Kufakwe Kuphela

Ukube ubungu-Iranian futhi wezwa ukuthi uMeluleki Wezokuphepha Kwezwe wase-US uJohn Bolton ufuna ukuhlasela izwe lakho, ubungeke yini uzizwe wethuka?

Kepha sifundiswa ukukuchitha lokho.

Ukuqeqeshwa kuqala kusenesikhathi: Qedela ukwabiwa. Thola amamaki amahle. Vikela impilo yakho. Shintsha umphefumulo wakho.

Ungakhathazeki ngamabhomu ase-US adonsa iBaghdad noma amaqembu abalekelelwa yi-US axhasa abantu abalimala eLatin America.

Ziba ukuthi i-CIA, i-Agency for International Development, kanye ne-National Endowment for Democracy idambisa kanjani imiphakathi yakwamanye amazwe ngokusebenzisa amasheya nokutshala ngaphambi kwenkulumo-ze yenkohliso yamanga, ukubhebhezela udlame, ukubulawa kwabantu, ukuhlasela

Ngo-1953, abaphathi be-Eisenhower, kanye nosihlalo wangaphambili weRockefeller Foundation, uNobhala Wombuso uJohn Foster Dulles, kanye noMqondisi we-CIA u-Allen Dulles, bahlela umbuso owathatha isikhundla sika-Mohammad Mossadegh wase-Iran no-Shah, owabusa iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amabili obumpofu, ukuhlukunyezwa , nokucindezelwa. Ngokwephula ubukhosi nokungathathi hlangothi kwe-Iran, ama-Allies phambilini ayehlasele i-Iran phakathi nazo zombili izimpi zezwe zikawoyela nezitimela.

UMossadegh okhethwe ngentando yeningi wayehole umkhankaso odumile wokuqhakambisa i-Anglo-Iranian Oil Company yaseBrithani, eyayibhange layo elaliyikhasimende leSullivan & Cromwell, inkampani yabameli bakwaDulles. Manje njengoba uShah ebuyiselwe emsebenzini, kwafika inzalo kaRockefeller iStandard Oil yaseNew Jersey (Exxon), elinye iklayenti lakwaSullivan neCromwell. IChase Manhattan Bank kaRockefeller yafika izovikela ingcebo ka-Shah. Kwafika iNorthrop Aircraft, kwathi iShahha yangenisa izingalo zaseMelika ngamehlo engqondo. I-CIA yaqeqesha i-SAVAK, ukuphepha kwangaphakathi okunesihluku kuka-Shah.

Ngo-1954, ukuvukela umbuso okwenziwe ngabakwa-Eisenhower kwafaka uJacobo Árbenz waseGuatemala wafaka uCastillo Armas, umbuso wakhe owahlukumeza, wabulala, wavimbela izinyunyana zabasebenzi futhi wamisa nezinguquko kwezolimo. Eminyakeni engamashumi amane kamuva, ngenxa yemali nezikhali zase-US, kwabulawa abangu-200,000. Abenzi bezinqubomgomo zase-US abamthandanga u-brbenz ngoba ubethathe umhlaba kwiklayenti lakwaSullivan & Cromwell, i-United Fruit Company, ukuze lisatshalaliswe kubantu abampofu. Phambilini, umashiqela osekelwa yiMelika uJorge Ubico wayehlukumeze abalimi ngonya ngenkathi enikeza i-United Fruit imvume yezimali nomhlaba wamahhala.

Ngo-1961, iqembu likaKennedy elaligqugquzelwa labulala futhi lafaka uPatrice Lumumba owayeyilungu leCongo esikhundleni sikaMo withse Tshombe, umholi wesifundazwe saseCongo, uKatanga. Abenzi bezinqubomgomo zaseMelika, belangazelela amaminerali kaKatanga, babefuna indoda yabo uTshombe iphathe iCongo noma isize iKatanga ihlukane. Ngo-1965, i-US yayisekela uMobutu Sese Seko, ukucindezelwa kwakhe okwesabekayo okwadlula iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amathathu.

Ngo-1964, ukuvukela umbuso okwenziwe nguJohnson kwavala isikhundla sikaJoão Goulart waseBrazil, kamuva wabulawa, ngundlovukayiphikiswa wamasosha owathatha izinyunyana zabasebenzi, wahlukumeza abapristi futhi wenza isihluku esasakazeka iminyaka engamashumi amabili. UGoulart, owayengathathi hlangothi eMpini Yomshoshaphansi, wayevumele amaKhomanisi ukuthi abambe iqhaza kuhulumeni futhi enze izwe eliphethwe yinkampani i-International Telephone and Telegraph Company. Umongameli we-ITT wayengumngani noMqondisi we-CIA uJohn McCone, okwathi kamuva wasebenzela i-ITT.

Ngo-1965, ngemuva kombhikisho owawushoshozelwe u-Eisenhower ngo-1958 ngokumelene neSukarno yase-Indonesia, elinye iqembu lafaka uSuharto, umbuso wakhe owabulala abantu base-Indonesia abaphakathi kuka-500,000 no-1 million. I-CIA inikeze uhlu lwezinkulungwane zabasolwa njengamaKhomanisi ukuthi ibutho lase-Indonesia libabulale. Emangazwe ukungahambisani kweSukarno's Cold War, i-CIA ibilokhu iqamba ividiyo yezithombe zocansi kaSukarno ukuze imhlambalaze.

Ngo-1971, ukuvukela umbuso okwakugqugquzelwa uNixon-Kissinger kwangena uJuan Torres waseBolivia, owabulawa kamuva, noHugo Bánzer, owabopha izinkulungwane futhi wahlukumeza njalo amalungelo abantu. UNixon noKissinger, osebenzisana noRockefeller, besaba ukuthi uTorres uzokwenza iGulf Oil Company (kamuva eyi-DRM) yabelane ngenzuzo nabaseBolivia.

Ngo-1973, umbuso wamaNixon-Kissinger owangena esikhundleni sikaSalvador Allende, owabulawa, no-Augusto Pinochet, owabusa ngobudlova wabulala izinkulungwane zabantu iminyaka engaphezu kweyishumi. I-Rockefeller-ehlelwe iBusiness Group yeLatin America, kufaka phakathi i-ITT, i-PepsiCo, ne-Anaconda Mining Company, isekele ngasese imikhankaso yokulwa ne-Allende.

Sifundiswa ukuthi i-US iletha inkululeko emhlabeni. Kodwa iyiphi inkululeko lena? Inkululeko yokuphila ngaphandle kwabazali bakho ababulewe? Inkululeko yokuhlukunyezwa ngokukhathalela abampofu?

Uma singabanjwanga ebuchosheni ukuthi konke lokhu kuhlonipha unkulunkulu wezwe Inkululeko, sishukunyiswa ingqondo ukuthi kungenxa kaJesu uqobo. Amasosha ase-US ayelungiselela ukuhlasela iFallujah, e-Iraq abusiswa ngumfundisi wawo weNavy owaba nesibindi sokufanisa ukuhlaselwa kwabo okwakusondela nokungena kukaJesu eJerusalema.

Manje kungani i-Iran, kune-US, ibhekwa njengengozi? Kungani iVenezuela iyisitha? Ngoba baphule iMiyalo Emine yeqembu elinobunono elenza inqubomgomo yezangaphandle yase-US:

Ungavimbi ukwenza inzuzo kwamabhizinisi ase-US phesheya. Inzuzo ephezulu, njengamabanga aphezulu, ikhombisa impumelelo. Ungabasizi abampofu noma unikeze umhlaba ongenamhlaba. Yiba umngane nabangane bethu, izitha nezitha zethu. Ungazenqabi izisekelo zamasosha nezikhali zase-US.

Bheka okwenzeka kuMongameli wangaphambilini wase-Ecuador uCorrea. Wamangalela i-DRM, wanciphisa ubuphofu, wajoyina iqembu lezomnotho laseVenezuela nelaseCuba, wanikeza uJulian Assange ukukhoseliswa, futhi wenqaba ukuvuselela iminyaka eyishumi isosha laseMelika laliqashile ngo-10. Ngo-2009, lo mongameli odumile wacishe wabulawa ngamaphoyisa enodlame. . Futhi sikholwe ukuthi iqembu laseMelika belingavunyelwe?

Silawulwa uhlobo olugula ngokwengqondo ulwazi lwazo olusezikhwameni zazo, hhayi ezinhliziyweni zabo, futhi abasiphikayo okudingeka kakhulu ukukhulisa ukuthula komhlaba: inkululeko yokunakekela.

QAPHELA (Septhemba 2019): UKristin Christman uxolisa ngephutha ekuphawuleni okungenhla. Ubhale ukuthi iqembu likaKennedy elaligqugquzela umbuso labulala uPatrice Lumumba waseCongo, kanti empeleni kwakungu-Eisenhower owakhipha umyalo wokubulawa kwalaba. ULumumba onekhono lokuzimisela ukugcina iCongo ecebile ngamaminerali ingathathi hlangothi eMpini Yomshoshaphansi, wabulawa ngesihluku ngoJanuwari 17, 1961, ezinsukwini ezintathu ngaphambi kokubekwa kukaKennedy. Lokhu kubulala akwenzelwanga umphakathi kwaze kwaphela inyanga. UKennedy washaqeka kakhulu ngalezi zindaba, ngoba wayeze waphakamisa nokuthi kungenzeka ukuthi asekele ukukhululwa kukaLumumba futhi amhlanganise nohulumeni waseCongo. Abaphathi bakaKennedy, nokho, bagcina besekela uMobutu ononya nowayenengcindezelo, owayekhona ngesikhathi kushaywa uLumumba. Imibhikisho yomhlaba wonke yakugxeka ukubulawa kwalo mholi okhuthazayo futhi onesibindi, kwathi ngo-2002, uhulumeni waseBelgium waxolisa ngengxenye yakhe enkulu ekubulaweni kwabantu wasungula nesikhwama sokuqhakambisa intando yeningi eCongo. I-CIA ayikaze ivume eyayo indima yokuhola. ”

U-Kristin Christman ungumbhali obambe iqhaza kwi-anthology ezayo Bending the Arc (SUNY Press).