nguDaniel Hale, Ubufakazi Bombala, Julayi 26, i-2021
Ngenkathi uMongameli uJoe Biden evimbela ukubandakanyeka kwamasosha ase-US e-Afghanistan, impikiswano ethathe cishe iminyaka engama-20, lapho uMongameli uJoe Biden ehlasela ukubandakanyeka kwamasosha ase-United States e-Afghanistan, ingxabano ethathe cishe iminyaka engama-20, uMnyango Wezobulungiswa wase-US ufuna isigwebo esiqine kakhulu ngokudalulwa kwemininingwane okungagunyaziwe ecaleni elibhekene nomakadebona weMpi yase-Afghanistan.
UDaniel Hale, "owamukela umthwalo wemfanelo" wokwephula umthetho we-Espionage Act, waphendula ngenhlamba yabashushisi ngokuthumela incwadi kuJaji Liam O'Grady, ijaji lenkantolo yesifunda e-Eastern District yaseVirginia. Kungathathwa njengesicelo sokucela umusa enkantolo ngaphambi kokukhishwa kwesigwebo, kodwa ngaphezu kwanoma yini enye, ibeka ukuzivikela kwezenzo zakhe uhulumeni wase-US nenkantolo yase-US ababengeke bamvumele ukuba ethule phambi kwejaji.
Encwadini efakwe enkantolo ngoJulayi 22, uHale ukhuluma ngomzabalazo wakhe wokuhlala ecindezelekile kanye nengcindezi yangemva kokuhlukumezeka (PTSD). Ukhumbula iziteleka ze-drone zaseMelika kusuka lapho athunyelwa e-Afghanistan. Ubambana nokubuyela kwakhe ekhaya evela empini eyayise-Afghanistan kanye nezinqumo okwakumele azenze ukuze aqhubeke nempilo yakhe. Wayedinga imali yasekolishi, wagcina ethathe umsebenzi nosonkontileka wezokuvikela, okwamholela ekutheni asebenzele iNational Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA).
“Ngishiyele ukunquma ukuthi ngithathe isinyathelo,” kukhumbula uHale, “ngangenza lokho okufanele ngikwenze phambi kukaNkulunkulu nonembeza wami. Impendulo yeza kimi, ukuthi ukunqanda umjikelezo wobudlova, kufanele nginikele ngempilo yami hhayi eyomunye umuntu. ” Ngakho-ke, waxhumana nentatheli ayekhulume naye ngaphambilini.
UHale kulindeleke ukuthi agwetshwe ngoJulayi 27. Wayeyingxenye yohlelo lwe-drone e-US Air Force futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi wasebenza e-NGA. Ubuye wavuma icala ngoMashi 31 kwelilodwa lecala lokwephula umthetho i-Espionage Act, ngesikhathi enikeza amaphepha ku-Intercept owayengumsunguli uJeremy Scahill futhi ebhala isahluko encwadini ka-Scahill, I-Compassass Complex: Ngaphakathi Kohlelo lukaHulumeni oluyimfihlo lweDrone Warfare.
Waboshwa futhi wathunyelwa e-William G. Truesdale Detention Centre e-Alexandria, eVirginia, ngo-Ephreli 28. Umelaphi wezinsizakalo zangaphambi kokuqulwa kwamacala kanye necala lokuqulwa kwamacala ezigwegwe ogama lakhe linguMichael wephula imfihlo yesiguli futhi wabelana ngemininingwane nenkantolo ehlobene nempilo yakhe yengqondo.
Umphakathi uzwile ngoHale eSonia Kennebeck I-Bird kazwelonke idokhumentari, ekhishwe ngo-2016. Isici eshicilelwe kwiNew York Magazine kaKerry Howley ucaphune uHale futhi walandisa okuningi ngendaba yakhe. Kodwa-ke leli yithuba lokuqala intatheli nomphakathi abenalo selokhu aboshwa waboshwa ukuze afunde imibono kaHale engahlungiwe ngokukhetha akwenzile ukuveza isimo sempi ye-drone.
Ngezansi kombhalo obuhlelwe kancane ukuze kufundeke, kepha, akukho okuqukethwe okushintshiwe nganoma iyiphi indlela, umumo, noma ifomu.
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Ijaji Othandekayo O'Grady:
Akuyona imfihlo ukuthi ngilwela ukuhlala nokudangala kanye nengcindezi yangemva kwenhlekelele. Zombili zivela ekuhlangenwe nakho kwami ebuntwaneni ngikhulela emphakathini wasezintabeni osemaphandleni futhi zahlanganiswa nokuchayeka empini ngesikhathi senkonzo yezempi. Ukudangala kuyinto engapheli. Yize ukucindezelwa, ikakhulukazi ukucindezelwa okubangelwa yimpi, kungazibonakalisa ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene nangezindlela ezihlukile. Izimpawu ezinde zomuntu ohlaselwe yi-PTSD kanye nokudangala kaningi kungabonakala ngaphandle futhi kubonakale emhlabeni jikelele. Imigqa eqinile ngobuso nangomhlathi. Amehlo, ake akhanya futhi abanzi, manje ajulile futhi ayesaba. Nokulahlekelwa okungazelelwe kwesithakazelo ezintweni ezazivame ukuletha injabulo.
Lezi yizinguquko eziphawuleka ekuziphatheni kwami okuphawulwe yilabo ababengazi ngaphambi nangemva kwenkonzo yezempi. [Ukuthi] isikhathi sempilo yami engisichithe ngisebenza eMbuthweni Wezindiza wase-United States saba nomuzwa kimi kungaba yinto engezansi. Kunembe kakhudlwana ukusho ukuthi kuguqule ubuntu bami njengomuntu waseMelika. Njengoba sengiguqule unomphela udaba lwendaba yami yokuphila, ngangena endabeni yomlando wesizwe sakithi. Ukuqonda kangcono ukubaluleka kokuthi lokhu kwenzeke kanjani, ngithanda ukuchaza isipiliyoni sami esathunyelwa e-Afghanistan njengoba sasinjalo ngonyaka we-2012 nokuthi kwenzeka kanjani ukuthi ngaphule umthetho we-Espionage Act, ngenxa yalokho.
Ngokwesikhundla sami njengomhlaziyi wezobunhloli osesiteshini iBagram Airbase, ngenziwa ukuba ngilandele indawo ezungeze amadivayisi eselula okukholakala ukuthi aphethwe ngabantu ababizwa ngokuthi yizitha. Ukufeza lo msebenzi kudinga ukufinyelela ochungechungeni oluyinkimbinkimbi lweziphuphutheki ezisemhlabeni wonke ezikwazi ukugcina ukuxhumana okunganqamuki nezindiza ezikude ezikude, ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-drones.
Lapho nje ukuxhumana okungaguquguquki sekwenziwe futhi kutholakele umakhalekhukhwini oqondisiwe, umhlaziyi wezithombe e-US, ngokusebenzisana nomshayeli wendiza ye-drone kanye ne-opharetha yekhamera, uzothatha indawo esebenzisa imininingwane engiyinikezile ukuhlola konke okwenzeke emkhakheni wokubuka we-drone . Lokhu kwenziwa kaningi ukubhala izimpilo zansuku zonke zabasolwa ngamasosha. Kwesinye isikhathi, ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele, kwenziwa umzamo wokubanjwa. Kwezinye izikhathi, isinqumo sokuteleka futhi sibabulale lapho bebemi khona besizokalwa.
Isikhathi sokuqala lapho ngabona khona isiteleka se-drone safika ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngifikile e-Afghanistan. Ekuseni ngalolo suku, ngaphambi kokuntwela kokusa, iqembu lamadoda lalibuthene ndawonye ezintabeni zeSifundazwe sasePaktika zizungeze umlilo wekamu bephethe izikhali netiye. Ukuthi babephethe izikhali kwakungeke kuthathwe njengokujwayelekile endaweni engakhulela kuyo, kungasaphathwa ukuthi phakathi kwezizwe ezingenamthetho ezingaphandle kolawulo lweziphathimandla zase-Afghanistan ngaphandle kokuthi phakathi kwazo kwakukhona ilungu elisolwayo leTaliban, elinikezwe kude ngomakhalekhukhwini oqondisiwe ephaketheni lakhe. Ngokuqondene nabantu abasele, ukuhlonywa, iminyaka yobusosha, nokuhlala phambi komuntu okusolwa ukuthi ungumlwi wesitha kwakungubufakazi obenele bokubabeka nokusolwa. Yize behlangene ngokuthula, bengasongeli lutho, ikusasa lamadoda aphuza itiye manje seligcwalisekile. Ngangibuka nje lapho ngihleli eceleni futhi ngibuka ngeso elibukhali lekhompyutha lapho ukuqhuma okwethusayo okungazelelwe kwemicibisholo yeSihogo somlilo kwehla, kwagcwala amathumbu anombala onsomi okristale eceleni kwentaba yasekuseni.
Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuze kube namuhla, ngiyaqhubeka nokukhumbula izigcawu eziningi ezinjalo zodlame oluqhakazile olwenziwe kusukela esihlalweni esibandayo sesihlalo sekhompyutha. Alukho usuku oludlulayo angingabazi ukulungiswa kwezenzo zami. Ngokwemithetho yokuthembisana, Kungenzeka ukuthi kuvunyelwe kimi ukuthi ngisize ukubulala lawo madoda — engingakhulumi ulimi lwawo, amasiko engingawaqondi, namacala engingakwazi ukuwabona — ngendlela esabekayo engangiwabuka ngayo afe. Kepha kungathathwa kanjani njengokuhloniphekile kimi ngokuqhubeka ngilinde ithuba elilandelayo lokubulala abantu abangaqaphile, abavame ukungabi yingozi kimi noma komunye umuntu ngaleso sikhathi. Ungalokothi ucabangele ukuhlonipheka, kungenzeka kanjani ukuthi noma yimuphi umuntu ocabangayo aqhubeke akholelwe ukuthi kwakudingeka ukuthi ukuvikelwa kwe-United States of America kube se-Afghanistan futhi kubulale abantu, akekho noyedwa kubo owayekhona owayephethe ukuhlaselwa kuka-Septhemba 11 isizwe. Yize kunjalo, ngo-2012, unyaka ogcwele ngemuva kokubhubha kuka-Osama bin Laden ePakistan, ngaba yingxenye yokubulala izinsizwa ezazingazikhohlisi, ezazizingane nje ngosuku lwango-9/11.
Noma kunjalo, naphezu kwemizwelo yami engcono, ngaqhubeka nokulandela imiyalo nokulalela umyalo wami ngenxa yokwesaba imiphumela. Kodwa-ke, sonke lesi sikhathi, sazi ngokwengeziwe ukuthi impi yayingahlangene kakhulu nokuvimbela ukwesaba ukuthi kungene e-United States nokunye okuningi okuphathelene nokuvikela inzuzo yabakhiqizi bezikhali nalabo ababizwa ngezinkontileka zokuvikela. Ubufakazi baleli qiniso babekwa obala nxazonke zami. Empini ende kunazo zonke, ethuthuke kakhulu kwezobuchwepheshe emlandweni waseMelika, amasosha enkontileka ayedlubhe umfaniswano ogqoke amasosha ama-2-to-1 futhi athola imali ephindwe kayishumi kumholo wabo. Khonamanjalo, kwakungakhathalekile ukuthi ngabe, njengoba bengibonile, umlimi wase-Afghanistan ushaywe phakathi, kodwa eyazi ngendlela eyisimangaliso futhi engenamqondo wokuzama ukukhipha ingaphakathi lakhe emhlabathini, noma ngabe ibhokisi lokubhaka ifulegi laseMelika elehliselwe e-Arlington National Amathuna kuzwakala ukushaywa kwesibhamu okungama-10. Bang, bang, bang. Kokubili kusebenza ukufakazela ukugeleza kwemali okulula ngokukhishwa kwegazi — elabo nelethu. Lapho ngicabanga ngalokhu, ngifikelwa usizi futhi ngibe namahloni ngami ngezinto engizenzile ukuzisekela.
Usuku olukhathaza kakhulu empilweni yami lwafika ezinyangeni eziningi ngithunyelwa e-Afghanistan lapho umsebenzi ojwayelekile wokuqapha waphenduka inhlekelele. Bese kuphele amasonto silandela ukunyakaza kwendandatho yabakhiqizi bamabhomu ezimoto abahlala ngaseJalalabad. Amabhomu ezimoto aqondiswe ezisekelweni zase-US abe yinkinga ekhula njalo futhi ebulalayo ngalelo hlobo, kwenziwa umzamo omkhulu wokumisa. Bekuyintambama enomoya futhi enamafu ngesikhathi omunye wabasolwa etholakala ebheke ngasempumalanga, eshayela ngejubane elikhulu. Lokhu kwethuse abaphathi bami abakholelwa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi uzama ukweqa umngcele angene ePakistan.
Isiteleka se-drone bekuwukuphela kwethuba lethu futhi besivele siqala ukukleliswa ukuthatha isibhamu. Kepha i-Predator drone engaphakeme kangako yakuthola kunzima ukubona ngamafu nokuncintisana nemimoya enamandla yangaphambili. Ukulayishwa okukodwa okukhokhwayo i-MQ-1 kwehlulekile ukuxhumana nenhloso yayo, esikhundleni sokulahleka ngamamitha ambalwa. Imoto, ilimele kodwa isashayiseka, yaqhubeka phambili ngemuva kokugwema ukubhujiswa. Ekugcineni, lapho ukukhathazeka komunye umcibisholo ongenayo sehlile, idrayivu yama, yaphuma emotweni, futhi yazibheka ngathi ayikholwa ukuthi isaphila. Ohlangothini lwabagibeli kuphume owesifazane ogqoke ibhala elingenakuphikiswa. Kuyamangaza ukuthi bekusanda kufundwa nje ukuthi bekukhona owesifazane, mhlawumbe unkosikazi wakhe, lapho nendoda ebesihlose ukuyibulala ezikhathini ezedlule, angibanga nethuba lokubona okwenzekile ngaphambi kokuba i-drone iphambukise ikhamera yayo lapho iqala batatazela ukukhipha okuthile ngemuva emotweni.
Kwadlula izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuthi ekugcineni ngifunde esithangamini esasiphethwe umphathi wami ngalokho okwenzeka. Ngempela bekukhona unkosikazi kamsolwa enaye emotweni futhi ngemuva bekukhona amadodakazi abo amabili amancane, aneminyaka engu-5 no-3 ubudala. Kwathunyelwa iqembu lamasosha ase-Afghanistan ukuba liyophenya ukuthi imoto yayimise kuphi ngakusasa.
Yilapho babathola bebekwe khona endaweni yokulahla udoti eduze. Indodakazi [endala] itholakale ishonile ngenxa yamanxeba angachazwanga adalwe yizingqwembe ezibhoboze umzimba wayo. Udadewabo omncane wayesaphila kodwa enamanzi amaningi emzimbeni.
Ngenkathi umphathi wami esedlulisela lolu lwazi kithi, wabonakala ezwakalisa ukunengeka, hhayi ukuthi sasidubule ngephutha umuntu nomndeni wakhe, sibulale enye yamadodakazi akhe, kepha owesabekayo owenza ibhomu wayala unkosikazi wakhe balahle izidumbu zamadodakazi abo kudoti ukuze bobabili basheshe baphunyuke bewele umngcele. Manje, noma nini lapho ngihlangana nomuntu ocabanga ukuthi impi yedrone ilungile futhi igcina iMelika iphephile, ngiyasikhumbula leso sikhathi bese ngizibuza ukuthi ngingaqhubeka kanjani nokukholelwa ukuthi ngingumuntu olungile, ofanelwe yimpilo yami nelungelo lokulandela injabulo.
Ngonyaka owodwa kamuva, embuthanweni wokuvalelisa thina esasizoshiya inkonzo yezempi, ngahlala ngedwa, ngididekile ngithelevishini, kuyilapho abanye bekhumbula ndawonye. Kwithelevishini bekuqhamuka izindaba zomengameli [u-Obama] ethula inkulumo yakhe yokuqala emphakathini mayelana nenqubomgomo ezungeze ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe be-drone empini. Amazwi akhe enzelwe ukuqinisekisa umphakathi ngemibiko ebhekisisa ukushona kwezakhamizi ezitelekeni ze-drone kanye nokuqondiswa kwezakhamizi zaseMelika. Umongameli uthe kudingeka kuhlangatshezwane nezinga eliphakeme "lokuqiniseka okuso" ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi azikho izakhamizi ezikhona.
Kepha kulokho ebengikwazi ngezimo lapho izakhamizi kungenzeka zazikhona, labo ababulewe cishe babehlala beyizitha eziqokiwe ezenzakalweni ngaphandle uma kufakazelwa ngenye indlela. Yize kunjalo, ngiqhubekile nokulalela amazwi akhe njengoba umongameli eqhubeka echaza ukuthi i-drone ingasetshenziswa kanjani ukuqeda umuntu oletha "usongo olusondele" e-United States.
Esebenzisa ukufanisa kokukhipha isifinyezo, lapho ebuka khona isixuku sabantu esingacabangi, umongameli wafanisa ukusetshenziswa kwama-drones ukuvimbela lowo owayezoba yiphekula ekufezeni uzungu lwakhe olubi. Kepha njengoba ngangikuqonda ukuthi, isixuku esingazikhukhumezi kwakuyilabo ababehlala ngokwesaba nangokwesaba ama-drones esibhakabhakeni sabo kanti nesisulu kuleso simo bekuyimi. Ngakholelwa ukuthi inqubomgomo yokubulawa kwabantu nge-drone yayisetshenziselwa ukudukisa umphakathi ukuthi usigcine siphephile, kwathi lapho ekugcineni ngishiya umbutho wezempi, ngisaqhuba lokho ebengiyingxenye yayo, ngaqala ukukhuluma , ngikholelwa ukuthi ukubamba kwami iqhaza ohlelweni lwe-drone bekungalungile kakhulu.
Ngazinikezela ekulweni nobushoshovu bokulwa nempi futhi ngacelwa ukuba ngihlanganyele engqungqutheleni yokuthula eyayiseWashington, DC, ngasekupheleni kukaNovemba 2013. Abantu babehlangene ndawonye emhlabeni wonke bezokwabelana ngolwazi lokuthi kunjani ukuphila esikhathini se-drones. UFaisal bin Ali Jaber wayehambe esuka eYemen ezositshela ngokwenzeka kumfowabo uSalim bin Ali Jaber kanye nomzala wabo uWaleed. UWaleed wayekade eyiphoyisa, kanti uSalim wayeyi-imam ehlonishwayo yomlilo, aziwa ngokunikeza izinsizwa izinshumayelo mayelana nendlela eya ekubhujisweni uma bekhetha ukuthatha i-jihad enobudlova.
Ngelinye ilanga ngo-Agasti 2012, amalungu endawo e-Al Qaeda ahamba esigodini saseFaisal ngemoto abona uSalim emthunzini, asondela ngakuye, amkhomba ukuthi eze azokhuluma nabo. Akekho noyedwa owaphuthelwa yithuba lokushumayela intsha, uSalim waqhubeka ngokuqapha noWaleed eceleni kwakhe. UFaisal nabanye abantu bendawo baqala ukubukela kude. Ukuya phambili kwakukhona ukubukeka kwe-Drone Drone okukhona, futhi.
Ngenkathi uFaisal elandisa ngokwenzekile ngokulandelayo, ngazizwa ngiphindiselwa emuva emuva emuva lapho ngangiye khona ngalolo suku, ngo-2012. Engazi uFaisal nalabo besigodi sakhe ngaleso sikhathi ukuthi kwakungebona bodwa ababebuka uSalim eza ku-jihadist emotweni. Ukusuka e-Afghanistan, mina nabo bonke ababesemsebenzini samisa umsebenzi wabo ukuze babone ukubulawa kwabantu okwase kuzokwenzeka. Ngokucindezela inkinobho evela ezinkulungwaneni zamakhilomitha kude, imicibisholo emibili yesihogo somlilo yasuka esibhakabhakeni, yalandelwa eminye emibili. Bengakhombisi zimpawu zokuzisola, mina nalabo engangizungezile sashaya izandla sathokoza ngokunqoba. Phambi kwehholo elingakhulumi, uFaisal wakhala.
Cishe isonto lonke ngemuva kwengqungquthela yokuthula ngithole umsebenzi oholela kahle uma ngizobuyela emsebenzini njengonkontileka kahulumeni. Ngazizwa ngingakhululekile ngalo mbono. Kuze kube yilelo phuzu, uhlelo lwami kuphela lokuhlukaniswa kwezempi bekungukubhalisela ikolishi ukuze ngiqede iziqu zami. Kodwa imali engangikwazi ukuyenza yayingaphezulu kakhulu kunalokho engake ngakwenza ngaphambili; empeleni, bekungaphezu kwanoma yibaphi abangane bami abafundele ekolishi ababekwenza. Ngakho-ke, ngemva kokucabangisisa kahle, ngabambezela ukuya esikoleni futhi ngathatha lowo msebenzi.
Isikhathi eside, bengingakhululeki ngami ngicabanga ngomqondo wokusebenzisa isizinda sami sobusosha ukuthola umsebenzi wedeski onethezekile. Ngaleso sikhathi, ngangisacubungula engangikudlule, futhi ngase ngiqala ukuzibuza ukuthi ngabe ngiphinde ngibe nesandla yini enkingeni yemali nempi ngokwamukela ukubuya njengosonkontileka wezokuvikela. Okubi kakhulu kwaba wuvalo lwami lokuthi wonke umuntu owayengizungezile wayebamba iqhaza ekukhohliseni nasekuphikeni okwakusetshenziselwa ukuthethelela amaholo ethu amabi kakhulu ngokuqashwa okulula. Into ebengiyesaba kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi yisilingo sokuthi ngingangibuzi.
Kwathi-ke ngelinye ilanga ngiphumile emsebenzini ngahlala ngizihlalele nabantu engisebenza nabo abanomsebenzi onethalente engangiwuthanda kakhulu. Bangenza ngazizwa ngamukelekile, futhi ngangijabule ngokuthola ukwamukelwa kwabo. Kepha-ke, ngethuka kakhulu, ubungani bethu obusha sha bujika kabi ngokungalindelekile. Bakhethe ukuthi kufanele sithathe umzuzwana futhi sibuke ndawonye imidwebo egciniwe yeziteleka zangaphambilini ze-drone. Imikhosi enjalo yokuhlanganisa amakhompiyutha ukubukela lokho okwakuthiwa yi- “war porn” kwakungeyona into entsha kimi. Ngangihlanganyela kuzo sonke isikhathi ngenkathi ngithunyelwa e-Afghanistan. Kodwa ngalolo suku, eminyakeni ngemuva kweqiniso, abangane bami abasha [bahefuzela] futhi baklolodela, njengoba nje nabadala bami babenjalo, lapho bebona amadoda angenathemba ezikhathini zokugcina zokuphila kwabo. Ngahlala ngokubuka nami, angasho lutho, ngezwa inhliziyo yami iqhekeka yaba yizicucu.
Mnumzane, iqiniso elibi kakhulu engiqonde ngalo ngohlobo lwempi ukuthi impi ingukuhlukumezeka. Ngikholwa ukuthi noma yimuphi umuntu obizelwe noma ophoqelelwe ukuba abambe iqhaza empini elwa nomuntu wakubo uthenjiswa ukuthi uzovezwa uhlobo oluthile lokuhlukumezeka. Ngaleyo ndlela, alikho isosha elibusiswe ngokuthi libuyele ekhaya livela empini elingalimele kangako.
I-crux ye-PTSD ukuthi iyisidididi sokuziphatha esihlukumeza amanxeba angabonakali engqondweni yomuntu owenzelwe ukuthwala isisindo sesipiliyoni ngemuva kokusinda esehlakalweni esibuhlungu. Ukuthi i-PTSD ibonakala kanjani kuncike ezimweni zomcimbi. Ngakho-ke opharetha we-drone uzokucubungula kanjani lokhu? Isibhamu esinqobayo, esizisolayo ngokungangabazeki, okungenani sigcina udumo lwaso luqinile ngokubhekana nesitha salo enkundleni yempi. Umshayeli wendiza ozimisele unokunethezeka kokungadingeki abone imiphumela emibi. Kepha yini ebengingayenza ukubhekana nonya olungenakuphikwa engaluqhubekisela phambili?
Unembeza wami, owake wangibamba, wabuya waphila. Ekuqaleni, ngazama ukukuziba. Ngifisa ukuthi kube khona ozothatha le ndebe kimi, obekwe kangcono kunami. Kepha nalokhu futhi bekungubuwula. Ngiyeke ukunquma ukuthi ngithathe isinyathelo, bengenza lokho okufanele ngikwenze phambi kukaNkulunkulu nonembeza wami uqobo. Impendulo yeza kimi, ukuthi ukumisa umjikelezo wobudlova, kufanele nginikele ngempilo yami hhayi eyomunye umuntu.
Ngakho-ke ngathinta intatheli ephenyayo ebenginobudlelwano obuhle naye ngaphambili ngamtshela ukuthi kunokuthile abantu baseMelika ababedinga ukukwazi.
ngenhlonipho,
UDaniel Hale
