A
Ngo-1974, umfowethu omdala uNhi wabulawa ibhomu le-napalm: Emagange ukunqoba amavukela mbuso e-National Liberation Front (NLF), i-ARVN yawisa i-napalm nhlangothi zombili, yashisa wonke umuntu, kuhlanganise nomfowethu. Lapho umama efika ezolanda izinsalela zikaNhi ezishile, zazibonakala ngamazinyo akhe.
Ngemva kwempi, ngahlala e-United States ukuze ngithole iziqu. Izingane zakithi ezine kanye nemindeni yazo beza e-US ngesikebhe phakathi kuka-1975 no-1981.
Njengomfundi ophakeme eSifundazweni SaseGia Định, ngathola umfundaze we-US Agency for International Development ukuze ngiyofunda eSan Jose State University ngo-1968. Lapho ngifika eCalifornia, ekuqaleni ngasekela kodwa ngokushesha ngamelana nempi ngemva kokutadisha umlando waseVietnam nokufunda “Ngaphandle kwalokho. Vietnam” ngemva kokubulawa kukaMartin Luther King, Jr. Kwathi ngo-1972, mina nabanye abangu-30 sakha i-Union of Vietnamese e-US (UVUS) ngemva kokuba umngane wami oseduze owayengumfundi omelene nempi, u-Nguyễn Thái Bình, edutshulwe yi-agent yase-US eyayigqoke iyunifomu etiyeleni laseTân Sơn Nhat. isikhumulo sezindiza ngenkathi sidingiselwa eVietnam. Ukufa kukaBình kubangele omkhulu umsindo eSàigòn. Amalungu e-UVUS wonke akhulume ngokumelene nempi, ehlangene neVietnam Veterans Against the War kusukela ngo-1972 kwaze kwaba ngu-1975.
Ngiyaqhubeka nokusebenza futhi ngiphakamise izinkinga ze-Agent Orange phakathi kwabantu base-Vietnamese - kokubili e-Vietnam nase-US - kanye nomakadebona base-Vietnam. Okubaluleke kakhulu umphumela i-Agent Orange, equkethe i-dioxin (enye yamakhemikhali anobuthi kakhulu aziwa isayensi) eba nawo ezinganeni nakubazukulu balabo abachayeka ekufuthweni kwe-US phakathi nempi. Amakhulu ezinkulungwane enzalo yabo manje ahlushwa ukukhubazeka okuhlasimulisayo nomdlavuza. Uhulumeni wase-US, ngenkathi usuqalile ukusiza ukuhlanza i-Agent Orange esele enhlabathini eVietnam, akakakwazi ukunikeza usizo kubantu abasha abayizisulu ze-Agent Orange, kungaba eVietnam noma e-US NabaseVietnam baseMelika (bobabili I-ARVN kanye nezakhamuzi) abathintwa Umenzeli Orange abatholanga kuqashelwa noma usizo. Uhulumeni wase-US nabakhiqizi bamakhemikhali, ikakhulukazi i-Dow ne-Monsanto, kusamele benze okufanele futhi bahlangabezane nesibopho sabo kuzisulu zabo!
Uchungechunge lwe-PBS oluthi “Impi YaseVietnam” lube intuthuko enkulu kunemibhalo edlule mayelana nempi, lusakaza amazwi abantu base-US kanye nabantu baseVietnam futhi lubonisa ukucwasa kwempi. Kodwa-ke, ukubiza impi ngokuthi "impi yaseVietnam," kusho ukuthi iVietnam inesibopho, lapho kuseFrance bese kuba yi-US eyaqala futhi yandisa. Eqinisweni, "yimpi yase-US eVietnam."
Naphezu kwamandla ayo, ifilimu inobuthakathaka obuningana, engizoxoxa ngayo kathathu:
Okokuqala, indima yenhlangano emelene nempi yase-Vietnamese e-US kusukela ekuqaleni kwawo-'70s kuqhubeke ayikho nhlobo efilimini. Ukusabalala kwenhlangano elwa nempi engxenyeni eseningizimu yeVietnam kuncane kakhulu.
Okwesibili, ngenkathi idokhumentari ikhuluma ngo-Agent Orange ngokudlula izikhathi ezimbalwa, ayinaki imiphumela yezempilo elimazayo kubo bobabili abantu baseVietnam nabase-US kanye nezingane zabo nabazukulu kusukela ngo-1975 kuze kube manje. Lolu wudaba izigidi zemindeni eziyinakayo futhi luyingxenye ebalulekile yenqubo yokubuyisana ifilimu elubabazayo.
UCongresswoman uBarbara Lee uxhase i-HR 334, The Victims of Agent Orange Relief Act ka-2017, ukuze kuqalwe isibopho sikahulumeni wase-US sokubhekana nalesi sidingo.
Okwesithathu, amazwi abantu abancane baseVietnam baseMelika, kanye nabalingani babo baseCambodian naseLaotian, imindeni yabo esahlushwa imiphumela yokuxoshwa nokuhlukunyezwa, awazwakali.
Izimpi azipheli lapho amabhomu eyeka futhi ukulwa kunqamuka. Ukucekelwa phansi kuyaqhubeka kudala, ezweni nasezingqondweni nasemizimbeni yabantu abathintekile. Lokhu kuyiqiniso eVietnam, e-US phakathi komakadebona baseVietnam, imiphakathi yaseVietnamese-, Cambodian- kanye neLao-American, futhi ikakhulukazi phakathi kwezisulu ezincane zempi ezisahlushwa ukukhubazeka okuhlobene ne-Agent Orange.
-
UDkt Ngô Thanh Nhàn unguzakwethu kanye nomqondisi osebenzisana naye weCentre for Vietnamese Philosophy, Culture & Society of Temple University. Uyilungu lebhodi le-Institute for Vietnamese Culture & Education, kanye ne-Mekong NYC (ehlela imiphakathi yama-indochinese e-NYC). Ubeyilungu elisungula i-Peeling the Banana esikhathini esedlule kanye ne-Mekong Arts & Music, amaqoqo obuciko obudlalwayo aseNew York Asian American.
UDkt. Nhàn wayengumsunguli we-Union of Vietnamese e-US, ephikisana nempi yase-US eVietnam (1972-1977), umsunguli nomholi we-Association of Patriotic Vietnamese e-US, esekela ukuthula okuhlala njalo eVietnam (1977-1981 ), kanye nomsunguli we-Association of Vietnamese e-US, ye-US-Vietnam normalization of relationships (1981-1995). Njengamanje ungumdidiyeli nomsunguli wenhlangano I-Vietnam Agent Orange Relief & Responsibility Campaign.
Le ndaba ingxenye yochungechunge lwe-WHYY ihlola ukuthi i-United States, emashumini amane eminyaka kamuva, isaqhuba kanjani iMpi YaseVietnam. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nesihloko, bukela idokhumentari yezingxenye ezingu-10 ka-Ken Burns no-Lynn Novicks ethi “The Vietnam War.” WHYY amalungu azobe enwebe ukufinyelela lapho kudingeka khona ochungechungeni esebenzisa KUNGANI Iphasiphothi kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-2017.
