by Izindaba ze-CO-OP, Ngo-September 17, i-2021
U-Ernst Friedrich (1894-1967)
U-Ernst Friedrich, umsunguli we-Anti-War Museum eBerlin, wazalwa ngoFebhuwari 25, 1894 eBreslau. Kakade eminyakeni yakhe yokuqala wayehlanganyela enhlanganweni yentsha yama-proletarian. Ngo-1911, ngemuva kokuyeka umsebenzi wokuphrinta, waba yilungu leSocial Democratic Party (SPD). Ngo-1916 wajoyina intsha elwa nezempi futhi wagwetshwa ejele ngemuva kwesenzo sokucekela phansi enkampanini ebaluleke kakhulu kwezempi.
Njengomuntu ohamba phambili we-anarchism yentsha «walwa nempi kanye nempi, walwa namacala angenacala ngamaphoyisa nobulungiswa. Ngo-1919 wathatha isikhungo sentsha se- »Free Socialist Youth« (FSJ) eBerlin futhi wasiphendula saba yindawo yokuhlangana yentsha elwa nobushiqela nabaculi abavukelayo.
Ngaphandle kokuhlela imibukiso wayehamba eJalimane futhi wanikeza izinkulumo zomphakathi efunda ababhali abalwa nempi nabakhululekile njengo-Erich Mühsam, uMaxim Gorki, uFjodor Dostojewski noLeo Tolstoi.
Eminyakeni yamashumi amabili u-Ernst Friedrich owayelwela impi yezempi wayesevele aziwa kakhulu eBerlin ngencwadi yakhe ethi "War against War!« Ngenkathi evula i-Anti-War Museum yakhe e-29, eParochial Street. Umnyuziyamu waba yisikhungo semisebenzi yamasiko ne-pacifist yaze yacekelwa phansi ngamaNazi ngoMashi 1933 kwathi umsunguli wayo waboshwa.
Incwadi kaFriedrich »Impi yokulwa neMpi!« (1924) iyincwadi yezithombe ethusayo ebhala ngokushaqisa kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala. Kwamenza waba ngumuntu owaziwayo ngaphakathi nangaphandle kweJalimane. Ngenxa yomnikelo wakwazi ukuthenga ibhilidi elidala eBerlin lapho asungula khona i- »First International Anti-War Museum«.
Ngemuva kokuba esejele vele ngaphambi kokuba uFriedrich onakaliswe ngokwezezimali ngenkathi etholwa enecala futhi ngo-1930. Yize kunjalo wakwazi ukuletha ingobo yomlando wakhe oyigugu phesheya.
NgoMashi 1933 amasosha ezikhukhula amaNazi, okwakuthiwa yi-SA, acekela phansi i-Anti-War Museum kwathi uFriedrich waboshwa waze waphela lowo nyaka. Ngemuva kwalokho yena nomndeni wakhe bathuthela eBelgium, lapho afike wavula khona »II. Isikhungo Sokuvikela Impi «. Lapho amasosha aseJalimane engena wajoyina iFrench Resistance. Ngemuva kokukhululwa kweFrance waba yisakhamuzi saseFrance futhi waba yilungu leSocialist Party.
Ngenkokhelo yesinxephezelo ayithola eGermany uFriedrich wakwazi ukuthenga isiqeshana somhlaba ngaseParis, lapho asungula khona lokho okwakuthiwa yi »Ile de la Paix«, isikhungo sokuthula nokuqondana kwamazwe omhlaba lapho amaqembu entsha aseJalimane nawaseFrance engahlangana khona. Ngo-1967 u-Ernst Friedrich washona eLe Perreux sur Marne.
I-Anti-War Museum yanamuhla ikhumbula u-Ernst Friedrich nendaba yomnyuziyamu wakhe enamashadi, amaslayidi namafilimu.
https://www.anti-kriegs-museum.de/english/start1.html
I-Anti-Kriegs-Museum eV
IBruesseler Str. 21
I-D-13353 Berlin
Ifoni: 0049 030 45 49 01 10
vula nsuku zonke 16.00 - 20.00 (futhi nangeSonto nangamaholide)
Ngokuvakashelwa ngamaqembu shayela naku-0049 030 402 86 91
