlule komkhumbi wosizo, kuchaza uGareth Porter.
I-March 1 umbiko weNhlangano Yezizwe Ezihlangene '"Ikhomishana Ezimele Yophenyo Yamazwe Ngamazwe" igomele ngokuthi ukuhlasela okuchitha igazi ohambeni losizo lwabantu entshonalanga ye-Aleppo City ngoSepthemba 19, 2016, kwakuwukuhlasela kwezindiza kwezindiza zikahulumeni wase-Syria. Kodwa ukuhlaziya umbiko wephaneli le-UN kukhombisa ukuthi wawususelwe ekulandiseni kokuhlasela kwenhlangano yezokuvikela yaseSyria esekela “izigqoko ezimhlophe” eyayigcwele ukungqubuzana kwangaphakathi.
Ilungu lezigqoko ezimhlophe elikhomba umphumela wokuhlasela kwamasosha.
I-akhawunti ye-UN nayo ayizange isekelwe ubufakazi bezithombe obuhlinzekwe oMakalabha Abamhlophe noma ngezithombe zesathelayithi ezazitholakala kukhomishana, ngokusho kochwepheshe abazimele. Ngokuqhubeka nokubukela phansi ukuthembeka kombiko we-UN, oMakalabha Abamhlophe sebeyavuma manje ukuthi amarokhethi abawathwebula awazange adutshulwe ezindizeni zaseRussia noma zaseSyria kodwa zasuka phansi.
Njengesifinyezo sangoDisemba odlule se-UN Umbiko weBhodi Lophenyo Lendlunkulu esigamekweni esifanayo, umbiko weKhomishana uchaze ukuhlasela njengokuqale “ngamabhomu emiphongolo” ajikijelwa izindiza ezinophephela emhlane zaseSyria, kwalandelwa ukuqhubeka nokuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu ngezindiza ezinamaphiko angaguquki futhi, ekugcineni, zazulazula ngezibhamu ezingontuluntulu emoyeni.
Umbiko wangoMashi 1 awuzange uveze noma yimuphi umthombo wokulandisa kwawo, ucaphuna kuphela "[c]imibiko evela kohulumeni nezinhlangano ezingekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni." Kodwa empeleni abaphenyi be-UN balwamukele uhlobo lwezenzakalo olunikezwa isikhulu Esigqoko Sezigqoko Ezimhlophe esifundazweni sase-Aleppo kanye nobufakazi obuqondile bokuthi ama-White Helmet ayenziwe obala.
Ama-White Helmet, axhaswa kakhulu ohulumeni baseNtshonalanga futhi asebenza kuphela ezindaweni ezilawulwa amavukela-mbuso, adume ngokusebenzisa izinkundla zokuxhumana ukulayisha amavidiyo okuthiwa akhombisa izingane ezilimele nezinye izisulu zempi.
Ngonyaka odlule, umkhankaso ohlelwe kahle waphusha ukuqokwa kweqembu ukuthola uMklomelo Wokuthula KaNobel futhi ifilimu ye-Netflix mayelana neqembu iwine i-Oscar ngenyanga edlule. IZizwe Ezihlangene kanye nemithombo yezindaba evamile yaseNtshonalanga ivame ukuthembela ku-White Helmets ama-akhawunti avela ezindaweni zempi ezingafinyeleleki kubantu bangaphandle. Kepha izikhulu zama-White Helmets ziphishekele i-ajenda yezepolitiki esobala yokweseka amabutho aphikisayo ezindaweni ezibuswa yi-Al Qaeda e-Aleppo nase-Idlib lapho besebenze khona.
NgoSepthemba 19, ngokushesha ngemva kokuhlasela kwethimba losizo, isikhulu senhlangano Yezigqoko Ezimhlophe esifundeni sase-Aleppo, u-Ammar al-Selmo, wethula indaba ebabazekayo yokuhlasela komoya kweRussia-Syria, kodwa kwaphawulwa ngokusobala kwangaphakathi. ukuphikisana.
Ekuqaleni, uSelmo washo engxoxweni ukuthi ubeqhele ngebanga elingaphezu kwekhilomitha ezindaweni zokugcina izimpahla lapho kwenzeke khona ukuhlasela futhi wabona izindiza ezinophephela emhlane zaseSyria ziwisa “amabhomu emiphongolo” esizeni. Kodwa ukulandisa kofakazi bokuzibonela bekungeke kwenzeke ngoba kwase kumnyama ngesikhathi ethi ukuhlasela kuqala ngabo-7:15 ebusuku. wayishintsha indaba yakhe engxoxweni eyakamuva, ethi ubengaphesheya komgwaqo ngesikhathi sokuhlasela futhi wezwa “amabhomu emiphongolo” ededelwa kunokuba awabone.
USelmo ugcizelele kuvidiyo eqoshwe ngalobo busuku ukuthi ukuhlasela kwaqala kwehla izindiza ezinophephela emhlane zaseSyria ayisishiyagalombili “amabhomu emiphongolo, " achazwa njengamabhomu amakhulu, akhiwe ngonya, anesisindo esisuka ku-250 kg kuya ku-500 kg noma ngisho nangaphezulu. Icaphuna ukuhlehla okumise okwebhokisi emfucumfucwini, uSelmo wathi ividiyo ikhombisa “ibhokisi lebhomu lomphongolo,” kodwa ukuhlehlisa kuncane kakhulu ukuba kube umgodi ovela kubhomu elinjalo.
USelmo waqhubeka ne-akhawunti, “Khona-ke umbuso uphinde uqondise le ndawo ngamabhomu eqoqo amahlandla amabili, futhi indiza yamaRussia iqondise le ndawo nge-C-5 nangezinhlamvu,” ngokusobala ebhekise kumarokhethi enkathi yeSoviet S-5. Abakwa-White Helmet bathwebula amarokhethi amabili anjalo futhi bawathumela ezitolo zezindaba, okuhlanganisa neWashington Post, okuyinto ushicilele isithombe endabeni yokuthunyelwe ngekhredithi kumaHelmet amhlophe.
Ukungqubuzana Kwendaba
Kepha u-Hussein Badawi, ngokusobala oyisikhulu sikaHelmet esimhlophe esiphethe indawo yase-Urum al Kubrah, yaphikisana nendaba kaSelmo. Engxoxweni ehlukile, uBadawi uthe ukuhlasela bekungaqali “ngangamabhomu emiphongolo” kodwa “ngamarokhethi amane elandelana” athi athulwe ngamasosha kahulumeni esikhungweni sabo sokuzivikela esifundazweni sase-Aleppo - okusho ukuthi bekuwukuhlasela okuqale phansi. kunokuhlasela emoyeni.
Imephu yaseSyria.
Empendulweni ye-imeyili yombuzo ovela kimi, uSelmo uhoxise isimangalo sakhe sangempela mayelana namarokhethi e-S-5. “Ngaphambi kokuhlasela kwezindiza endaweni,” ebhala, “imicibisholo eminingi ecitshwayo ihlasela indawo evela ezimbonini zokuvikela [ezi] empumalanga ye-Aleppo [empumalanga] yedolobha, indawo elawulwa umbuso. [T] indiza yenkukhu yafika yahlasela indawo.
Kodwa ukuhlasela kwe-rocket okunjalo okuvela kuleyo "ndawo elawulwa umbuso" bekungeke kwenzeke ngobuchwepheshe. Isikhungo sokuvikela sikahulumeni waseSyria sitholakala eSafira, 25 km eningizimu-mpumalanga yeDolobha lase-Aleppo nakude kakhulu ne-Urum al-Kubrah, kanti amarokhethi e-S-5 athwetshulwa oMakalabha Abamhlophe ane ibanga elingamakhilomitha amathathu noma amane kuphela.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, amabutho kahulumeni waseRussia kanye namasosha aseSyria kwakungewona wodwa amaqembu alwayo abe nama-S-5 endaweni yawo yezikhali. Ngokusho kuka-a ucwaningo lwe-rocket ye-S-5 yi-Armament Research Services Amasosha aphikisayo aseSyria abesebenzisa namarokhethi e-S-5. Babezithole ohlelweni oluyimfihlo lweCIA lokuthutha izikhali eziqoqweni zikahulumeni waseLibya ukuze zinikezwe amavukelambuso aseSyria kusukela ngasekupheleni kuka-2011 noma ekuqaleni kuka-2012. Amavukelambuso aseSyria ayesebenzise izinhlelo zokuqalisa ezithuthukisiwe ukuze azixoshe, njengoba ucwaningo lwe-ARS lubhalwe ngesithombe.
Ngokuphawulekayo, futhi, isimangalo esicacile sikaSelmo sokuthi izindiza zaseRussia zazihileleke ekuhlaselweni, okwashiwo ngokushesha yiPentagon, kwachithwa kafushane umbiko wephaneli le-UN, owasho ngokucacile, ngaphandle kwencazelo eyengeziwe, ukuthi "ayikho indiza yaseRussia eyayihlasela. eduze ngesikhathi sokuhlasela.”
Ubufakazi Obungekho
Kodwa-ke, naphezu kokungafani okuningi endabeni ka-White Helmets, abaphenyi be-UN bathi bayayisekela i-akhawunti yokuhlasela komoya "ngokuhlolwa kwendawo, okuhlanganisa nokuhlaziywa kwezinsalela zamabhomu asemoyeni namarokhethi abhalwe kusayithi, kanye nesithombe sesathelayithi. okubonisa umthelela ohambisana nokusetshenziswa kwezikhali ezilethwa emoyeni.”
Uphawu lwe-"White Helmet", oluthatha igama elithi "Syria Civil Defense."
Umbiko weKhomishini ye-UN ucaphune isithombe sebhomu laseRussia i-OFAB-250 elitholwe ngaphansi kwamabhokisi athile endaweni yokugcina izimpahla njengobufakazi bokuthi lisetshenziswe ekuhlaselweni. Omakalabha Abamhlophe bathatha isithombe basisakaza kwabezindaba, kuhlanganise neWashington Post futhi kuwebhusayithi yeBellingcat, egxile ekuphikisaneni nezimangalo zeRussia mayelana nokusebenza kwayo eSyria.
Kodwa lelo bhomu lalingeke liqhume kuleyo ndawo ngoba laliyokwenza umgodi ube mkhulu ngokuphindwe kaningi kune-indent encane ephansi esithombeni sikaHelmet Omhlophe - njengoba kuboniswe kule vidiyo yendoda emi emgodini webhomu elifanayo ePalmyra.
Okunye ngaphandle kwebhomu le-OFAB-250 - njengerokhethi ye-S-5 - kubangele izinyembezi ezinhle emabhokisini aboniswe esithombeni, imininingwane evela esigcawini esikhulu kwembula. Ngakho-ke i-OFAB bomb tailfin kumele ngabe ibekwe endaweni yesigameko ngemuva kokuhlasela.
Bobabili abahlaziyi bezithombe ze-UN kanye nochwepheshe abazimele abahlole izithombe zesathelayithi bathola ukuthi ama-crater anomthelela angeke avele “kumabhomu asemoyeni” ashiwo yiKhomishini.
Ukuhlaziywa kwezithombe zesathelayithi ochwepheshe beZizwe Ezihlangene e-UNITAR-UNOSAT kwenziwa umphakathi yiHhovisi leNhlangano Yezizwe Ezihlangene ngoMashi 1 liphinde liphikisane ne-akhawunti ye-White Helmet, ekhombisa ukungabibikho kwanoma yibuphi ubufakazi "bamabhomu emiphongolo" noma amabhomu e-OFAB-250 awiswe esizeni.
Abahlaziyi be-UN bahlonze izindawo ezine ezithombeni ezisekhasini lesihlanu nelesithupha lombiko wabo “njengama-crater angaba khona.” Kodwa umthombo we-UN owazi kahle ukuhlaziya kwabo izithombe wangitshela ukuthi ikhiphe isinqumo sokuthi lawo maphuzu anomthelela kungenzeka abangelwa “amabhomu emiphongolo” noma amabhomu aseRussia e-OFAB-250.
Isizathu, kusho umthombo we-UN, ukuthi amabhomu anjalo ngabe ashiye ama-craters amakhulu kakhulu kunalawo atholakala ezithombeni. Lawo maphuzu okushayisana okungenzeka avela ezikhalini ezethulwe emoyeni ezincane kakhulu noma ezinqoleni zezikhali ezisekelwe phansi noma umlilo wesamende, kodwa hhayi kunoma yisiphi salezo zikhali, ngokusho komthombo we-UN.
Izinselele Zochwepheshe
Owake waba yisikhulu sezobunhloli e-US esinolwazi olude ekuhlaziyeni izithombe zasemoyeni kanye noPierre Sprey, owayengumhlaziyi wePentagon, bobabili ababuyekeze izithombe zesathelayithi, bavumile ukuthi izindawo ezikhonjwe yi-UNOSAT zazingeke zivele “kumabhomu emiphongolo” noma i-OFAB- 250 amabhomu.
Lowo owake waba yisikhulu sezobunhloli, owafuna ukuthi igama lakhe ligodlwe ngoba usasebenza nezikhulu zikahulumeni, uthe amaphuzu amancane ahlonzwe yithimba le-UN amkhumbuza ngomthelela ovela “ekuqhumeni kwamarokhethi amaningi noma mhlawumbe udaka.”
U-Sprey uvumile ukuthi wonke lawo maphuzu abengenzeka ngenxa yokudubula kwezibhamu noma udaka kodwa waphawula nokuthi izithombe zamaloli nezinye izimoto ezilimele azikhombisi ubufakazi bokuthi ashaywe yindiza. Izithombe zibonisa umonakalo omkhulu kuphela womlilo futhi, endabeni yemoto eyodwa, izimbobo ezinobukhulu obungajwayelekile kanye nokuma kahle, esho, ephakamisa imfucumfucu endizayo kunokuba ibhomu.
U-Sprey uphinde wakhomba ebufakazini bezithombe obukhomba ukuthi ukuqhuma iKhomishana ye-UN esole ngayo ukuhlasela kwendiza yaseSyria kwakuvela ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo ngokwaso, hhayi ekuqhumeni kwangaphandle. Ibhilidi elingaphesheya komgwaqo kwamanye amaloli acekelwe phansi ukuqhuma (in Umfanekiso we-9 yochungechunge lwe izithombe kuwebhusayithi yeBellngcat) kukhombisa ngokusobala ukuthi udonga lwangaphambili lwesakhiwo lwaluphephezelwa ngaphandle lubheke emgwaqeni, kuyilapho udonga lwangemuva nophahla kwakungashintshile.
Isithombe (esisemfanekisweni we-10) esithathwe ngaphakathi kwezinsalela zaleso sakhiwo sibonisa ukuthi imfucumfucu yokuqhuma yapheshulwa yawela umgwaqo yaya elolini elilimele. USprey uthe lezo zithombe ziphakamisa ukuthi i-IED (isiqhumane esithuthukisiwe) ibibekwe endlini ukuze iqhume ibheke emalolini.
Ekwamukeleni ukulandisa kweSyria-air-strike - nakuba ihlukana ngokuhlolisisa - "Ikhomishana Yophenyo" ye-UN ngaleyo ndlela yahambisana nokuchema okubusayo kwezombusazwe zaseNtshonalanga ngokuvuna ukuphikisa okuhlomile kuhulumeni waseSyria, ubandlululo oluye lwadala ubandlululo. isetshenziswe engxabanweni yaseSyria yizinhlaka ze-UN kusukela ekuqaleni kwempi ngo-2011.
Kodwa ubufakazi abukaze buphikise ngokucace kangaka lowo mkhakha njengoba bunjalo kuleli cala - nakuba ungeke ukufunde lokho ngokufunda noma ngokubuka imithombo yezindaba yezentengiselwano yaseNtshonalanga.
UGareth Porter uyintatheli ephenyayo ezimele futhi owine uMklomelo we-Gellhorn ka-2012 wobuntatheli. Ungumbhali wezincwadi ezisanda kushicilelwa I-Crisis eyenziwe: I-Untold Story ye-Iran Nuclear Scare.
