Impi Engapheli Iyinhlekelele (Kodwa Iyazuzisa) Ibhizinisi

NguLawrence Wilkerson, ngoFebhuwari 11, 2020

Kusukela Isibopho Esifanele

"Ukuwa kombuso waseLibya kube nemiphumela emibi esifundazweni sonke, nokuhamba kwabantu nezikhali kufake amanye amazwe kulo lonke elaseNyakatho Afrika." Lesi sitatimende siqhamuke kwi-Intelbrief yeSoufan Group esanda kubizwa, enesihloko esithi "Fighting over Access to Libya's Supplies" (24 Januwari 2020). 

Ngabe uyalalela, Barack Obama?

"Kunokubandlulula kuleliya dolobha [eWashington, DC] empini," kusho uMongameli Obama kimi nabanye abaningi ababebuthene eRoosevelt Room eWhite House ngoSepthemba 10, 2015, cishe iminyaka eyisikhombisa esikhundleni sakhe sokuba ngumongameli. Ngaleso sikhathi, ngangicabanga ukuthi wayecabanga ikakhulukazi ngephutha elibuhlungu alenzile ngokujoyina ukungenelela eLibya ngonyaka ka-2011, esebenzisa umthetho weZizwe Ezihlangene woMkhandlu Wezokuphepha 1973.

Unobhala wezwe lika-Obama, uJohn Kerry, ubehleli eceleni komongameli njengoba u-Obama ekhuluma. Ngikhumbula ngizibuza ngaleso sikhathi ukuthi ngabe ubemfundisela yini uKerry futhi akhale ngesinqumo sakhe, ngoba ngaleso sikhathi uKerry ubekade ebeka obala ukubamba iqhaza okukhulu kwe-US komunye futhi impi engapheli ngaleso sikhathi - futhi namanje - edlulisela eSyria. Kodwa-ke, u-Obama wayebonakala engenayo leyo.

Isizathu ukuthi ukungenelela kweLibya kuholele ekufeni komholi waseLibya kuphela, uMuammar Qaddafi - futhi kuqhubeke nokuhlaselwa kwempi ngesihluku nokuqhubekayo kokulwa kwesihloko esithi "ngubani obusa iLibya," simeme imibuso yangaphandle evela kulo lonke elaseMedithera. Joyina i-fray, futhi udale ukugeleza kokuphephela okubuthakathaka ngaphesheya kolwandle lwangaphakathi - kufaka nezikhali ezivela kwesinye sezingcweti zezingalo ezinkulu zomhlaba ezandleni zezinhlangano ezinjenge-ISIS, al-Qa'ida, Lashkar e-Taibi, nabanye . Ngaphezu kwalokho, eziningi zalezo zikhali ezake zaba elaseLibya zazisetshenziswa eSyria ngaleso sikhathi.

Ngaphambi kokunikeza indumiso edumazayo ngo-Obama esefunde isifundo sakhe futhi ngaleyo ndlela enganqumi ukungenelela eSyria ngendlela ebaluleke kakhulu, kudingeka sibuze lo mbuzo: Kungani abongameli benza izinqumo ezinje nge-Iraq, Libya, Somalia, Afghanistan kanye, kusasa mhlawumbe, Iran?

UMongameli Dwight Eisenhower waphendula lo mbuzo, ingxenye enkulu, ngonyaka we-1961: “Akumelwe sivumele isisindo sale nhlanganisela [yezempi-yezimboni] zibeke engcupheni inkululeko noma izinqubo zenqubo yethu yeningi. … Yisakhamuzi kuphela esiqaphelayo nesinolwazi esingaphoqa ukuthungwa okuyikho kwemishini enkulu yezokuvikela yezempi neyezempi ngezindlela nezinhloso zethu zokuthula. ”

Kalula nje, namuhla iMelika ayakhiwa isakhamuzi esiqaphile futhi esinolwazi, futhi iComplex eyachazwa ngokuqondile kangaka nge-Eisenhower, futhi ngezindlela ngisho ne-Eisenhower yayingacabangi, zibeka engcupheni inkululeko yethu nezinqubo zentando yeningi. IComplex idala “ukukhetha” okwachazwa nguMongameli u-Obama.  Ngaphezu kwalokho, namhlanje iCongress yaseMelika ishaqa iComplex - $ 738 billion kulo nyaka kanye nesikhwama semali esingakaze sibe yimali engaba yizigidi eziyizigidi ezingama-72 zamaRandi - kufinyelela lapho umbhali weComplex onempi usuphenduke khona, uhlala njalo, futhi, njengoba no-Eisenhower asho, " kuzwakala kuwo wonke amadolobha, kuzo zonke izindlu zombuso, kuwo wonke amahhovisi kaHulumeni. ”

Ngokuphathelene "nesakhamuzi esiqaphile nesinolwazi," umphumela hhayi kuphela esikhathi eside esibangelwa yimfundo efanelekile kepha esikhathini esifushane kuya kwesiphakathi ngokubekwa ikakhulu yi-"Fourth Estate", kukhona ukwehluleka okungekho emgodini kanjalo. 

I-Complex yezinhloso zayo eziningi ezingathandeki inemithombo yezindaba ebaluleke kakhulu, kusukela ephephandabeni lesizwe elibhalwe phansi, i-New York Times, kuya enhlokodolobha yesimanje yedolobha, iThe Washington Post, ephepheni lesivumelwano somphakathi wezezimali, iThe Wall Street Journal. Wonke la maphepha engxenye enkulu awakaze ahlangane nesinqumo sempi angasithandi. Kuphela lapho izimpi seziba “ezingapheli” lapho abanye babo bethola amanye amazwi abo - bese sekephuze kakhulu.

Ukungahanjiswa ngokushicilelwa kobuntatheli, imisakazo esezingeni eliphambili yeTV ifaka amakhanda akhulumayo, amanye akhokhelwa ngamalungu eComplex noma asechithe impilo yawo yobungcweti ngaphakathi kuwo, noma bobabili, ukubukisa ngezimpi ezahlukahlukene. Futhi, bathola kuphela amazwi abo abucayi lapho izimpi ziba ezingapheli, ngokusobala ziyalahleka noma zidilizwa, futhi kubiza kakhulu igazi nomcebo, futhi izilinganiso ezingcono zilele ohlangothini lokuphikisana nazo.

UMarine General Smedley Butler, othola iMedical of Honor okwesikhathi ezimbili, wake wavuma ukuthi "wayeyisigebengu sobukhapitali." Incazelo efanelekayo yezikhathi zikaButler ezinsukwini zokuqala zekhulu lama-20. Namuhla, noma kunjalo, noma yimuphi umbutho wezempi ufanele usawoti wakhe njengesakhamuzi kanye ne-Eisenhower - kuzofanela avume ukuthi nabo bayizigebengu zeComplex - ilungu eliphethe ikhadi likahulumeni wobukhokho, okufanele liqiniseke, kodwa yilowo nalowo inhloso, ngaphandle kokukhulisa inzuzo yabaninimasheya, inikezela ngokufa kwabanye ezandleni zombuso. 

Ngabe kanjani enye indlela yokuchaza ngokunemba amadoda - manje abesifazane - abagqoke izinkanyezi eziningi beya phambi kwabameli babantu eCongress futhi becela amanye amadola abakhokhintela? Futhi ukushaja okumsulwa kwesikhwama esishiwoyo, esaziwa ngokusemthethweni njengesikhwama se-Overseas Contingency Operations (OCO) futhi okufanele sisebenze ngokuqinile emisebenzini yezinkundla zempi yempi, kwenza inselelo yenqubo yesabelomali samasosha. Amalungu amaningi eCongress kufanele alengise amakhanda awo ngamahloni ngalokho akuvumelayo ukuthi kwenzeke minyaka yonke ngalesi sikhwama semali.

Futhi amazwi kaNobhala Wezokuvikela uMark Esper esikhungweni se-Strategic and International Study kuleli sonto, akhulunywa ngokusobala ukukhombisa "ukucabanga okusha" ePentagon maqondana nesabelomali, akukhombisi nhlobo ushintsho lwangempela kwisabelomali sezempi, ukugxila okusha nje - eyodwa ethembisa ukuthi ngeke inciphise ukuphuma kwemali kodwa ukuyinyusa. Kepha kunjalo, u-Esper akakhombisi ukuthi yikuphi okunye ukusolwa kulele khona njengoba emangalela iCongress ngokungezelela izicelo zesabelomali esezivele se-Pentagon: "Kudala ngitshela iPentagon iminyaka emibili nengxenye ukuthi izabelomali zethu ngeke zisaba ngcono - zikhona lapho zikukhona - ngakho-ke kufanele sibe ngabaphathi abangcono kakhulu bedola lomkhokhi wentela. … Futhi, uyazi, iCongress ikusekele ngokuphelele lokho. Kodwa-ke kuba khona lowo mzuzu ngesikhathi lapho ufika khona egcekeni labo, futhi kufanele nisebenzele lokho. ”

"[T] mzuzu ngesikhathi lapho ufika egcekeni labo", isimangalo esisitshekelwe nje ukuthi amalungu e-Congress ajwayele ukufaka isabelomali sePentagon ukuze anikeze ingulube ezifundeni zawo asekhaya (akekho ongcono kulokhu kuneSenethi UMholi Omkhulu uMitch McConnell, othe eminyakeni yakhe eminingi eSenate uhlinzeka izigidi zamarandi akhokha intela - kufaka ne-Defence - yezwe lakhe laseKentucky ukuqinisekisa ukubanjwa kwakhe isikhathi eside emandleni lapho. Futhi akayona mali ekutholeni imali evela abezokuvikela emkhankasweni wakhe wokukhankasela uMcConnell kungenzeka ahluke kwamanye amalungu eCongress ngendlela ebuyela eKentucky futhi azigqaje ngobuningi bengulube ayiletha minyaka yonke kuhulumeni wakhe ukuze asuse ububi bayo obandayo. izilinganiso zokungcolisa). 

Kepha u-Esper uqhubeke ngendlela ebabazisayo ethi: “Okwamanje usesikhathini. Sinecebo elisha. … Sisekelwa kakhulu yiCongress. … Kumele sivale igebe manje phakathi kwezinhlelo zeCold War-era kanye ne-anti-insurgency, umfutho ophansi weminyaka eyishumi edlule, futhi senze lokhu kube ngumncintiswano wamandla omkhulu neRussia ne China - China ngokuyinhloko. ”

Uma i-Cold War endala ilethe kwesinye isikhathi ukuqopha isabelomali sezempi, singalindela ukuthi impi entsha ebandayo neChina ikhiphe lawo manani ngama-oda obukhulu. Futhi ngubani owanquma ukuthi siyayidinga impi entsha ebandayo noma kunjalo?

Ungabheki okunye ukwedlula iComplex (okuvela kuyo u-Esper, hhayi ngokuzenzakalelayo, njengomunye wabaphehli abaphambili bakaRaytheon, ilungu le-Complex le-Complex). Enye yezinto ezaziwa ngokuthi yi-Complex's sine qua nons yilokho elikufundile cishe eminyakeni eyikhulu yempi ebandayo neSoviet Union: akukho lutho emhlabeni olukhokha ngendlela emnandi futhi engaguquguquki njengomzabalazo omude namandla amakhulu. Ngakho-ke, akukho mmeli oqinile, onamandla ngokwengeziwe wempi entsha ebandayo neChina - bese uphonsa iRussia ekuxubeni nayo ngamadola angeziwe - kuneComplex. 

Kodwa-ke, ekugcineni kosuku, umbono wokuthi i-US kumele isebenzise njalo ngonyaka imali ethe xaxa embuthweni wayo izizwe eziyisishiyagalombili ezalandela emhlabeni zahlangana, iningi labo elingabalingani baseMelika, kufanele bakhombise isakhamuzi esingakwazi nokuthi esingazisi kangako ukuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle. Qeda impi entsha ebandayo; kukhona okuthile okungalungile kakhulu.

Kepha ngokusobala amandla weComplex amane kakhulu. Impi nokulwa okwengeziwe kuyikusasa leMelika. Njengoba u-Eisenhower eshilo, “isisindo sale nhlanganisela” empeleni sibeka engcupheni inkululeko yethu kanye nezinqubo zentando yeningi.

Ukuzwisisa lokhu kucace bha, sidinga kuphela ukuhlola imizamo eyize eminyakeni embalwa eyedlule ukubuyisa amandla okwenza izimpi ezivela kugatsha oluphethe, igatsha okwathi lapho lihlomezwe amandla okwenza impi, njengoba uJames Madison asixwayisile, okungenzeka ukuthi ilethe ubushiqela.

UMadison, “ipeni” langempela ngenkathi kubhalwa uMthethosisekelo wase-US, waqiniseka ukuthi libeka amandla empi ezandleni zeCongress. Noma kunjalo, kusuka kuMongameli Truman kuya ku-Trump, cishe wonke umongameli wase-US uwususe ngandlela thile.

Imizamo yakamuva eyenziwe ngamalungu athile eCongress yokusebenzisa lamandla omthethosisekelo ukumane asuse iMelika empini enonya e-Yemen, iwele emandleni amangalisayo weComplex. Akukhathalekile ukuthi amabhomu nemicibisholo yeComplex iwela emabhasini ezikole, ezibhedlela, emngcwabeni womngcwabo nakweminye imisebenzi eyenzelwa umphakathi engenangozi kulelozwe elihlaselwe yimpi. Amadola athululela kumabhokisi e-Complex. Lokho kubalulekile. Konke lokho kubalulekile.

Kuzofika usuku lokubalwa; kuhlale kukhona ebudlelwaneni bezizwe. Amagama ama-hegemons wezwe wasemhlabeni aqoshwe ngokungaxhunyiwe ezincwadini zomlando. Ukusuka eRoma kuya eBrithani, aqoshwa lapho. Akukho lapho, nokho, kulotshwe khona ukuthi noma ngubani wabo usenathi namuhla. Zonke zingene othulini lomlando.

Ngakho-ke sizokwazi ngolunye usuku kungekudala, siholelwe lapho yiComplex nezimpi zayo ezingapheli.

U-Lawrence Wilkerson uyi-Army Colonel yaseMelika esethathe umhlalaphansi futhi owayeyinduna yabasebenzi kuNobhala Wezwe wase-United States uColin Powell.