nguMedea Benjamin noNicolas JS Davies, Okthoba 29, 2020
Esikhathini esingaphansi konyaka ngemuva kokuba i-United States kanye ne-United States esekelwa yi-Organisation of American States (OAS) beseke impi yamasosha enodlame yokuqumba phansi uhulumeni waseBolivia, abantu baseBolivia baphinde bakhetha iMovement for Socialism (MAS) kanye wayibuyisela emandleni.
Emlandweni omude "wezinguquko zombuso" osekelwa yi-US emazweni omhlaba, kuyaqabukela ukuba nabantu nezwe benqabe ngokuqinile nangentando yeningi imizamo yase-US yokuyalela ukuthi bazobuswa kanjani. UMengameli wesikhashana we-coup-coup uJeanine Añez kubikwa ukuthi ucele Ama-visa angama-350 ase-US yena nabanye abangase babhekane nokushushiswa eBolivia ngezindima zabo ekugumbuqeleni umbuso.
Ukulandisa kwe- a ukhetho olunzima Ku-2019 ukuthi i-US ne-OAS abathengise ukuxhasa ukukhishwa kombuso eBolivia kukhishwe ngokuphelele. Ukwesekwa kukaMAS ikakhulukazi kusuka kubomdabu baseBolivia emaphandleni, ngakho-ke kuthatha isikhathi eside ukuthi amavoti abo aqoqwe futhi abalwe kunalawo abahlali basemadolobheni abangcono abasekela abaphikisi abangakwesokudla beMAS, abaphikisana neoliberal.
Njengoba amavoti eza evela ezindaweni zasemakhaya, kunokushintshela ku-MAS ekubalweni kwamavoti. Ngokuzenza sengathi le patheni ebikezelayo nejwayelekile emiphumeleni yokhetho yaseBolivia kwakuwubufakazi bokukhwabanisa kokhetho e2019, i-OAS inesibopho sokwethula igagasi lodlame olubhekiswe kubasekeli bomdabu beMAS, ekugcineni, olunikeze kuphela i-OAS uqobo.
Kuyafundisa ukuthi ukuhlukunyezwa okwasekelwa yiMelika eBolivia kuholele emphumeleni wentando yeningi ukwedlula imisebenzi yokuguqula umbuso wase-US eyaphumelela ekususeni uhulumeni emandleni. Izinkulumompikiswano zasekhaya ngenqubomgomo yezangaphandle yase-US zivame ukucabanga ukuthi i-US inelungelo, noma isibopho, sokuphaka izikhali zamasosha, ezomnotho nezepolitiki ukuphoqelela ushintsho lwezepolitiki emazweni aphikisana nemiyalo yombuso wayo.
Ngokwenza lokhu, lokhu kusho ukuthi yimpi ephelele (njengase-Iraq nase-Afghanistan), a coup d'etat (njengaseHaiti ngo-2004, eHonduras ngo-2009 nase-Ukraine ngo-2014), izimpi ezifihlekile nezizimele (njengaseSomalia, eLibya, ISyria neYemen) noma isijeziso izigwegwe zomnotho (njengokulwa neCuba, i-Iran neVenezuela) - konke lokhu kwephula ubukhosi bamazwe ahlosiwe ngakho-ke akukho emthethweni ngaphansi komthetho wamazwe omhlaba.
Akunandaba ukuthi yiluphi uhlelo lokushintsha kombuso olusetshenziswe yi-US, lokhu kungenelela kwe-US akukwenzi impilo ibe ngcono kubantu banoma yiliphi lalawo mazwe, noma abanye abaningi esikhathini esedlule. Ukukhazimula kukaWilliam Blum Incwadi ye-1995, Ukubulala Ithemba: Ukungenelela Kwezempi Nase-CIA Zase-US Kusukela ngeMpi Yezwe II, izinhlu zokubusa zikahulumeni ezingama-55 zase-US zishintsha ukusebenza eminyakeni engama-50 phakathi kuka-1945 no-1995. Njengoba ukulandisa okuningiliziwe kukaBlum kucacisa, iningi lale misebenzi lalihilela imizamo yase-US yokususa ohulumeni abakhethwe kakhulu emandleni, njengaseBolivia, futhi kaningi esikhundleni sabo baphatha ubushiqela obusekelwa yi-US: njengo-Shah wase-Iran; Mobutu eCongo; USuharto e-Indonesia; noGeneral Pinochet eChile.
Noma uhulumeni oqondisiwe enodlame, ecindezela, ukungenelela kwe-US kuvame ukuholela odlameni olukhulu nakakhulu. Eminyakeni eyishumi nesishiyagalolunye ngemuva kokususa uhulumeni wamaTaliban e-Afghanistan, iMelika yehlile Amabhomu angama-80,000 nemicibisholo yabalwa nabalwi base-Afghanistan, yaqhuba amashumi ezinkulungwanebulala noma bamba”Ukuhlasela ebusuku, futhi impi isibulele amakhulu ezinkulungwane Abase-Afghans.
NgoDisemba 2019, iWashington Post yashicilela isitayela se- Imibhalo yePentagon kwembula ukuthi alukho lolu dlame olususelwe isu langempela lokuletha ukuthula noma uzinzo e-Afghanistan - konke kuluhlobo nje olunonyaukudonsa ndawonye, ”Njengoba kusho uJenene McChrystal wase-US. Manje uhulumeni wase-Afghanistan osekelwa yi-US ekugcineni usezingxoxweni zokuthula namaTaliban ngohlelo lokwabelana ngamandla kwezepolitiki lokuqeda le mpi "engapheli", ngoba yisixazululo sezepolitiki kuphela esinganikeza i-Afghanistan nabantu bayo ikusasa elinamandla, elinokuthula. ukuthi amashumi eminyaka empi abalahlile.
ELibya, sekuphele iminyaka eyisishiyagalolunye i-US kanye ne-NATO kanye ne-Arab monarchist allies baqala impi yommeleli exhaswa yi-a ukuhlasela okucashile kanye nomkhankaso we-NATO wokuqhuma kwamabhomu oholele esodomy esabekayo futhi ukubulawa womholi waseLibya omelene nesikhathi samakholoni, uMuammar Gaddafi. Lokho kungene eLibya ezinxushunxushwini nasempini yombango phakathi kwamabutho ahlukahlukene ama-proxy i-US kanye nabalingani bayo abahlomile, abaqeqesha futhi basebenza ngayo ukuketula uGaddafi.
A uphenyo lwasephalamende e-UK ithole ukuthi, "ukungenelela okunqunyelwe ukuvikela izakhamizi kwangena enqubweni yosomathuba yokuguqulwa kombuso ngezindlela zamasosha," okwaholela “ekuweni kwepolitiki nakwezomnotho, impi yamabutho ahlukahlukene kanye nezizwe ezahlukahlukene, izimpi zosizo nezabafuduki, zisabalele ukwephulwa kwamalungelo abantu, ukusabalala kwezikhali zombuso kaGaddafi esifundeni sonke nokukhula kwe-Isil [Islamic State] enyakatho ye-Afrika. ”
Amaqembu ahlukahlukene alwayo eLibya manje ahlanganyela ezingxoxweni zokuthula okuhloswe ngazo ukuba kumiswe unomphela futhi, ngokusho kumthunywa we-UN “obambe ukhetho lukazwelonke ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu sokubuyisa ubukhosi baseLibya” —ubukhosi uqobo obabhujiswa ukungenelela kweNATO.
Umeluleki wezinqubomgomo zamazwe angaphandle weSenenja uBernie Sanders uMatthew Duss ucele abaphathi base-US abalandelayo ukuthi benze a ukubuyekeza okuphelele kwe-post-9/11 "War on Terror," ukuze ekugcineni sikwazi ukuvula ikhasi kulesi sahluko esinegazi emlandweni wethu.
UDuss ufuna ikhomishini ezimele ukwahlulela le minyaka engamashumi amabili yempi ngokususelwa “ezindinganisweni zomthetho wamazwe omhlaba wokusiza i-United States eyasiza ukuwumisa ngemuva kweMpi Yezwe II,” echazwe eMhlanganweni Wezizwe ne-Geneva Convention. Unethemba lokuthi lokhu kubuyekezwa “kuzoshukumisa impikiswano enamandla yomphakathi ngezimo neziphathimandla zezomthetho lapho i-United States isebenzisa udlame lwezempi ngaphansi kwayo.”
Ukubuyekezwa okunje kudlulelwe yisikhathi futhi kudingeka kabi, kepha kufanele kubhekane neqiniso lokuthi, kusukela ekuqaleni kwayo, i- "War on Terror" yenzelwe ukuvikela ukwanda okukhulu kwemisebenzi yase-US "yenguquko yombuso" ibhekene namazwe ahlukahlukene , iningi lawo lalilawulwa ohulumeni bezwe abangahlangene nakancane nokwanda kwe-Al Qaeda noma ubugebengu bangoSepthemba 11.
Amanothi athathwe yisikhulu sezinqubomgomo esiphezulu uStephen Cambone emhlanganweni owawusePentagon esonakalisiwe futhi ebhemayo ntambama ngoSepthemba 11, 2001 efingqa uNobhala Wezokuvikela Imiyalo kaRumsfeld ukuthola “… ulwazi oluhamba phambili ngokushesha. Umahluleli ukuthi ushaye kahle yini uSH [Saddam Hussein] ngasikhathi sinye - hhayi i-UBL kuphela [Osama Bin Laden]… Iya phambili. Shanela konke. Izinto ezihlobene hhayi. ”
Ngezindleko zobudlova obusabekayo bamasosha kanye nokulimala kwabantu abaningi, umbuso wobuphekula owumphumela womhlaba wonke ufake ohulumeni abangavumelekile emazweni omhlaba wonke abonakalise ukuthi bakhohlakele kakhulu, abasemthethweni futhi abakwazi ukuvikela indawo yabo nabantu babo ukwedlula ohulumeni i-US izenzo zisusiwe. Esikhundleni sokuhlanganisa nokwandisa amandla ombuso wase-US njengoba kuhlosiwe, lokhu kusetshenziswa okungekho emthethweni nokulimazayo kokuphoqelelwa kwezempi, ezombusazwe kanye nezezimali kube nomphumela ophambene, kusale i-US ihlale yodwa futhi ingenamandla ezweni eliguqukayo lezindawo eziningi.
Namuhla, i-US, iChina kanye ne-European Union zilingana cishe ngosayizi wezomnotho wazo kanye nokuhwebelana kwamazwe omhlaba, kepha nomsebenzi wazo ohlanganisiwe ungaphansi kwengxenye yomhlaba jikelele umsebenzi wezomnotho futhi ukuhweba kwangaphandle. Awekho amandla ombuso owodwa olawula ezomnotho emhlabeni wanamuhla njengoba abaholi baseMelika abazethemba ngokweqile babenethemba lokuthi bazokwenza ekupheleni kweMpi Yomshoshaphansi, futhi akuhlukaniswa ngomzabalazo kanambambili phakathi kwemibuso eyimbangi njengangesikhathi seMpi Yomshoshaphansi. Lona ngumhlaba onama-multipolar esivele sihlala kuwo, hhayi owodwa ongavela esikhathini esithile ngokuzayo.
Lo mhlaba onamakhompiyutha amaningi ubulokhu uqhubekela phambili, wenza izivumelwano ezintsha ezinkingeni zethu ezivame kakhulu, kusuka kunuzi kanye nezikhali ezivamile zenkinga yesimo sezulu kumalungelo abesifazane nezingane. Ukwephulwa okuhlelekile kwe-United States komthetho wamazwe omhlaba nokwenqaba izivumelwano zamazwe amaningi bakwenze wakha phezulu futhi waba yinkinga, impela hhayi umholi, njengoba osopolitiki baseMelika besho.
UJoe Biden ukhuluma ngokubuyisa ubuholi bamazwe aseMelika uma ekhethwa, kepha lokho kuzoba lula ukushiwo kunokukwenza. Umbuso waseMelika wakhuphukela ebuholini bamazwe ngamazwe ngokusebenzisa amandla abo kwezomnotho nakwezempi ekusekeleni imithetho ukuhleleka kwamazwe omhlaba engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu lama-20, eyagcina ngemithetho yangemva kweMpi Yezwe II yomthetho wamazwe omhlaba. Kodwa i-United States iye yonakala kancane kancane phakathi neMpi Yomshoshaphansi kanye nangemva kwempi ebandayo yaba umbuso ovuthayo, owonakele manje osongela umhlaba ngemfundiso “yamandla alungile” nokuthi “indlela yami noma umgwaqo omkhulu.”
Ngenkathi kukhethwa uBarack Obama ngo-2008, umhlaba omningi wawusabona uBush, uCheney kanye ne- “War on Terror” njengokuhlukile, kunokujwayelekile okusha emigomeni yaseMelika. U-Obama uzuze umklomelo weNobel Peace Prize osuselwa ezinkulumweni ezimbalwa nasemathemba amakhulu emhlabeni okuthi kube “nomongameli wokuthula.” Kepha iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili ka-Obama, Biden, Terror ngoLwesibili futhi Bulala Uhlu kwalandela iminyaka emine kaTrump, uPence, izingane ezisemakhejini kanye neNew Cold War neChina sekuqinisekisile ukwesaba okukhulu emhlabeni ukuthi uhlangothi olumnyama lobukhosi baseMelika obubonwe ngaphansi kukaBush noCheney aluzange luphambuke.
Phakathi nezinguquko zombuso waseMelika nezimpi ezilahlekile, ubufakazi obubambekayo bokuzibophezela kwabo okubonakala kungenakunyakaziswa ebudloveni nasempini ukuthi i-US Military-Industrial Complex isachitha isikhathi eziyishumi ngobukhulu ezilandelayo amandla ezempi emhlabeni ehlangene, ngokusobala kuzo zonke izingxenye ezidingwa yiMelika ngokusemthethweni.
Ngakho-ke izinto zikakhonkolo okufanele sizenze uma sifuna ukuthula ukumisa ukuqhuma kwamabhomu nokujezisa omakhelwane bethu nokuzama ukuketula ohulumeni babo; ukuhoxisa amabutho amaningi aseMelika nokuvala izizinda zamasosha emhlabeni jikelele; kanye nokunciphisa amabutho ethu ahlomile kanye nesabelomali sethu samasosha kulokho esikudinga ngempela ukuvikela izwe lethu, hhayi ukulwa izimpi ezingekho emthethweni zokulwa phakathi komhlaba.
Ngenxa yabantu emhlabeni wonke abakha ukunyakaza okukhulu ukuketula imibuso yengcindezelo nabalwela ukwakha izinhlobo ezintsha zokubusa ezingezona iziphathimandla zemibuso emisha ehlulekile, kufanele simise uhulumeni wethu - noma ngabe ngubani oseWhite House - izama ukuphoqelela intando yayo.
Ukunqoba kweBolivia mayelana noshintsho lombuso osekelwa yi-US kungukuqina kwamandla abantu abasafufusa bezwe lethu elisha lama-multipolar, futhi nomzabalazo wokuyisa i-US esikhathini esizayo sombuso uyabazuzisa nabantu baseMelika. Njengoba umholi waseVenezuela ongasekho uHugo Chavez ake watshela ithimba laseMelika elalivakashile ukuthi, “Uma sisebenza ngokubambisana nabantu abacindezelwe ngaphakathi e-United States ukunqoba umbuso, ngeke sizikhulule thina kuphela, kodwa futhi nabantu bakaMartin Luther King.”
UMedea Benjamin ungumsunguli we CODEPINK for Peace, kanye nombhali wezincwadi eziningana, kufaka phakathi Umbuso Wabangalungile: Ngokwe-US-Saudi Connection futhi Ngaphakathi kwe-Iran: Umlando Wangempela Nezombusazwe zeRiphabhuliki YamaSulumane yase-Iran. UNicolas JS Davies uyintatheli ezimele, umcwaningi noCODEPINK, nombhali we Igazi Ngezandla Zethu: Ukuhlasela KweMelika nokubhujiswa kwe-Iraq.
