IV. SIFUNA UKUPHUMA IMpi

Uma sifuna impi iqede, kuzodingeka sisebenze ukuyiqeda. Ngisho noma ucabanga ukuthi impi iyancipha, ngeke iqhubeke ukwenza kanjalo ngaphandle komsebenzi. Futhi uma nje kukhona impi, kukhona ingozi enkulu yempi egcwele. Izimpi ziyazi ukuthi kunzima ukulawula uma seziqalile. Njengoba izikhali zenuzi emhlabeni (kanye nezitshalo zenuzi njengezinhloso ezikhona), noma yikuphi ukulwa kwempi kubeka ingozi ye-apocalypse. Ukwenza impi kanye nokulungiswa kwempi kubhubhisa indawo yethu yemvelo futhi kuphazamise izinsizakalo kusukela emzamweni wokukhulula ongase ukwazi ukulondoloza isimo sezulu. Njengendaba yokusinda, impi namalungiselelo empi kumele aqedwe ngokuphelele, futhi isuswe ngokushesha.

Sidinga ukunyakaza okungafani nokunyakaza okudlulile okuphikisana nempi ngayinye elandelanayo noma ngokumelene nesikhali ngasinye esihlaselayo. Sidinga ukunyakaza, njengoJudith Hand noPaul Chappell noDavid Hartsough nabanye abaningi abaye bahlongozwa, ukuze kuqedwe impi yonke. Sidinga imfundo, inhlangano, nokuvuselela. Futhi sidinga izinguquko zesakhiwo ukuze wenze lezi zinyathelo zibe namandla kakhulu.

Ukuqeda ukulwa kwempi yi-United States kanye nabalingani bayo bekuyohamba isikhathi eside kakhulu ekupheleni kwempi emhlabeni jikelele. Kulabo abahlala e-United States, okungenani, indawo yokuqala ukuqeda impi ingaphakathi kukahulumeni wethu. Singakwazi ukusebenza kulokhu kanye nabantu abahlala eduze kwezempi zase-US-okuyinto engamaphesenti amakhulu abantu emhlabeni.

Ukuqeda impi yase-US ngeke kuqede impi emhlabeni wonke, kodwa kuzoqeda ukucindezela okushayela ezinye izizwe eziningana ukuze kwandiswe ukusetshenziswa kwempi. Kuzobamba i-NATO yommeli wayo oholayo futhi obambe iqhaza elikhulu empini. Kuzoqeda ukutholakala kwezikhali ezinkulu eNtshonalanga ye-Asia (aka eMpumalanga Ephakathi) nakwezinye izindawo. Izosusa isithiyo esikhulu ekuhlanganiseni kweKorea. Kuzokwenza ukuzimisela kwe-US ukusekela izinkontileka zezikhali, ukujoyina iNkantolo Yomthetho Yomthetho Wobugebengu, futhi uvumele iNhlangano yeziZwe ukuba ihambisane nenhloso yayo ecacisiwe yokuqeda impi. Kuzokwenza umhlaba ube mahhala wezizwe ezisongela ukusetshenziswa kokuqala kwama-nukes, futhi izwe lapho izikhali zenuzi zingase ziqhubeke khona ngokushesha. Kube yisizwe esikhulu sokugcina esisebenzisa amabhomu eqoqo noma ukwenqaba ukuvinjelwa izimayini zomhlaba. Uma i-United States ikhathaza umkhuba wempi, impi ngokwayo yayiyobhekana nokuhlushwa okukhulu futhi okungenzeka kuyingozi.

Ngakho-ke, sifika kanjani lapha?

Sidinga ukushintshwa kwesiko lethu kude nokwamukelwa kwempi, futhi sidinga izinguquko ezisekelayo ezisisiza ukuba sifike lapho. Ukuphikisana nempi yase-US eSiriya ngenkathi lokhu kubhala kuye kwaba nemibuthano encane kunaleyo eyayibanjwe ku-2003 ngokumelene nempi eholwa yi-US e-Iraq, kodwa ukwesekwa okukhulu emiphakathini, ukusekelwa okukhulu ngaphakathi kwezempi kanye nohulumeni nokuqonda okwengeziwe yizikhulu ezikhethiwe. Lokhu kuyingxenye umphumela wamashumi ayishumi edlule wokuhlela nokufundisa. Umsebenzi omningi owawubonakala ungelusizo kubantu ngaleso sikhathi uye ukhokha ngokwemigomo yokushintsha isimo sengqondo esidlangalaleni, cishe ukuzalwa kabusha kweVietnam Syndrome, uma kungenjalo impela ukulwa nokulwa kwempi ye-1920s.

Ukuthatha inzuzo ngaphandle kwempi, kanye nenkohlakalo ngaphandle kokhetho, ziyizinyathelo ezihlukene zokufundisa abantu ekuqedeni kwempi. Kodwa yizinyathelo ezenza kube lula ukuqeda. Ukwakha uMnyango Wokuthula noma okwenza izinketho zezombusazwe zivelele esinye isinyathelo. Ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo zethu zokuxhumana nezemfundo njengamanye kuzoba ngcono ekunyameni kokuthula. Ukuthuthukiswa kwezindaba ezizimele, nezinyathelo zokuqeda ikhamera yezokuxhumana yenkampani kubalulekile ekupheleni kwempi. Ukuhwebelana kwabafundi kanye namasiko nabantu abavela ezizweni ezibhekiswe ohlwini lwePentagon (i-Syria, i-Iran, iNyakatho Korea, iChina, iRussia, njll) izohamba ngendlela ende ekubhekaneni nokwakhiwa kwempi kulezo zimpi ezizayo.

Kudingeka sikhumbule ukucabanga, hhayi ngemibuso ebizwa ngokuthi idala impi ngokwazo ngokuqondile, kodwa ngokwezinto ezibangela ukwamukelwa kwempi emphakathini wethu. Ngakho-ke, okuhloswe ngakho okuyinhloko yizinkolelo zamanga, inkulumo-ze, uhlelo lwezokuxhumana oluphukile. Impi ayikwenzi ukukhiqiza ubandlululo, futhi ubandlululo abukwenzeli impi. Kodwa ukucabanga kobandlululo kwenza abanye bethu nabangane bethu bakwamukele ngokwengeziwe izimpi eziphikisana nabantu abahlukene. Yiqiniso, kudingeka siqede ukucwasa ubandlululo, ngaphandle kokubambisana kwabo empini. Kodwa umkhankaso wokuqeda impi udinga ukuthatha umnikelo wobandlululo kuwo ngaphandle kokucabanga ukuthi impi ilandela nje ukucwasa ubandlululo (umqondo ongadlulisela wonke umkhankaso wokulwa nompi emkhankasweni wokulwa nobuhlanga).

I-logic efanayo isebenza kwezinye izici eziningi. Uma ubufakazi bubonisa ukuthi ukukhulelwa kwengane empofu kanye nemfundo empofu kubambelela ekucindezelweni kwabantu ekuphatheni igunya noma ekusekeleni izinqubomgomo zomphakathi ezinobudlova, lezo zici kudingeka zibhekiswe, njengoba kufanele zibhekiswe noma kunjalo ngezizathu eziningi. Kodwa emkhankasweni wokuqeda impi ayikho into engathatha indawo yokugqugquzela ukuqeda impi. Ukubambisana nobugebengu, ngendlela ethile, kungase kube yinto ebambe iqhaza ekwenzeni impi, kodwa impi ingakapheli iminyaka eyishumi nambili. Imibono mayelana nobukhulu nobuqhawe ingase ibambe iqhaza embusweni, kodwa kusukela ngenkathi impi eyeke ukubandakanya ukulwa ngesandla, akubanga lutho oluyindoda ngemisebenzi yamasosha. Abesifazane nabangqingili baye bahlanganiswa empini yase-US ngokushelela kahle kunokuba isosha libikezelwe. Asikho isidingo sokuhlehlisa ububi, kodwa ukushintsha izindlela ezithile zokucabanga ngokuhlonipha owesilisa cishe kuzosiza. Kuzwakala sengathi ihlekisayo, kodwa ukuphikisana okuholela ekuhlaseleni iSiriya ngo-Agasti-Septemba 2013 kwakuyisivikelo sobubhongo bukaMongameli Obama, njengoba nje esasongela "imiphumela" ngaphambili uma izikhali zamakhemikhali zisetshenziswa.

Lokhu kungashintsha njengokungathi izimpi zizolwa namarobhothi. Singase siyeke ukucabanga ngempi yokushayela impi njengemvelo yezidalwa eziphambili. Singaba kuhle ukuqhubeka futhi sishintshe ukucabanga kwethu manje. Amandla okushayela izimpi ahlanganisa nalabo abaphezulu kakhulu kuhulumeni, futhi nathi sonke esivumela ukuba baphume ngokuziphatha kwabo.

Ngalokhu kuqonda, kufanele sibheke konke noma izingxenye zokucwaswa kwabantu, ubuzwe, inkolo, ukuthanda izinto ezibonakalayo ngokweqile, ukwesaba, ukuhaha, inzondo, ukuqhosha kwamanga, ukulalela okungaboni, ukulimaza kwemvelo, ukungabi nabubele, ukungabi nomphakathi, ukudumisa impi, ukungabi nalutho lokudumisa abaphikisi nabaphikisi, imibono yezempi yobuningi, nazo zonke ezinye izinto ezibonakala sengathi zibangela ukwamukelwa kwempi. Le mizamo iyophumelela kuphela ngokuhambisana nokuhlaselwa okungekho emthethweni kokuvuma impi-yilokho okushiwo le ncwadi ukuba yingxenye. Futhi impumelelo ekuqedeni ukwamukelwa kwempi iyohamba ibanga elide kolunye uhlangothi, ekusizeni ukunciphisa ukwesaba, ukucwaswa kwabantu, ukulimaza kwemvelo, njll.

Angikwazi ukusho ngokuqinisekile ukuthi ukunika amandla abesifazane-ngisho inqwaba, hhayi ukubonakaliswa-kungadambisa impi. I-United States yavotela abesifazane esikhathini eside ngaphambi kokuba iSwitzerland yenze, futhi siyazi ukuthi yisiphi isizwe esine-bellicose ngaphezulu. Kodwa ngokucacile izinguquko ezinike amandla wonke umuntu ngokulinganayo futhi azivumeli noma yiziphi izikhulu ezizosiza imizamo yethu ngokumelene nemishini yempi. Ukunika amandla wonke umuntu ngokulingana kuyosho ukunika amandla abesifazane. Futhi ukunika amandla abesifazane kuzoshukumisela noma yikuphi umphakathi ngokuqondisa ukunika amandla wonke umuntu ngokulinganayo.

Ezinye izinguquko zizozuzisa zonke izinhlobo zobudlova, kuhlanganise nokulwa nokulwa kwempi. Ukuhambisa imali emabhange amakhulu kuya kubambisene, ukukhuthaza ubunikazi bezisebenzi zomsebenzi, nokuthuthukisa izakhiwo zomnotho nezombusazwe zendawo kuzosiza. Ngenkathi sidinga umthetho womhlaba wonke, asidingi ukudluliswa kwemisebenzi eminingi kahulumeni kude nakakhulu nabantu, kodwa kunalokho ukuhlanekezela. Sidinga intando yeningi enkulu kusuka ezingeni lendawo phezulu, ngokulawula okukhulu kwendawo ngenqubomgomo enkulu yomphakathi.

Ukuvala amajele-esinye isikhungo esidinga isidingo esikhulu sokunyakaza-ngokuqinisekile sizosiza. Izishoshovu eziningi ezingase zibe khona zivaliwe, futhi abaningi abasishoshovu bangasongelwa njengokungathi beyizigebengu. Ukuyeka ukunquma izidakamizwa ezinganeni eziphikisana neziphathimandla azikwazanga ukulimaza. Ithelevishini encane, imidlalo embalwa yevidiyo, isikhathi esiningi kude namafoni-konke lokho kungenza umehluko. Ukulondeka okukhulu kwezomnotho, uma singayithola, kungasiza ngisho-nakuba ukuphelelwa yisikhathi nakho kunezinzuzo zayo njengokugqugquzela ukusebenza.

Ukuguqulwa endleleni yethu yokucabanga ngathi kanye nemithwalo yethu yemfanelo kuyisihluthulelo. Kufanele siqonde ukuthi imibono yethu yabelana kanjani nabanye. Ngokuvamile sincane kakhulu kunalokho esikucabanga. Ngokuvamile singabantu abaningi aboniswa njengabancane abancane abezindaba. (Iningi lethu liphikisana nokwenza impi yase-US eSiriya, kodwa imibukiso yezobuchwepheshe ithelevishini idlulisa amanga ukuthi cishe wonke umuntu akavumelani nathi.) Kufanele futhi siqonde ukuthi ukuvuthwa okusebenzayo kaningi kangakanani. Futhi kufanele sifunde ukwenza isenzo esivela esimweni sokungaboni ngaso sonke isikhathi samandla, ngaphandle kokuzicabangela noma ukuhlehlisa.

Ingozi Yokulalela

Ukusekelwa kweMpi ngokuvamile kuvame ukusekela umqondo wokuthembela nokulalela abaongameli nezinye izikhulu. Ngisho nabantu abavame ukulahla ukungathembeki nokungahambi kahle kwezombangazwe, uma kuziwa empini (kanye ne-aura yayo yobuzwe) bengafuni ukuthi samukele izinqubomgomo ezimbi ngenxa yesimangalo esingenakunqotshwa esilandelwayo ngesisekelo sobufakazi obuyimfihlo obugcinwe kithi okuhle kwethu. Ukulalela kubonakala njengobungcweti emasosheni, futhi abantu abangekho emasosheni baqala ukukhuluma njengokungathi ubuhle babo. Baqala ukukhuluma "nomphathi wabo oyinhloko" kunokuba umengameli wabo. Baqala ukukholelwa ukuthi izakhamizi kufanele zivale futhi zenze njengoba zitshelwe futhi zicatshangelwe njengoba zitshelwe ukuthi zicabange, kunokuba ziphathe izwe futhi ziphoqele izinceku zikahulumeni ukukhonza umphakathi. Bathi: "Unathi noma ulwa nathi," bathi, ukukhohlwa ukuthi umuntu angafuna ukuphendula kuhulumeni kahulumeni ngaphandle kokusekela ukuhlasela okubudlova ngamandla angaphandle.

Ukulalela kuyingozi. Uma uneminyaka emibili ubudala iseduze ukugijima phambi kwemoto, sicela ukhale "yima!" Nethemba lokulalela okuningi ngangokunokwenzeka. Kodwa uma ukhula, ukulalela kwakho kufanele kube njalo kunemibandela. Uma kubonakala sengathi umkhandi wenkosi ufundisa ukuthi ulungise isidlo sakusihlwa esibuhlungu kepha ufuna ukuba ulalele imiyalelo yakhe yokholo, ungase ukhethe kahle ukwenza kanjalo, ucabange ukuthi ingozi ingabekezeleleka. Uma, noma kunjalo, umpheki uyakutshela ukuthi unqume umunwe wakho omncane, futhi uyakwenza, lokho kuyoba uphawu oluqinisekile lokuthi unenkinga yokulalela.

Lokhu akuyona ingozi encane noma engcolile. Iningi lamavolontiya ekuhlolweni lizimisele ukwenza lokho okukholelwa ukuthi ubuhlungu obukhulu noma ukufa kwabanye abantu lapho usosayensi ebatshela ukuthi benze kanjalo okuhle kwesayensi. Lezi zivame ukubizwa ngokuthi yi-Milgram, futhi ubuhlungu noma ukufa kufakwe abalingisi. Wayengumdlali ozenza sengathi usosayensi ukutshela amavolontiya ukuba anqume iminwe yabo encane, ngibheka ukuthi ngeke bakwenze. Kodwa bazimisele ukwenza okubi nakakhulu komunye umuntu. Umthetho omuhle we-Golden Golden umelene nalokhu kuntuleka, kodwa kunjalo ukumelana nokulalela okungaboni. Ukuhlupheka okuningi emhlabeni akudalwanga ngabanye abazimele, kodwa ngobuningi babantu abalalela lapho kufanele balwe.

Ithimba lezokuzivikela laseCentral Manning lizama ukumchazela ukuthi uhulumeni wahlukumeza ubugebengu obuningi ngenxa yecala lakhe lokuzikhandla. Kodwa izinkulungwane eziningi zabantu zafinyelela ulwazi olufanayo futhi zahluleka ukuzenza umphakathi. Ngokuqinisekile singakwazi, ngezizathu ezingaphezu kwalokho, siwaxilonge njengokuhlupheka kwe-Blind Obedience Disorder.

Khumbula ukudabuka kwe-drone pilot okukhulunywe ngenhla. Usizi lwakhe alukona ukuzama, kepha konke okuyiqiniso. Kufanele sicabange ngokuthi singazibeke kanjani ezikhundleni esilindeleke ukuba sizilalele ngokungaziphathi kahle. Kungenzeka ukuthola imisebenzi engahlanganisi lokho okulindelekile okungalindelekile. Futhi kufanele sizilungiselele ukwenqaba iziyalezo zokuziphatha okubi noma nini lapho sithola, kufaka phakathi yonke imfundo yokuhlala futhi ingenzi lutho.

Ohulumeni bazenzele ukunganaki ukusebenza

Eminyakeni embalwa eyedlule abantu abaningi babhikisha impi yase-United States e-Iraq. Umongameli kanye neningi leCongress kanye neningi lamaphephandaba amakhulu asematasa anikeza umqondo wokuthi imibhikisho enjalo yayinganakwa noma ngisho nokukhiqiza. Kodwa umemengameli wangaphambili uGeorge W. Bush ukhumbula isikhulu seRepublican senhlangano ehamba phambili esitshela ngokucindezela ukuthi ingcindezi yayiba kakhulu kakhulu futhi bezodinga ukuqeda impi. UBush usayine isivumelwano nohulumeni wase-Iraq ukuhamba iminyaka emithathu.

Ku-1961 i-USSR yayihoxisa ekuqotheni ukuhlolwa kwezikhali zenuzi. Umbhikisho eN White House ucele uMengameli uKennedy ukuba angalandeli. Amaphosta afundeka ngokuthi "Kennedy, Ungabi NamaRashiya!" Omunye umbhikishi ukhumbula izenzo zabo amashumi eminyaka njengoba engenalutho futhi engelutho, aze athole ingxoxo yomlando ngomlomo no-Adrian Fisher, iphini likamqondisi we-US Arms Control and Disarmament Agency. UFisher uthi uKennedy ubalekile ukuqala ukuhlolwa ngenxa yombhikisho.

Ukulibaziseka kwenqubomgomo esiyiphikisayo akuyona into enjengoba ivinjelwe unomphela, kodwa uma labo ababhikishi bebazi ukuthi belalelwa ukuthi bazobuya ngosuku nosuku futhi balethe abangane babo futhi mhlawumbe bazuze lokho kuvinjelwe okuphakade. Ukuthi bacabanga ukuthi abalalelwanga kubonakala kungenangqondo uma ufunda umlando okwanele. Abantu balalelwa njalo, kodwa labo abasemandleni bahamba ubude obukhulu ukuze banikeze umbono wokungakhokhi lutho olujulile.

ULawrence Wittner uxoxisane noRobert “Bud” McFarlane, owayengumeluleki wezokuphepha kuzwelonke kuMongameli Ronald Reagan, embuza ukuthi ngabe iWhite House iyinakile kakhulu imibhikisho efuna “ukumiswa” ekwakheni izikhali zenuzi. "Ezinye izikhulu zezokuphatha bezishilo ukuthi bebengakakuqapheli nakancane ukunyakaza kweqhwa lenuzi," kusho uWittner. “Kodwa ngithe uma ngibuza uMcFarlane ngakho, wavele wakhanyisa wabe esechaza umkhankaso omkhulu wezokuphatha wokulwa nokuhlambalaza leli qhwa — lelo ayeliqondisile. … Ngemuva kwenyanga, ngaxoxisana no-Edwin Meese, owayesebenza kakhulu e-White House futhi engummeli-jikelele wase-US ngesikhathi sokuphatha kukaReagan. Lapho ngimbuza ngempendulo yabaphathi emkhankasweni wokuqandisa, walandela umugqa ojwayelekile ngokuthi kunesaziso esincane esisemthethweni esithathiwe. Ngiphendula, ngabala lokho uMcFarlane akwembulile. Ukumamatheka okugcwele izimvu manje kwasabalala ebusweni balesi sikhulu sikahulumeni sangaphambili, futhi ngazi ukuthi ngimbambile. 'Uma uBud esho lokho,' esho ngobuhlakani, 'kufanele kube yiqiniso.' ”

Kuyinto ehlekisayo: ngisho nalapho ukuphikisa uhulumeni amanga noma ukufihla kukahulumeni, abantu bavame ukuwela amanga ukuthi uhulumeni uyakunaki. Kodwa-ke, ngo-2011, lapho inhlangano encane eqala ukuthatha emigwaqweni ngaphansi kwesibhengezo esithi "Ukuzikhandla," uhulumeni waqeda umzamo omkhulu wokungena, ukususa, ukuhlukumeza, ukuhlukunyezwa, nokusakaza-ngenkathi kuthiwa awuboni lutho futhi akenzanga lutho ngento ethile engafanelekile isaziso.

Izinkampani ezinkulu kanye nezinkontileka zikahulumeni zithatha isenzo sokusebenza njengezingqinamba. U-Reporter uSteve Horn usanda kubika ngokukhwabanisa (izinkampani zokukhishwa kwamagesi) okutadisha "ibhukwana le-counterinsurgency" lezempi lase-US ngenhloso yokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwengqondo ("psy-ops") ngokumelene nezishoshovu zemvelo. UPhondo uphinde wabika ngamadokhumenti avela ku-Stratfor corporation echaza imizamo yawo ejulile yokulwa nenqubo yokungasebenzi. Izinkampani eziningana zikhona nje ngaleyo njongo.

Labo abasemandleni abazibopheli ekuqondiseni ekusebenziseni. Basebenza futhi ekuthuthukiseleni ekwenzeni izinto eziningi ezibonakala ziphumelela kodwa azikho. Indlela yokugcina isizwe siphephile, bathi, ukuhamba ukuyothenga! Noma ukungenelela kulolu chungechunge olunamanzi oluthandayo! Noma unike amandla wonke amandla akho okulwa ne-activist emkhankasweni wokhetho, bese uya ekhaya futhi uwele ekukhathaleni ngokushesha nje lapho ukhetho luphelile-lapho kufanele uzimisele ukufuna izenzo ngaphandle kwalabo abathola ukhetho. Le misebenzi enomthelela omncane iboniswa njengeyinkimbinkimbi futhi esebenzayo, kanti imisebenzi eyenziwe ngomlando ibe nomthelela omkhulu kakhulu (ukuhlela, ukufundisa, ukubonisa, ukuphikisa, ukuphikisa, ukuklolodela, ukuhlambalaza, ukuphikisana ngokungenalutho, ukukhiqiza ubuciko nokuzijabulisa, ukwakha izakhiwo ezihlukile) eboniswa njengengenakwenzeka futhi engasebenzi futhi engenakho ukungathí sina. Ungakhohliswa!

Yiqiniso, ukuzikhandla kuyinto enjabulo kakhulu kunokungabi njalo. Yiqiniso, ithonya onakho lihlale likhona ngisho noma lingatholakali (ungase ugqugquzele ingane eqhubeka nokwenza izinto ezinhle eminyakeni edlule, noma ukunqoba kancane umphikisi othatha iminyaka embalwa ukuze abone ukukhanya). Yiqiniso, sinesibopho sokuziphatha ukwenza konke esingakwenza kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kulula kangakanani. Kodwa ngiyaqiniseka ukuthi sizobona ukuvuselela okuningi uma abantu bebazi ukuthi balalelwa kangakanani. Ngakho tshela! Futhi ake sikhumbule ukuqhubeka sizisho.

Ukwenza Lokho Kulalela
I-oda elibulalayo

Cabanga ukubhala indaba emzaneni obhekene nokubhujiswa okunokwenzeka, futhi abantu abakwenzi lutho ukuluvimbela.

Akukhona ukuthi izindaba zibhaliwe kanjani.

Kodwa yilo izwe esiphila kulo futhi sihluleka ukuqaphela.

Sitshelwa ukuba sihlale edeskini bese sifaka umhlaba, futhi siyancipha ngokucophelela. I-zapping kuphela ayibonakali i-zapping; kubonakala sengathi uhlala. Sisebenza futhi siyadla futhi silale futhi sidlale futhi siyothenga futhi sizithenga ezitolo futhi sibuke amabhayisikobho bese siya emidlalweni ye-baseball futhi sifunda izincwadi futhi senza uthando, futhi asicabangi ukuthi singabhubhisa iplanethi. Singubani thina, i-Star Star?

Kodwa isono sokungabi nalutho kuziphatha ngokulinganayo nokulingana nesono sokuthunywa. Sidinga ukusindisa umhlaba futhi asikwenzi lokho. Sivumela ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke kanye nokunye ukubhujiswa kwemvelo ukuqhubekela phambili. Sivumela ukulwa nokulwa kwempi ukuqhubekela phambili. Sibheke ukuhlushwa kwengcebo. Sibona ukuhlukaniswa komphakathi sibe yi-castes. Siyazi ukuthi sakha amajele kanye nama-drones nemigwaqo emikhulu namapayipi kanye nemicibisholo ngenkathi sigcina izikole futhi sihlambalaza ugogo nomkhulu bethu ekuhluphekeni. Siyazi ukuthi sisekela izinsizakalo zezempi kanye nezigidi eziningi ngokusebenza kwethu kanzima ngenkathi kubangela ukuhlupheka okukhulu, ukufutheka, ukufutheka, ukukhungatheka, nobudlova.

Sibona le mijikelezo ebuhlungu futhi sihlala simanje. Ungalali. Ukuhlala namanje kuyinto mass-ukubulala. Ungamlaleli noma ubani otshela ukuthi uhlale phansi. Ungacingi noma ulinde umholi. Ungathengisi unembeza wakho eqenjini noma isiqubulo noma iqembu lezombangazwe.

Yini Okufanele Siyenze Kanjalo?

Kumele senze inhlangano yokuziphatha ngokumelene nokubulawa kwabantu, ngisho nalapho ukubulala-mass kuhambisane namafulege noma umculo noma iziphakamiso zegunya nokukhuthazwa kokumesaba okungenangqondo. Akufanele simelane nempi eyodwa ngenxa yokuthi ayihambisani kahle noma ayifanele njengeminye impi. Akufanele sigxile ngokuphelele ezimweni ezilimazayo ezenzelwa abahlukumezi. Kumele sivume izisulu. Kumelwe sibone ababulalayo abanamaceleni okuyikho futhi bakhule ngokufanelekile. "Impi enhle" kufanele izwakale kithi sonke, njengokuzwakala kimi, njengoba kungenakwenzeka ngaphezu kokudlwengula okunomusa noma ubugqila obuhle noma ukuhlukumeza izingane kahle. "Ngeke usakwazi ukuwina impi kunokuba ungakunqoba ukuzamazama komhlaba," kusho uJeanette Rankin, umbhikisho wesibindi owavotela i-US ukungenela izimpi zomhlaba zombili.

Ifilimu entsha ebizwa ngokuthi i-The Ultimate Wish: Ukuphela kweNyukliya Age ibonisa ukuthi usinde ohlangothini lweNagasaki ohlangene no-Auschwitz. Kunzima ukubabukela ukuhlangana nokukhuluma ndawonye ukuze bakhumbule noma banakekele ukuthi yisiphi isizwe esenza lokho okwesabekayo. Kufanele sifinyelele endaweni lapho singabona khona yonke impi ngokucacile okufanayo. Impi ubugebengu hhayi ngenxa yalokho okwenzayo kodwa ngenxa yalokho okuyiyo.

Kumelwe senze ukuqeda impi uhlobo olubangela ukubhujiswa kobugqila. Kumele sisebenze noma sichithe imidiya yenkampani. Kumele sihlakulele ukholo kithi kanye namandla ethu. Kumelwe sibe nesibindi. Kumelwe sihlekise impi njengoba nje sihlehlisiwe. Kumelwe sishiye umbono wokuthi singaba nokuthula ngaphandle kwempi ephikisanayo. Kumelwe sishiye umbono wokuthi singakwazi ukuphikisa izimpi ngaphandle kokuphikisa wonke umshini kanye nokubuka jikelele kwempi. Kumele sibambe izintatheli, abenqaba ukuya empini ngenxa kanembeza, abaphikisi bokuthula, abathintekayo, abashaya imilingo, izintatheli, nabashisekeli bempi njengamaqhawe ethu. Kufanele sibabonge ngenkonzo yabo. Kufanele sibahloniphe. Kumelwe siyeke ukuhlonipha labo abahlanganyela embonini yempi noma yempi.

Kumele sihlakulele izindlela ezihlukile zokubamba iqhawe kanye nenkazimulo, kuhlanganise nokuzikhandla kwempi, nokubandakanya ukukhonza njengabasebenzi bokuthula kanye nezihlangu zomuntu ezindaweni zokungqubuzana. Okubaluleke kakhulu kunokuthuthukisa ukuqonda okuvamile kokungabi nabuthakathi njengesimo esithile sokungqubuzana nobudlova, nokuqeda umkhuba wokucabanga ukuthi umuntu angabhekana nokukhetha kokubandakanya ubudlova noma ukwenza lutho.

Kumelwe siyeke ukuzama ukuthola ukuthanda izwe, bese siqala ukucabanga ngaphesheya kwemingcele. Kumelwe sishiye ubuzwe ngaphandle kokucabanga ukuthi ngaleyo ndlela sinesibopho sokuzonda isizwe sethu ngaphezu kwalokho esizonda izwe lethu noma idolobha uma singaphumeleli ukukhuthaza izwe lethu noma idolobha ukuba lihlanganyele empini. Kumele senze umzamo ohlanganyelwe wokukhipha ubuzwe, ukucwasa ubandlululo, ubandlululo, ukuhlukunyezwa kwezenkolo, kanye nokuzikhethela kwe-US (umbono wokuthi lokho esizokulahla uma esinye isizwe senza lokho kuyamukeleka uma uhulumeni wase-US enza kanjalo) ekucabangeni kwethu.

Kumelwe siphikise izimpi ukuze sibe nezizathu ezizwakalayo, ezisekelwe eqinisweni, ngokuphambene nemifanekiso kanye nokungaqondi kahle. Ukuphikisa impi ngenxa yenkampani umengameli kungokwalabo, noma ngenxa yokuthi singathanda ukungabi nesisa kakhulu ezihlaselweni zezimpi ezingase zibe khona ("Angifuni ukushaya ibhomu eSiriya." Ngemuva kokuthi konke senzele i-Iraq, i-Iraqis isenayo ' Ngiyabonga ") kuhle njengoba kuqhubeka. Kodwa lesi simo sengqondo siphakamisa amanga mayelana nemiphumela yangempela yempi yase-United States kanye nezigwegwe e-Iraq futhi iqinisa inkolelo yokuthi enye impi iyofanelekela ukusekela.

Amanga: Ababi kakhulu bafika ngemva kweMpi

Amanga ayatshelwa ngaphambili, ngesikhathi, nangemva kwezimpi, futhi yilokho okukhulunywe ngemva kwezimpi ezifundisa izizukulwane ezizayo ukuthi izimpi ziyamukeleka. Ngaphandle kwamanga ngezimpi ezedlule, izimpi ezizayo ngeke zicatshangelwe nhlobo, hhayi "njengesenzo sokugcina." Ngaphandle kwamanga ngeMpi Yezwe II nabangaphambi kwayo, bekungeke kube khona impi eKorea noma eVietnam. Ngaphandle kwamanga ngalezo zingxabano, bekungeke kube khona izimpi zase-US kusukela ngaleso sikhathi.

Ukungabi nciphisa ukubaluleka kokudalula amanga atshelwa ngaphambi nje kwempi entsha, kudingeka siqaphele ukuthi lawo maxoki ahlala emahlombe azo zonke izinkolelo ezihlangene nokungazi lutho ngempi yangaphambilini. Ngesikhathi uMongameli Obama eqhuma impi e-Afghanistan, wathi ukunyuka kwe-Iraq kwaba "impumelelo". I-Pentagon isitshala imali eyizigidi ezingu-$ 65 njengamanje "kwiProjekthi Yezokukhumbuza iVietnam" ukuguqula leyo nhlekelele ibe yimbangela enhle. Ngonyaka we-60th we-armistice eKorea, uMongameli u-Obama wathi impi "iyinqobe." Kwabulawa abantu abaningi eKorea ukuba benze okungafani nalokho, kanti eminyakeni engu-60 kamuva umphathi wezinhloko uzizwa enesibopho sokuchaza lokho njengokunqoba. Impi yase-Iraq nayo iyahlekwa, njengoba ufunda lawa magama.

Owayengumlobi wenkulumo uMongameli uGeorge W. Bush, uDavid Frum uthe ngoMashi 5, 2013: "Impi yase-Iraq ibangele ukushintsha okukhulu ekukhiqizeni amafutha esifundazweni. I-Iraq ibuyela ezimakethe zamafutha omhlaba, massively. Ngonyaka odlule i-Iraq yakhiqiza amafutha amaningi kunanoma yimuphi unyaka kusukela eMpini YeGulf yokuqala. Ngezinye izibalo, i-Iraq izothatha iRussia ngokushesha nje ngenani elihamba phambili emhlabeni wonke. I-Iran okwamanje isuke ephuma emazweni aphezulu e-10 okuthumela ngamafutha. Ukubuyela kwe-Iraq emakethe yezwe omhlaba kuye kwasiza izigwegwe eziye zaxosha i-Iran. Uma i-Iraq isalokhu ibuswa uSaddam Hussein, kunzima ukucabanga ukuthi umhlaba wesentshonalanga wawuzokwazi ukuthatha umzila onzima olwawo manje ne-Iran. Futhi-ke, uma uSaddam Hussein ehlala emandleni ngemuva kwe-2003, naye wayezozuza inzuzo engu-$ 100 / ibhayili okuzokhokhela izifiso zakhe zempi. "

Impi yase-Iraq isilungile ngoba ibangele impi yokuhlasela i-Iran futhi iyala i-Iran, kanye nokuthi ukwehluleka ukususa uSaddam Hussein kungasho ukuthi uzobe eseduze, ngaphandle uma mhlawumbe i-United States ingakaze ibambelele kulokuqala indawo.

Ngemuva kokuthola ukuthi impi ibiyinhle, uFrum uzama ukuthola ukwethembeka ngokuhlaziya ngobumnene indlela "ephethwe ngayo": "Impi ibibiza futhi iphethwe kabi. Kwenze umonakalo wangempela ekuthembekeni kwamazwe e-United States. … Kushiye abantu baseMelika abangama-4,000 beshonile futhi izinkulungwane eziningi zilimale kabi. Ukube besikwazi konke lokhu kusengaphambili, impi ibingeke ilwe. Kepha kungalungile ukusho ukuthi impi ayizuzanga lutho. Futhi akulungile ukuvala amehlo ethu ngemiphumela emibi yokushiya uSaddam ephethe. ”

Ukwenza kanjalo kungasiphazamisa ukuvala amehlo ethu emiphumeleni emibi yokubhujiswa kwabantu, ukubhujiswa kwethu komphakathi wase-Iraq. Kusuka kumazwana kaFrum ungacabanga ukuthi impi yabulala abantu abangu-4,000, hhayi izigidi ezingu-1.4.

UBill Bigelow, umhleli wekharityhulam wezikolo zokubuyisa, osanda kukhishwa incwadi ethi Teaching About the Wars, wabhala ngoMashi 2013:

Manje, njengoba sigubha iminyaka eyi-10th yokuhlasela kwe-Iraq e-US, izimpi zethu eMpumalanga Ephakathi zithuthele emaphepheni ethu amaphephandaba emaphethelweni ezincwadi zethu. Izinkampani ezinkulu ezikhiqiza leyo mibhalo ayinaso isithakazelo ekukhuthazeni umqondo obucayi ongase udale imibuzo mayelana nokungalingani okukhulu kwamanje kwezomnotho namandla-noma ngenxa yalokho, mayelana nezinqubomgomo zokungenelela zikahulumeni wethu. Bonisa i-World's Modern World History kaHolt McDougal Umlando wezimpi zase-US ne-Iraq, okungenzeka ukuthi zabhalwa yiPentagon propagandists. Mhlawumbe kwakungenjalo. Ngokulingisa i-Fox News, isigwebo sokuqala seqembu le-Iraq sibhekene nokuhlaselwa kwe-9 / 11 no-Saddam Hussein eceleni. Le ncwadi ibonisa ukuthi umkhankaso wokuhlasela ungenakwenzeka futhi ungenakugwema, kuyilapho uyavuma: 'Amanye amazwe, eFrance naseJalimane, acele ukuba abahloli baqhubeke befuna izikhali.' Yilokho okuwukuphela kokuphikisa okuphikisana nempi, naphezu kokuthi ukuphikiswa okuvelele kakhulu kwempi, kufike ngoFebhuwari 15, 2003, usuku olunezigidi zabantu emhlabeni jikelele ludinga ukuba i-United States ingahlali e-Iraq-uma ugcina ithrekhi, lokhu kwakuyi-protest enkulu emlandweni wesintu, ngokusho kweGuinness Book of World Records.

Lokhu, yiqiniso, kuyiphethini ezincwadini ezifundwayo zenkampani: Hlanganisa ohulumeni nabantu; unganaki ukunyakaza komphakathi. Ngemuva kwencazelo esheshayo engenagazi ngokuwa kombuso kaSaddam Hussein, isigaba sokugcina sencwadi sihloko sithi 'Umzabalazo Uyaqhubeka.' Kuqala lokhu: 'Ngaphandle kokunqoba kombimbi, mkhulu umsebenzi osasele e-Iraq.' Ukuphela kwento engekho kulesi sigaba se-rah-rah yi-confetti: 'Ngosizo lwezikhulu zase-US, ama-Iraq aqala ukwakha kabusha izwe lawo.' O, kwenzeka kanjalo-ke na? Ngokuphawulekile, ayikho i-Iraqi ecashunwe esigabeni sonke — uqobo lwayo ingesinye sezifundo ezinamandla kakhulu lapha. Kuyisisekelo sokuqala kwemibuso yamazwe (impiriyalizim) esemthethweni: izwe elinobudlova nokuhilizisana abanye abantu abasho lutho; sizonquma ukuthi yini enhle ngabo. Ngokuhlekwa usulu kwegama elithi 'ukugxeka,' isahluko sivaleka ngokuzivocavoca okune 'Okucabangayo Okubalulekile Nokubhala'. Nanku okuwukuphela komsebenzi 'wokubhala obucayi': 'Cabanga ungumbhali wenkulumo kaMongameli Bush. Bhala isigaba sesingeniso senkulumo emabuthweni omfelandawonye ngemuva kokunqoba kwabo e-Iraq. '

Senza izingane zethu zibe nguDavid Frum. Sidinga ubuchophozi ezikoleni zethu ukuguqula lo mkhuba.

Umbono womphakathi, ngaphandle kwesenzo,
Ayikwazi Ukuvimbela Iminye Impi

Sidinga izikole ezithuthukisiwe kanye nokubika kwezindaba ezithuthukisiwe, ngoba sidinga imibono engcono. Khona-ke sidinga ukuphendula leyo mibono ibe yinto ephumelelayo. Lezi zivalo zaziwusizo kakhulu ngo-Agasti-Septhemba 2013 ekubanjeni, okungenani okwesikhashana, ukuhlasela eSiriya. Kodwa babengeke basenze okuhle ngaphandle komsebenzi onzima wezinkulungwane zabantu namakhulu amaqembu. Imikhosi eminingi, imiboniso, imibhikisho, ukuhambela izindawo zokuvakasha, izinkundla zomphakathi, izingxoxo, nokukhukhula kwama-imeyli kanye nokushaya izingcingo kwenza intando yomphakathi ebonakalayo futhi ikhonjelwe amalungu aseCongress ngaphansi kwesimo sokuthula.

Sidinga, futhi sakha, inhlangano eyamazwe ngamazwe. Sidinga abambisene emhlabeni jikelele. Sidinga usizo lwabo, futhi badinga izethu, ekuqedeni izikhali zenuzi, i-drones yezikhali, amabhomu amaqoqo, nezinye izinsimbi zokufa, kanye nokuvala izizinda zasempi, nokuvala iSikole seMelika e Fort Fort, Ga., lapho abaningi ababulewe nabahlukumezekile beqeqeshwe khona. Lezi zinyathelo ezingezansi ekuqedeni impi kufanele ziqondwe njengoba nje. Kufanele sisebenzise ukwakha inhlangano yokuqeda. Kufanele silinganise intuthuko yethu ngokuthi bangaki abantu abathi Yebo, singagcina impi, futhi Yebo, kufanele sigcine impi.

Kumelwe sakha ukubambisana okungafeza izinyathelo ezinzulu: imikhankaso yokukhangisa yempi yempi, ukubuyisela amandla empi egatsheni lomthetho, ukusika izikhali zokuthengisa kumashiqela, njll Ukwenza lokhu, sizofuna ukuhlanganisa yonke imikhakha efanele okufanele ukuphikisa izakhiwo zezimboni zezimboni: abaziphatha kahle, abaholi bezemvelo, abashumayeli bokuziphatha nokuziphatha, odokotela, izazi zengqondo, nabavikeli bempilo yabantu, izomnotho, izinyunyana zabasebenzi, izisebenzi, ama-libertarian civil, abameli bezinguquko zentando yeningi, izintatheli, izazi-mlando, abagqugquzeli bokubonakala ekwenzeni izinqumo zomphakathi, amazwe angamazwe ngamazwe, labo abafisa ukuhamba nokuthandwa kwamanye amazwe, abaphilayo bezemvelo, kanye nabaxhasi bezinto ezifanelekayo lapho i-dollar yempi ingasetshenziswa khona: imfundo, izindlu, ubuciko, isayensi, njll. Leliqembu elikhulu kakhulu.

Kodwa izinhlangano eziningi ze-activist zifuna ukuhlala zigxile ezindlini zazo. Abaningi bayenqikazi ukuthi bangabhekana nengozi ngokuthi bangabandlululo. Ezinye ziboshwe ezinzuzo ezivela ezinkonzweni zempi. Kumele sisebenze indlela yethu ezungeze lezi zithiyo.

Eminyakeni yamuva sinezikhungo ezithile zemvelo eziphikisana nezakhiwo zempi (njengaseJeju Island, eNingizimu Korea), ezinye izinhlangano zomphakathi ezikhululekile zisho yonke impi yezempi (drone wars), izinyunyana zabasebenzi ezisezingeni eliphezulu inqubo yokuguqulwa kusuka ezimbonini zempi kuya ezimbonini zokuthula, kanye nemizi ehlukahlukene kanye ne-US Conference of Mayors ifuna ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwempi. Lezi yizicucu ezincane okumele siqale ukuzokwakha udonga olukhulu lokuphikisa ekwenzeni impi. Kumelwe sithuthe izinhlangano ngaphandle kokuphatha kuphela izimpawu-njengokungathi lapho amaqembu ezinkululeko eziphikisana nomphakathi ephikisa ukuhlukunyezwa noma ukungena ejele okungenasiphelo-futhi nokuzama ukuphulukisa imbangela yezimpikiswano: impi.

Amandla amahle anamandla kakhulu okusingatha izidingo zethu zamandla (futhi afuna) kunalokho okuvame ukucatshangelwa, ngoba ukudluliselwa kwemali okukhulu okuyokwenzeka ngokuqeda impi ngokuvamile akubhekwa. Kufanele sikhuthaze abahlali bezemvelo ukuba baqale ukucabanga ngalezo zinyathelo. Ukwenza impi akulungile kumnotho wonke. Kukhona izithakazelo ezicebile ezingazuzi izikhali noma ezinye izimali zempi, futhi hhayi ukuzuza ngokuxhaphazwa kwamadoda angaphandle. Ikhamphani ye-green energy yase-US kufanele ikwazi ukubuyisela inqubo yokuguqulwa kusukela ekusetshenzisweni kwempi kuya ekusetshenzisweni kwe-green-energy. Njengoba kufanele thina sonke. Ku-2013, umbuso wase-Connecticut wakha ikhomishana yokusebenzela ukuguqula ukukhiqizwa kwe-Connecticut kusukela empini kuya ekuthuleni kokuthula. Lo mzamo ubusekelwe futhi uhilelekile abasebenzi nabanikazi, kanye nabameli bokuthula. Uma kusebenza kahle, kufanele kubonwe ngokucophelela yizinye izinkulumo ze-49 kanye nesizwe sonke.

Imidlalo Yemidlalo Yemidlalo

Ku-2012, uma ubuke ama-Olimpiki ku-NBC, wabona izikhangiso ezigqugquzela ukubonisa impi ye-war-o-tainment cohosted ngumhlalaphansi wase-US jikelele Wesley Clark, u-Todd Palin obambe iqhaza, futhi engenayo indima ebonakalayo eqinisweni. Izikhangiso ziziqhenya ngokusetshenziswa kwezibhamu zangempela, kodwa amathuba okuba omunye wabantu abadumile abahlanganyele "emncintiswaneni wempi" kwi-NBC "Izinkanyezi Zithola Izinhlamvu" zizodutshulwa futhi zibulawe kwakuyilokho okwakungenxa kaJohn Wayne njengoba ekhuthaza impi ngenkathi ewuqeda (ngisho noma ukuhlolwa kwezikhali zenuzi kufike ekugcineni). I-RootsAction.org yenza i-website e-StarsEarnStripes.org ukucindezela i-NBC (nomnikazi wayo wokuncedisa empini, uGener Electric) ukukhombisa izindleko zangempela zempi. Phakathi nokuqhuma kwe-1999 yaseYugoslavia eyalethwa ngu-Gen. Wesley Clark, izakhamuzi kanye nesiteshini se-TV baqhunywe ngamabhomu, kuyilapho amabhomu amaqoqo kanye ne-uranium esebenziwe.

I-coalition eyakhelwe ukugxeka "I-Stars Earn Stripes." Izishoshovu ziphikisana eziklasini ze-NBC eNew York. Ama-award winners of Nine Nobel Peace Prize aphikisana nalolu hlelo. Lo mbukiso waba yihlazo futhi waxoshwa ngokushesha (noma, njengoba i-NBC iyifaka, ayikhiqizwa ngaphesheya kweziqephu zayo "zomshayeli"). Sidinga loluhlobo lwempendulo yomphakathi kukho konke ukucasuka okusha, futhi ukuthukuthela okuye kwaze kube isikhathi esingababonanga.

Inqubo Yokuthula

Njengoba nje abantu bevame ukukholelwa ukuthi kufanele sikhethe phakathi kokushaya ibhomu esihogweni ezweni noma ukungenzi lutho, abantu bavame ukukholelwa ukuthi kufanele sikhethe phakathi kokuqhubeka nokuqhuma isihogo ekuphumeni kwamazwe noma ukuqothula yonke impi ngoLwesithathu. Esikhundleni salokho, kufanele sicabange ngenqubo yesimiso sokungabikho kokulwa nokulwa okungase kuqhubeke isikhathi sezinyanga neminyaka. Ukusabalalisa kuzokukhuthaza ukulwa nesidambiso esengeziwe. Usizo lwangaphandle (hhayi isikhali esisibiza ngokuthi "usizo lwangaphandle") nokubambisana kuzokwenqabela ubutha. Ukuhambisana nokubusa komthetho kuzokhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa komthetho jikelele. Ngisebenzisa igama elithi "ukuqiniswa" hhayi ukusikisela ukusetshenziswa kwempi kodwa kunalokho ukushushiswa kwabenzi bompi ngabanye.

Izinyathelo ezingezansi endleleni zingase zibe usizo. Umkhankaso wokuvimbela i-drones yezikhali ingasebenzisa inzuzo yokuthi izigameko ze-drone zibukeka sengathi zibulala abantu abaningi kunezinye izinhlobo zokubulala empini. Kodwa imikhankaso enjalo kufanele isetshenziselwe ukuthuthukisa umgomo omkhulu wokuqeda impi, futhi hhayi ukukhuthaza umqondo wokuthuthukisa noma ukuhlanza impi. Umkhankaso wokuvimbela izisekelo zempi emazweni angaphandle ungase ube yindawo enhle yokuzuza.

Njengoba siqala ukucabanga izwe elingenalo impi, sizobona ini? IVirginia neWest Virginia abaya empini ngoba bobabili base-United States. I-France neJalimane aziya empini ngoba bobabili baseYurophu. Omunye ulingeka ukuba athi izizwe aziyikuya empini uma zihlangene nohulumeni womhlaba wonke. Kodwa, eqinisweni, uhulumeni womhlaba wonke owonakele futhi ongatholakali-noma ngaphezulu-kunokuba ohulumeni bethu bezwe ngeke asisize. Sidinga ukwakha ukumelela okunempilo kwentando yeningi kusuka ezingeni lendawo kuze kube sezwe lomhlaba wonke. Ukufika lapho kungase kusho ukusakaza amandla amaningi ezindaweni, uthi, nezifunda, kunokugxila kwamandla amaningi kumazinga aphezulu.

IZizwe Ezihlangene kufanele zishintshwe noma zithathelwe indawo. Kumele kwenziwe intando yeningi, ihlubule amalungelo akhethekile ezizwe ezimbalwa. Kufanele kwenziwe umphikisi ophelele wempi. Ukwamukelwa kwempi evikelekile noma izimpi ezigunyazwe yi-UN kufanele kulungiswe. Enye indlela yokwenza lokhu kuyoba ukuvuselela ukuqonda i-Pello ye-Kellogg-Briand, eyandulela i-Charter ye-UN futhi ihlala ezincwadini zamazwe angaphezu kwe-80, nabanye bekhululekile ukungena ngemvume.

Impi yokuqothula

Lapho abantu behlongoza ukuvimbela impi ngomthetho, kufaka phakathi ukuchitshiyelwa koMthethosisekelo, nginemizwa ehlangene. Nakuba ukuvinjelwa kwempi yilokho izwe elikulo, liphathelene nakho konke okwenzekayo eBush-Cheney lapho sichitha iminyaka sizama ukunxusa iCongress ukuvimbela ukuhlushwa. Angifuni ukubalwa phakathi kwalabo abaphikisana nokuhlukunyezwa. Kodwa kubalulekile, ngifuna ukusikisela ukuthi ukuhlukunyezwa sekuvinjelwe kakade. Ukuhlukunyezwa bekuvinjelwe ngesivumelwano futhi kwenziwa ukwesaba, ngaphansi kwemithetho emibili ehlukene, ngaphambi kokuba uGeorge W. Bush abe ngumengameli. Eqinisweni, ukuvinjelwa okukhona ngaphambili kokuhlukunyezwa kwakunamandla futhi kunemininingwane kunanoma yimiphi imizamo yokuqeda ukuyihlukumeza. Uma ingxabano "ngokuvinjelwa ukuhlukunyezwa" ishintshwe ngokuphelele futhi isidingo esinamandla sokushushisa, singase sibe ngcono nanamuhla. (Njengoba ngibhala lokhu, ngoJulayi 24, i-2013, i-Congressman Alan Grayson yadlulisela ukuchitshiyelwa komthethosivivinywa wokusebenzisa imali "futhi ukuvimbela ukuhlukunyezwa.")

Sisesimweni esifanayo mayelana nempi. Impi yavinjelwa iminyaka engu-85 edlule, yenza inkulumo yokuvimbela inkinga enzima. Sasikuleso simo, empeleni, ngisho nangaphambi kokuba i-Charter ye-UN ibhalwe eminyakeni engu-69 edlule. Nganoma yikuphi ukuqonda okunengqondo kwe-Charter ye-UN, iningi-uma kungezona zonke-izimpi zase-US zingavunyelwe. I-United Nations ayizange igunyaze ukuhlasela kwe-Afghanistan noma i-Iraq, ukuchithwa kukahulumeni waseLibya, noma izimpi ze-drone ePakistan noma e-Yemen noma eSomalia. Futhi ngokuphela kwezingcingo ezisendle kunazo zonke lezi zimpi zizivikela kusukela ohlangothini lwe-US. Kodwa izintambo ezimbili ezidalwe yi-UN Charter (yezimpi ezivikelekile kanye nezigunyazwe yi-UN) yizintuthwane ezinkulu. Kuzohlale kukhona labo abathi impi yamanje ihambisana ne-Charter ye-UN noma ukuthi impi yesikhathi esizayo ingaba. Ngakho-ke, uma ngithi impi ayimthetho, anginayo i-Charter ye-UN engqondweni.

Futhi angicabangi ukuthi yonke impi iphula umthetho okuthiwa yimpi yempi, okubandakanya ububi obuningi obungavumi ngaphansi kokuvikela "isidingo" noma "ukuhlukana" noma "ukulingana," nakuba lokhu kuyiqiniso ngempela. Ukuvimbela impi engafanele, kuyilapho isebenza kuze kube yilapho ihamba khona, empeleni isekela umbono we-barbar wokuthi umuntu angaqhuba impi efanele. Isimo lapho impi eyayizoba khona "impi nje" injengenganekwane njengoba isimo esicatshangelwa kakhulu lapho ukuhlukunyezwa kuzoba khona.

Futhi angisho ukuthi amandla e-US Constitutional war aphulwa noma ukukhwabanisa kwenziwa ekwenzeni icala empini, nakuba lezi nokunye ukwephulwa komthetho kungabangane abaningi bezimpi zase-US.

Nami angifuni ukuphikisa izinzuzo zokuvimbela impi emthethweni omkhulu kakhulu wase-United States, uMthethosisekelo. Kukhona ukungaqondani okungajwayelekile okubambelela ngaphansi, umthetho osemthethweni njengokungathi ukwedlula uMthethosisekelo noma izivumelwano ezenza "umthetho ophakeme wezwe." Lokhu kuyingozi ekuphendukeni. Umshushisi u-Edward Snowden ulungile ukuveza ukwephulwa koHlelo Lwesine. USeninkulu uDianne Feinstein akulungile ukuphikelela ukuthi lezo zephutha zenziwe ngokomthetho yizimiso-okungaqondakali ngisho noma umuntu emukela imithetho engekho emthethweni. Ukuchibiyela uMthethosisekelo ukuvimbela impi kungabe (uma uMthethosisekelo uhambisana nawo) uvimbela noma yikuphi umthetho ophansi wokubhalisa impi.

Kodwa isivumelwano sizokwenza lokho futhi. Futhi sesinayo kakade.

Ayaziwa futhi awanconywa kakhulu ukuthi i-United States iyingxenye yesivumelwano esivimbela yonke impi. Lesi sivumelwano, esibizwa ngokuthi i-Kellogg-Briand Pact, noma i-Peace Pact yaseParis, noma i-Renunciation of War, sibhalwe kuwebhusayithi ye-US State Department. I-Pact ifunda:

Amaqembu Aphezulu Aphikisanayo awakhipha ngokucacile ngamagama abantu abathintekayo ukuthi aphikisana nempi yokuxazulula izingxabano zamazwe ngamazwe, futhi ayenqabe, njengensimbi yomgomo kazwelonke ebuhlotsheni babo nomunye nomunye.

Izinhlangano eziPhakanyisayo ezivumile ziyavuma ukuthi ukuxazulula noma isisombululo kuzo zonke izingxabano noma ukungqubuzana kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo noma kungakhathaliseki ukuthi luvelaphi, okungase kuvele phakathi kwabo, ngeke lufuneke ngaphandle kwegama eliphansi.

Pacific kusho kuphela. Awekho ukulwa okushoyo. Ayikho impi. Akukho ukubulawa okuhlosiwe. Azikho iziteleka zokuhlinzwa.

Indaba yendlela lesi sivumelwano, lapho kunezizwe ezingaphezu kwe-80 eziyingxenye, zaba nesibindi. (Bheka incwadi yami, Uma i-World Outlawed War.) Ukunyakaza kokuthula kwe-1920s kuyisibonelo sokuzinikezela, isineke, isu, ubuqotho, nomzabalazo. Ukudlala indima ehamba phambili kwaba ukunyakaza "kokungahambisani nomthetho," ukukhishwa kwempi. Impi yayisemthethweni kuze kube yilelo phuzu, njengoba abantu becabanga ukuthi bangabantu namuhla.

Ukuqeda impi, abaphula umthetho babecabanga ukuthi ngeke kube lula. Isinyathelo sokuqala kungaba ukuyivinjelwa, ukuyihlambalaza, ukuyihlinzeka ngokungenakuhlonipha. Isinyathelo sesibili kungaba ukwakha imithetho eyamukelekile yobudlelwano bamazwe ngamazwe. Ingxenye yesithathu yayizokwakha izinkantolo ngamandla okuxazulula izingxabano zamazwe ngamazwe. Abaphambene nomthetho bathatha isinyathelo sokuqala esikhulu ku-1928, nesivumelwano sisebenza ku-1929. Asizange sikulandele. Eqinisweni siye sabamba ndawonye ukuthi yikuphi indaba enkulu yezindaba ze-1928: ukudalwa kwalesi sivumelwano.

Njengoba kwakhiwa isivumelwano sokuthula, izimpi zagwetshwa futhi zaphela. Kodwa izikhali nokuhlukumeza kwaqhubeka. Umqondo owemukela impi njengesixhobo senqubomgomo kazwelonke ngeke uchithe ngokushesha. IMpi Yezwe II yafika. Futhi, ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II, uMongameli uFranklin Roosevelt wasebenzisa i-Kellogg-Briand Pact ekushushiseni labo abalahlekelwa yimpi, hhayi nje ngokuba "ubugebengu bempi," kodwa futhi nobugebengu obusha bempi. Naphezu kokuhlukunyezwa okungapheli kwempi kanye naphakathi kwezizwe ezihluphekile zomhlaba, izizwe ezicebile ezihlomile azikaze zenze impi yezwe yesithathu phakathi kwabo.

Uma kungakhanjelwa noma kungaziwa, i-Pello Kellogg-Briand ixoshwa ngoba iMpi Yezwe II yenzeke. Kodwa yikuphi ukuvinjelwa okungokomthetho ekuziphatheni okungathandeki esiye sakhipha ukulandela ukuhlukumeza kokuqala futhi okubonakala sengathi bekuyizingqinamba ezisebenzayo? Ingxabano nayo ingenziwa ukuthi i-Charter ye-UN ihlehlise isivumelwano sokuqala nje ngokuza kamuva ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Kodwa lokhu akusho neze ukuphikisana okulula, futhi kudinga ukuqonda i-Charter ye-UN njengemvume yokuvuselela impi kunokuba kuvinjelwe impi abantu abaningi abayicabanga.

Eqinisweni, i-Kellogg-Briand Pact isetshenziselwe amacala omthetho wamazwe omhlaba emva kokutholwa kwe-Charter ye-UN, kuhlanganise necala eNkantolo Yezwe e-1998 evimbela impi yase-US ngokumelene neLibya. (Bheka ukubhujiswa kuka-Francis Boyle ne-World Order.)

Kule minyaka emibili kusukela ngishicilela i-akhawunti ye-activism eyakha i-Pact, ngithole isithakazelo esikhulu ekuqaphelweni kokuvuselela. Abantu bangase bangabi abagulayo ngempi manje njengoba belandela iMpi Yezwe I, noma okungenani hhayi njengevulekele ukuthi kungenzeka ukuqedwa, kodwa eziningi zihle kakhulu kulowo mgwaqo. Amaqembu nabantu ngabanye baye baqala izicelo. I-St. Paul, Minnesota, City Council (lapho uFrank Kellogg ehlala khona) ivotele ukudala iholide lokuthula ngo-Agasti 27th, ngosuku lo mkataba usayinwe ngayo ku-1928 endaweni echazwe kule ngoma Last Night I Had Dream Dream.

Umculi wezindaba udale umncintiswano wezinhlamvu othole izinkulungwane zokufaka. Ababhikishi beDoneone bahlulele abahluleli mayelana nePixament Peace uma bekhishwe enkantolo ukuze basebenzise iSichibiyelo sokuQala. Ilungu leCongress libeke irekhodi leCongress of Recognition recognition ukuthi iKellogg-Briand Pact yenza impi ngokungemthetho. Ngisanda kubona i-New York Times ngabanye baprofesa bomthetho bekhuluma isivumelwano. Futhi ngiye ngathintana nezinye izizwe ezingahlanganyeli esivumelwaneni futhi hhayi iqhaza kunoma yiziphi izimpi, ngibakhuthaza bobabili ukuba basayine kwi-Pact bese bekhuthaza ezinye izinhlangano ukuba ziqale ukuhambisana nazo.

Uma umuntu efuna ukubhalisa ngokomthetho ukuhlukumeza noma umkhankaso wokufumbathisa abhekisela enkambisweni yezinkantolo marginalalia, ama-vetoe amaningi, izinkulumo, kanye nezibonelo zasendulo ezihlobene nesikhathi. Uma sifuna ukuqeda impi, kungani ungakhombisi ku-Kellogg-Briand Pact? Kuyinto isivumelwano lapho i-United States ihlanganyela khona. NguMthetho Ophakeme Wezwe. Akugcini nje ukwenza lokho esikufunayo. Lenza okungaphezu kwabaningi abantu abaqaphe ukuphupha. Ngiye ngabona ukuthi abanye abantu baphefumulelwe ukuba khona kwePakethe nokuthi iqiniso lokuthi ugogo nomkhulu wethu bakwazi ukudala inhlangano yomphakathi eyenza ukuba khona.

Hamba Ubugebengu, hhayi "Izigebengu Zempi"

Kuyinto evamile ukucabanga ngokuthi "ubugebengu bempi" njengokuziphatha okungafanele ngesikhathi sempi, kodwa hhayi ukucabanga ngempi ngokwayo njengecala. Lokhu kudinga ukushintsha. Lapho abaongameli nabanye abaholi bezizwe behluleka ukuqala izimpi, abahluleli babo baphinda baphinde baphule ubugebengu babo.

Abaningi bethu baphoqa kanzima ukuqhuma noma ukushushiswa kukaGeorge W. Bush, ukubikezela ukuthi ngaphandle kwalokhu kuphendulwa kwemacala akhe ubugebengu buzoqhubeka nokuphindaphindiwe. Kamuva ngiye ngaba, ngimangalisa, ngithi, "Awu, hhayi i-Bush impeaching ayikhokhele kahle!" Umlandeli wakhe uye waqhubeka futhi wandisa eminingi yempi nemigomo yakhe yempi.

AmaRepublican amaningi athembekile aphikisana no-George W. Bush. Ngakho-ke, amaqembu abambe iqhaza abakhululekile futhi abaqhubekayo, izinyunyana zabasebenzi, izinhlangano zokuthula, amasonto, iziteshi zemithombo yezindaba, izintatheli, ama-pundits, abahleli kanye nama-bloggers, ingasaphathwa ngamalungu amaningi eDemocratic Congress, iningi lamaDemokhrasi eliphupha ngelinye ilanga eCongress, nase- ukuphela kukaMongameli waseBush-abalandeli abaningi bodokotela uBarack Obama noma oqokelwe uHillary Clinton.

Ngokuphawulekayo lapho ebhekene nalokhu kuphikiswa, amaphesenti amakhulu futhi ngezinye izikhathi iningi labantu baseMelika latshela abantu ukuthi i-Bush kufanele ilandelwe. Akucaci, kodwa, ukuthi wonke umuntu waqonda ukuthi kungani isidakamizwa sidingeka. Abanye bangase basekele ukuqhuma okuphumelelayo kweBush futhi baphenduka futhi babekezelela ubugebengu obufanayo kanye nokuhlukunyezwa yi-Democrat.

Kodwa yilokho okushiwo yilokho okulandelayo: Noma ngubani owalandela ukuphulukiswa kukaBush bekungeke kube lula ukuphindaphinda nokwandisa ebugebengu bakhe obuphezulu nakwezinye izimo ezingalungile. Futhi isizathu sokuthi abaningi bethu bafuna iBush impeached-njengoba sathi ngaleso sikhathi-kwakuwukuvimbela ukuphindaphinda nokukhuliswa, esathi sasingenakugwenywa uma ukuqhutshelwa kwecala kungasetshenziswanga.

"Uzonda amaRepublican" kwakuyizingxabano ezivame kakhulu ngokumelene nempi, kepha kwakukhona abanye. "Kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhetha umuntu ohlukile." "Kungani ufuna uMengameli Cheney?" "Kungani ufuna uMengameli uPhelosi?" "Kungani ukuphazamisa emsebenzini omuhle?" "Kungani ubeka leli zwe ngengozi?" "Kungani ungagxili ukuphelisa impi? "" Kungani ungenzi uphenyo? "" Kungani uhlukanisa amaDemocrats? "" Kungani uqala inqubo engaphumelelanga? "" Kungani ukubhubhisa iDemocratic Party ngendlela impeaching Clinton ebhubhise iPublic Republic Party? "Siphendule le mibuzo ngokubekezela ngangokunokwenzeka ngokuphindaphindiwe nokuphindaphinda okukhulu kweminyaka neminyaka (Bheka iMpiI-ICrime.org/ImpeachFAQ).

Abantu baphishekela ezinye izindlela zokuthungatha impi, ukusakaza izwi mayelana nokuthi ubugebengu nobugebengu bubi kangakanani, ukuphishekela umthetho ukuphinde uphinde wenze ubugebengu ubugebengu bukaBrank ngokuphindaphindiwe, ukukhuthaza abakhethiweyo ababi abancane, ukugqugquzela ukhetho oluhle, ukwakha izindlela zokulahla ngaphandle komphakathi futhi ugeze izandla zomuntu. Inkathazo yukuthi uma uvumela umongameli ukuba enze impi, nakho konke okuza nokuhlola impi ngaphandle kwemvume, ukuboshwa ngaphandle kokukhokhwa, ukuhlukunyezwa, ukuqamba amanga, ukufihla, ukubhala kabusha imithetho, ukuhlukumeza abamemeza-ungababikezela, njengoba sasibikezela iminyaka, umongameli olandelayo uzokwamukela futhi akhe phezu kwezinqubomgomo ezifanayo. Akukho okungafani nokujezisa lowo ohlukumezayo oyovimbela umlandeli.

Eqinisweni, umongameli omusha, esebenza neCongress nabo bonke abanye abagqugquzeli bakhe, uye wahlukumeza waba izinqubomgomo. Ukwehliswa nokugcinwa kwemfihlo kuye kwafakwa esikhundleni se-oda eziphezulu kanye nomthetho. Izigebengu manje sekukhethwa kwenqubomgomo. Ukuhlola izinhlu zezihlukumezi zokubulala kuyinto inqubomgomo evulekile esemthethweni. (Bheka "Imfihlo" Yokubulala Uhlu "Ibonisa Ukuhlolwa Kwezimiso Zase-Obama Ne-Will," i-New York Times, May 29, i-2012.) Imithetho yemfihlo iyinto evamile. Imithetho eyimfihlo ebhalisiwe isungulwa practice. Ukuhlola ukwephulwa koMthethosisekelo Wesine kuvikelwe ngokusemthethweni futhi "kusemthethweni," nokuqothulwa okuncane kokuthukutheliswa komphakathi nokwakhiwa kokukhipha, ngokulandela izimbulo ezintsha. Ukukhwabanisa kuguqulwa kube ngukuhlukumezeka.

Ukuhluleka kwecala likaBush okwenzile ukufaka icala lobugebengu akulutho uma kuqhathaniswa nalokho okwenzile ekunikezelweni kwecala. Uma umongameli wezandla ezihlukumezayo ozonda ukuzonda futhi okhuluma ngokuhlekisa futhi ongazange azame ukubulala ngenhloso ethile ephakeme angeke afakwe, ngakho-ke ubani ongakwazi? Ngokuqinisekile akuyona i-African American ehlakaniphile, echaza sengathi uyavumelana nathi futhi inika izinkulumo ezilahla izinqubomgomo zakhe!

Kodwa lokhu kuyinkinga efanayo nangaphambili. Ukwenza izinkulumo ngokumelene nokuxhashazwa kukaBush kwakwanele. Ukushaya izinkulumo ngokumelene nokuhlukunyezwa kuka-Obama-ngisho nezinkulumo zika-Obama-akwanele. Kunesizathu sokuthi kungani abantu behlukumeza amandla. Amandla abonakalisa. Futhi amandla aphelele abonakalisa ngokuphelele. Ukutshela amalungu amancane aseCongress abenqatshelwe ukukhuluma ngawo, futhi iningi lawo alinikanga ngempela, yikuphi uhlobo lokucasula osuyikho uhlelo lokuhlola nokulinganisa noma umthetho wokubusa.

Ukwenqaba ukuphazamiseka kwemikhakha kudonsa isisekelo esivela ngaphansi kohulumeni abamele. I-Congress ngeke iphoqe ngokuphula umthetho we-subpoenas, ngakho igweme ukukhipha i-subpoenas, ngakho-ke ayikwazi ukuphoqelela ukukhiqizwa kofakazi noma imibhalo, ngakho-ke ayiziphakamisi indaba ebalulekile, ngakho-ke abezindaba base-US abangazimele bayathatha isikhundla, futhi abantu balandela imidiya.

Ayikho isidingo sokuthi u-Obama uphelele emphakathini njengoba ngibhala lokhu. Kukhona ukukhononda mayelana nokummisa ngenxa yobugebengu obuncane noma obuqanjiwe, kodwa hhayi ngempi. Ezweni elihle, sizophoqelela iCongress ukuthi ilahle ukwehlukanisa ubudlelwane futhi iqhubeke ne-Obama kanye noBush ngokuphindaphindiwe kokuhlukunyezwa okufanayo. (Impeachments ngemuva kokushiya ihhovisi kungenzeka futhi kwenziwe; yenza ukusesha kuwebhu "William Belknap".)

Kufanele sihlose ukuletha izwe elihle, lapho izikhulu eziphezulu zibhekene necala lobugebengu, futhi ubugebengu obubi kakhulu ohlwini lubugebengu bempi.

Uhlelo lokuSindisa umhlaba wonke

Abantu babuza: Pho, senzani ngamaphekula?
Siqala ukufunda umlando. Siyeka ukukhuthaza ubuphekula. Sitshela abezigebengu abasolwa emakhotho omthetho. Sikhuthaza ezinye izizwe ukuba zisebenzise umthetho. Siyeka ukumbamba umhlaba. Futhi sithatha ingxenyana encane yalokho esikuchitha ukubulala abantu futhi siyisebenzise ukuze sizenzele abantu abathandekayo kakhulu emhlabeni.

I-United States yedwa yakwazi ngokuphelele, uma ikhetha, yokwenza uhlelo lwe-marshall yomhlaba wonke, noma-uhlelo olungcono lokusindisa umhlaba wonke. Njalo ngonyaka i-United States isebenzisa, ngokusebenzisa iminyango kahulumeni ehlukahlukene, cishe i-$ 1.2 trillion emalungiselelweni empi nempi. Njalo ngonyaka ama-United States angaphezu kuka-$ 1 trillion ezintela ezikhokhwa yizigidi zezigidi nezinkulungwane zamabhizinisi nezinkampani.

Uma siqonda ukuthi ukusetshenziswa okungenakulawula kokusetshenziswa kwezempi kusenza siphephe kancane, kunokuningi-njengoba nje u-Eisenhower axwayise futhi ochwepheshe abaningi bamanje bavumelana-kuyacaca ukuthi ukwehlisa ukusetshenziswa kwempi kuyisiqalo esibucayi ngokwakho. Uma singeza kulokho ukuqonda ukuthi ukuchitha imali kwezempi kunzima, kunokuba kusize, inhlalakahle yezomnotho, ukubaluleka kokunciphisa lokhu kucaca kakhulu.

Uma siqonda ukuthi ingcebo e-United States igxile ezingeni eliphakathi nendawo nokuthi lokhu kuhlushwa kubhubhisa uhulumeni omele, ukubumbana kwezenhlalakahle, ukuziphatha komasiko wethu, nokufuna injabulo yezigidi zabantu, kuyacaca ukuthi ukukhokhisa ingcebo eningi kakhulu kanye nengeniso iziphetho ezibucayi ngokwabo.

Kusadingeka ekubalweni kwethu ukucatshangelwa okukhulu okungalindelekile kwalokho esingakwenzi okwamanje kodwa kulula ukukwenza. Kungasibiza u-$ 30 wezigidigidi ngonyaka ukuqedela indlala emhlabeni jikelele. Thina nje, njengoba ngibhala lokhu, ngichitha cishe u-$ 90 wezigidigidi ngomunye umnyaka wezempi "ehamba phansi" e-Afghanistan. Yikuphi ongathanda ukukwenza: iminyaka emithathu yezingane ezingabulali emhlabeni wonke, noma ngonyaka #13 wokubulala abantu ezintabeni zase-Asia ephakathi? Ucabanga ukuthi yini ezokwenza i-United States ithande kangcono emhlabeni jikelele?

Kungasibiza u-$ 11 wezigidigidi ngonyaka ukunikeza umhlaba ngamanzi ahlanzekile. Sisebenzisa u-$ 20 wezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ngonyaka ohlelweni olulodwa lwezikhali ezingenalusizo ezithandwa yizempi kodwa ezenza umuntu ocebile olawula amalunga aseCongress ne-White House ngokukhwabanisa ngokomthetho kanye nosongo wokuqedwa komsebenzi ezindaweni ezibalulekile. Yiqiniso, izikhali ezinjalo ziqala ukubheka kufanelekile uma abakhiqizi babo beqala ukuzithengisa kwamanye amazwe futhi. Phakamisa isandla sakho uma ucabanga ukuthi ukunikeza umhlaba amanzi ahlanzekile kungasenza sithande kangcono kwamanye amazwe futhi siphephile ekhaya.

Ngamanani afanayo angabizi, i-United States, noma ngaphandle kokubambisana nabo abacebile, inganikeza umhlaba ngemfundo, izinhlelo zokusimama kwemvelo, isikhuthazo sokunika amandla abesifazane namalungelo kanye nemithwalo yemfanelo, ukuqedwa kwezifo ezinkulu, njll. I-Worldwatch Institute ihlongoze uchitha u-$ 187 wezigidigidi ngonyaka we-10 iminyaka kukho konke ekugcineni ukugcinwa kwe-topsoil ($ 24 billion ngonyaka) ukuvikela ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo ($ 31 billion ngonyaka) amandla okuvuselelwa, ukulawulwa kokubeletha kanye nokuqiniswa kwamatafula amanzi. Kulabo abaqaphela inkinga yemvelo njengenye into ebaluleke kakhulu njengento ephuthumayo ngokwayo njengengozi yokwenza impi, inkinga yeningi labantu, noma inhlekelele yezidingo zomuntu, isisombululo senkululeko yomhlaba wonke esitshala imali eluhlaza kanye nemikhuba eqhubekayo ibonakala ngisho nangaphezulu amandla okuba yisidingo sokuziphatha esikhathini sethu.

Ukuphela kwempi, amaphrojekthi okulondoloza umhlaba angenziwa ngenzuzo, njengoba nje amagoli nemayini yamalahle kanye nokubolekisa ngokukhipha imali kunenzuzo manje ngenqubomgomo yomphakathi. Ukuhlomula kwezimpi kungavinjelwa noma kukhishwe ngokungenzi lutho. Sinezinsiza, ulwazi, kanye nekhono. Asinayo intando yezombangazwe. Inkinga yenkukhu-neqanda isicindezela. Asikwazi ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuthuthukisa intando yeningi ngokungabikho kwentando yeningi. Ubuso besifazane esikoleni esiphakeme sokubusa ngeke kuxazulule lokhu. Asikwazi ukuphoqelela uhulumeni wethu wesizwe ukuba aphathe ezinye izizwe ngenhlonipho uma engenandaba nathi. Uhlelo losizo lwangaphandle olunikezwe ukuziqhenya kwamakhosi angayikusebenza. Ukusabalalisa ngaphansi kwesibambiso se "intando yeningi" ngeke kusisindise. Ukubeka ukuthula ngokusebenzisa "abagcini bokuthula" abahlomile ukulungiselela ukubulala ngeke kusebenze. Ukuqeda amandla kakhulu kakhulu, ngenkathi uqhubeka ucabanga ukuthi "impi enhle" ingase idingeke, ngeke isithole kude. Sidinga ukubukeka okungcono kwezwe futhi indlela yokuyibeka ezikhulwini ezingenziwa ukuze zisimele.

Inqubo enjalo kungenzeka, futhi ukuqonda ukuthi kuzoba lula kanjani izikhulu ezinamandla ukuba zenze uhlelo lokuphulukisa emhlabeni wonke luyingxenye yendlela esingasishukumisela ngayo ukuyifuna. Imali iyatholakala izikhathi eziningana. Iphasi elifanele silondoloze lizofaka izwe lethu kanye nalo. Akudingeki sihlupheke ngaphezu kwalokho esikuhluphekayo manje ukuze sizuze kakhulu abanye. Singakwazi ukutshala izimali ezempilo kanye nemfundo kanye nezakhizinda eziluhlaza emadolobheni ethu nakwabanye 'ngezansi kunokuba manje silahle amabhomu nezigidigidi.

Inqubo enjalo ingenza kahle ngokucabangela izinhlelo zesevisi zomphakathi ezibandakanya ngqo emsebenzini okufanele senziwe, nasezinqumweni ezenziwe. Okubalulekile kunganikezwa kumabhizinisi asebenza nabasebenzi abasebenza. Imiklamo enjalo ingayigwema ukugxila okungadingekile kobuzwe. Inkonzo yomphakathi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iyimpoqo noma iyazithandela, ingafaka izinketho zokusebenzela izinhlelo zangaphandle nakwamanye amazwe kanye nalabo asekelwe e-United States. Le nkonzo, emva kwakho konke, ikhona emhlabeni, hhayi nje ekhoneni elilodwa layo. Inkonzo enjalo ingabandakanya umsebenzi wokuthula, umsebenzi wokuvikela abantu, kanye nokuzibandakanya kwabakhamuzi. Ukushintshaniswa kwabafundi kanye nezinhlelo zokushintshanisa izinsizakalo zomphakathi kungangezelela ukuhamba, ukuzijabulisa, nokuqonda kwamasiko. Ubuzwe, into ephansi kunazo zonke kanye nokuqedwa njengempi, ngeke ilahleke.

Ungase uthi ngingumphuphi. Sibalo ngamakhulu wezigidi.

Fundisa, Hlela, Qalisa

Nikeza le ncwadi kumngane noma isihlobo ongavumelani nayo.

Nikeza ilungu lakho leCongress, umtapo wakho wezincwadi, nomalume wakho oyisiphukuphuku.

Mema ukuba ngizoxoxa neqembu lakho mayelana nalo.
Awunayo iqembu? Joyina noma udale eyodwa. Ngincoma ukuhlola nokubandakanyeka namaqembu atholakele kumawebhusayithi alandelayo. Lawa maqembu awayincoma le ncwadi noma ahlangene nalokho, kodwa ngiyabancoma:

DavidSwanson.org
I-WarIsI-ICrime.org
RootsAction.org
VCNV.org
I-WarResisters.org
VeteransForPeace.org
I-CodePink.org
Space4Peace.org
UNACPeace.org
UnitedForPeace.org
StopWar.org.uk
AntiWar.org
PeacePeople.com
I-AFutureWithoutWar.org
WILPFUS.org
WagingPeace.org
NuclearResister.org
SOAW.org
IPB.org
NobelWomensInitiative.org
Abalando-mlandoAgainstWar.org
Ukuthula-Action.org
ThePeaceAlliance.org