Ukuhamba kwe-NATO yaseFinland Kushiya Abanye Ukuqhubeka “Ngomoya We-Helsinki”

UMongameli waseFinland uthola uMklomelo Wokuthula weNobel ngo-2008. Ikhredithi Yesithombe: Umklomelo KaNobel

NguMedea Benjamin noNicolas JS Davies, World BEYOND War, Ngo-Ephreli 11, i-2023

Ngo-Ephreli 4, 2023, iFinland yaba yilungu lama-31 lomfelandawonye wezempi we-NATO. Umngcele wamamayela angama-830 phakathi kweFinland neRussia manje usuwumngcele omude kakhulu phakathi kwanoma yiliphi izwe le-NATO neRussia, okungenjalo. imingcele kuphela iNorway, iLatvia, i-Estonia, neziqephu ezimfushane zemingcele yasePoland neLithuania lapho zizungeze iKaliningrad.

Esimweni sempi engabandi kangako phakathi kwe-United States, i-NATO neRussia, noma yimiphi yale mingcele iyi-flashpoint engaba yingozi engabangela inkinga entsha, noma ngisho nempi yomhlaba. Kodwa umehluko omkhulu ngomngcele waseFinland ukuthi ufika phakathi kwamamayela ayi-100 ukusuka eSeveromorsk, lapho iRussia itholakala khona. I-Northern Fleet kanye nemikhumbi-ngwenya yayo engu-13 kwezingu-23 ehlome ngezikhali zenuzi. Lokhu kungaba lapho iMpi Yezwe Yesithathu izoqala khona, uma ingakaqali e-Ukraine.

EYurophu namuhla, yiSwitzerland kuphela, i-Austria, i-Ireland kanye nedlanzana lamanye amazwe amancane asele ngaphandle kwe-NATO. Iminyaka engu-75, iFinland yayiyisibonelo sokungathathi hlangothi okuphumelelayo, kodwa isekude nokuxoshwa. NjengeSwitzerland, inendawo enkulu wezempi, futhi abasebancane baseFinland kudingeka baqeqeshe okungenani izinyanga eziyisithupha zokuqeqeshelwa impi ngemva kokuba sebeneminyaka engu-18. babeyoba nengxenye ekulweni nezikhali uma iFinland ingahlaselwa.

Bangama-20 kuye kwangama-30% kuphela abantu baseFinland abaye basekela ngokomlando ukujoyina i-NATO, kuyilapho iningi liyisekela ngokungaguquki nangokuziqhenya inqubomgomo yayo yokungathathi hlangothi. Ekupheleni kuka-2021, umFinnish inhlolovo yemibono kukalwe ukwesekwa okudumile kobulungu be-NATO kuma-26%. Kepha ngemuva kokuhlasela kweRussia e-Ukraine ngoFebhuwari 2022, lokho iqhume kuya ku-60% kungakapheli amasonto futhi, ngoNovemba 2022, ama-78% aseFinns athi kusekelwe ukujoyina i-NATO.

Njengase-United States nakwamanye amazwe e-NATO, abaholi bezepolitiki baseFinland bebesekela i-NATO kunomphakathi jikelele. Naphezu kokusekelwa komphakathi isikhathi eside kokungathathi hlangothi, iFinland yajoyina i-NATO's Partnership for Peace uhlelo ngo-1997. Uhulumeni wayo wathumela amasosha angama-200 e-Afghanistan njengengxenye ye-UN-egunyazwe yi-International Security Assistance Force ngemuva kokuhlasela kwe-US ngo-2001, futhi ahlala lapho ngemva kokuba i-NATO ithatha umyalo waleli butho ngo-2003. Amasosha ahoxa ngo-2021, ngemuva kokuthi ingqikithi yamasosha angama-2,500 140 kanye nezikhulu zezakhamizi eziyi-XNUMX zithunyelwe lapho, kwase kuthunyelwe amaFinns amabili. wabulawa.

A December 2022 ukubuyekeza ngendima yeFinland e-Afghanistan yi-Finnish Institute of International Affairs yathola ukuthi amasosha aseFinland “ayehlanganyela ngokuphindaphindiwe empini njengengxenye yomkhankaso wezempi owawuholwa yi-NATO futhi usuyingxenye yengxabano,” nokuthi inhloso yaseFinland eyamenyezelwa, okwakuwukuthi "ukuzinzisa nokusekela i-Afghanistan ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuthula nokuvikeleka kwamazwe ngamazwe" yadlulwa "yisifiso sayo sokugcina nokuqinisa ubudlelwano bayo benqubomgomo yezangaphandle nezokuphepha ne-US kanye nabanye ababambisene bamazwe ngamazwe, kanye nomzamo wayo wokujulisa ukusebenzisana kwayo ne-NATO. .”

Ngamanye amazwi, njengamanye amazwe amancane ahlangene ne-NATO, iFinland ayikwazanga, phakathi kwempi ekhulayo, ukusekela izinto eziza kuqala kanye nezindinganiso zayo, futhi esikhundleni salokho yavumela isifiso sayo "sokujulisa ukusebenzisana kwayo" ne-United States kanye ne-NATO. ithathe indawo yokuqala kunenhloso yayo yokuqala yokuzama ukusiza abantu base-Afghanistan ukuthi babuyise ukuthula nokuzinza. Njengomphumela walezi zinto ezibalulekile ezididayo nezingqubuzanayo, amabutho aseFinland adonselwa ephethinini yokwenyuka okuguquguqukayo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla amakhulu abhubhisayo okuye kwabonakala ukusebenza kwezempi yase-US kuzo zonke izimpi zayo zakamuva.

Njengelungu elisha le-NATO, iFinland izoba namandla njengoba yayinjalo e-Afghanistan ukuze ithinte umfutho wempi ye-NATO ekhulayo neRussia. IFinland izothola ukuthi ukukhetha kwayo okudabukisayo ukushiya inqubomgomo yokungathathi hlangothi okulethe iminyaka engu-75 yokuthula futhi ibheke ku-NATO ukuze ivikeleke kuzoyishiya, njenge-Ukraine, ivezwe ngengozi emigqeni yangaphambili yempi eqondiswe eMoscow, eWashington naseBrussels ukuthi. alikwazi ukunqoba, noma ukuzixazulula ngokuzimela, noma livimbele ekunyukeleni eMpini Yezwe Yesithathu.

Impumelelo yeFinland njengezwe lentando yeningi elingathathi hlangothi nelikhululekile phakathi nangemuva kweMpi Yomshoshaphansi idale isiko elidumile lapho umphakathi uthembela kakhulu kubaholi bawo nabameleli bawo kunabantu emazweni amaningi aseNtshonalanga, futhi mancane amathuba okuba bangabaze ukuhlakanipha kwezinqumo zabo. Ngakho-ke ubunye obuseduze besigaba sezombangazwe ukujoyina i-NATO ngemuva kokuhlasela kweRussia i-Ukraine kwabhekana nokuphikiswa okuncane komphakathi. NgoMeyi 2022, iphalamende laseFinland kuvunyelwe ukujoyina i-NATO ngamavoti angu-188 kwayisishiyagalombili.

Kepha kungani abaholi bezepolitiki baseFinland bezimisele kangaka "ukuqinisa ubudlelwano bayo nenqubomgomo yezangaphandle nezokuphepha ne-US kanye nabanye ababambisene bamazwe ngamazwe," njengoba kusho umbiko waseFinland e-Afghanistan? Njengesizwe esizimele, esingathathi hlangothi, kodwa esihlome kakhulu, iFinland isivele ihlangabezana nomgomo we-NATO wokuchitha u-2% we-GDP yayo kwezempi. Iphinde ibe nemboni enkulu yezikhali, eyakha eyayo imikhumbi yempi yesimanje, izikhali, izibhamu zokuhlasela nezinye izikhali.

Ubulungu be-NATO buzohlanganisa imboni yezikhali yaseFinland emakethe yezikhali enenzuzo ye-NATO, kukhuphule ukuthengiswa kwezikhali zase-Finnish, kuyilapho futhi kunikeza umongo wokuthenga izikhali zakamuva zase-US kanye nezinhlangano ezihlangene zempi yazo kanye nokusebenzisana kumaphrojekthi wezikhali ahlangene namafemu e-NATO enkulu. amazwe. Njengoba isabelomali sezempi se-NATO sikhula, futhi okungenzeka silokhu sikhula, uhulumeni waseFinland ubhekana ngokusobala nezingcindezi ezivela embonini yezikhali nezinye izithakazelo. Empeleni, inkimbinkimbi yayo encane yezempi-yezimboni ayifuni ukushiywa ngaphandle.

Selokhu yaqala ukungena ku-NATO, iFinland isivele isivele uzibophezele U-$10 wezigidigidi ukuthenga ama-F-35 fighters aseMelika ukuze athathe indawo yeqembu lawo lama-F-18s amathathu. Iphinde yathatha amabhidi ezinhlelo ezintsha zokuvikela imicibisholo, futhi kubikwa ukuthi izama ukukhetha phakathi kwe-Indian-Israeli Barak 8 surface-to-air missile system kanye ne-US-Israeli David's Sling system, eyakhiwa u-Raphael wakwa-Israel kanye noRaytheon wase-US.

Umthetho waseFinland uvimbela izwe ukuthi libe nezikhali zenuzi noma lizivumele ezweni, ngokungafani namazwe amahlanu e-NATO agcina amasheya kwezikhali zenuzi zase-US emhlabathini wazo - eJalimane, e-Italy, eBelgium, eHolland naseTurkey. Kepha iFinland ithumele imibhalo yayo yokungena ku-NATO ngaphandle kokuhlukile ukuthi iDenmark neNorway iphikelele ukuthi ibavumele ukuthi bavimbele izikhali zenuzi. Lokhu kushiya isimo senuzi saseFinland sihlukile okungaqondakali, naphezu kukaMongameli Sauli Niinistö isithembiso ukuthi "iFinland ayinanhloso yokuletha izikhali zenuzi emhlabathini wethu."

Ukuntuleka kwezingxoxo mayelana nemiphumela yokuthi iFinland ijoyine umfelandawonye wezempi yenuzi kuyakhathaza, futhi bekulokhu kuthiwa enqubweni yokungena ngokuxhamazela ngokwedlulele esimweni sempi yase-Ukraine, kanye nesiko laseFinland lokuthembela ngokungangabazeki okuthandwayo kuhulumeni wayo kazwelonke.

Mhlawumbe okudabukisa kakhulu ukuthi ubulungu beFinland ku-NATO buphawula ukuphela kwesiko elincomekayo lesizwe njengomenzi wokuthula womhlaba. OwayenguMongameli waseFinland u-Urho Kekkonen, an umakhi yenqubomgomo yokubambisana neSoviet Union engomakhelwane kanye neqhawe lokuthula emhlabeni, yasiza ukwakha i-Helsinki Accords, isivumelwano esiyingqophamlando esasayinwa ngo-1975 yi-United States, iSoviet Union, iCanada kanye nazo zonke izizwe zaseYurophu (ngaphandle kwe-Albania) ukuthuthukisa i-detente. phakathi kweSoviet Union neNtshonalanga.

UMongameli waseFinland uMartti Ahtisaari uqhubekile nesiko lokuthula futhi kwaba njalo ukhishwa Nobel Peace Prize ngo-2008 ngemizamo yakhe ebalulekile yokuxazulula izingxabano zamazwe ngamazwe kusukela eNamibia kuya e-Aceh e-Indonesia kuya e-Kosovo (eyaqhunyiswa yi-NATO).

Ekhuluma e-UN ngoSepthemba 2021, uMongameli waseFinland uSauli Niinistö wabonakala elangazelela ukulandela leli fa. “Ukuzimisela kwabamelene nabo kanye nabaqhudelana nabo ukuzibandakanya ezingxoxweni, ukwakha ukwethembana, nokufuna ama-denominators afanayo - lokho bekuyisisekelo se-Helsinki Spirit. Yilolo hlobo lomoya impela umhlaba wonke, kanye neNhlangano Yezizwe Ezihlangene, ewudinga ngokuphuthumayo,” usho kanje wathi. "Ngiyaqiniseka ukuthi lapho sikhuluma kakhulu ngoMoya we-Helsinki, kulapho sisondela khona ekuwuvuseleni kabusha - nokwenza ukuthi ufezeke."

Yiqiniso, kwakuyisinqumo seRussia sokuhlasela i-Ukraine okwenza iFinland yashiya "i-Helsinki Spirit" ukuze ijoyine i-NATO. Kepha ukube iFinland ibimelene nezingcindezi zokuthi igijimele ebulungwini be-NATO, manje ibingase ijoyine “Peace Club” eyasungulwa uMongameli waseBrazil uLula ukuze kuvuselelwe izingxoxo zokuqeda impi e-Ukraine. Ngokudabukisayo nge-Finland kanye nomhlaba wonke, kubukeka sengathi i-Helsinki Spirit kuzodingeka iqhubekele phambili-ngaphandle kwe-Helsinki.

UMedea Benjamin noNicolas JS Davies bangababhali be Impi e-Ukraine: Ukwenza Umuzwa Wengxabano Engenangqondo, eshicilelwe yi-OR Books ngoNovemba 2022.

UMedea Benjamin ungumsunguli we CODEPINK for Ukuthula, kanye nombhali wezincwadi eziningana, kuhlanganise Ngaphakathi kwe-Iran: Umlando Weqiniso Nezombangazwe YeRiphabhulikhi Yase-Islamic yase-Iran.

UNicolas JS Davies yintatheli ezimele, umcwaningi we-CODEPINK kanye nomlobi we Igazi ezandleni Zethu: I-American Invasion kanye nokubhujiswa kwe-Iraq.