Kuqala ngoJanuwari 22, 2021 Izikhali Zenuzi Zizoba Ezingekho Emthethweni

NguDave Lindorff, Okthoba 26, 2020

Kusukela Lokhu akukwazi ukwenzeka

I-Flash! Amabhomu enuzi nezikhali zempi zisanda kujoyina amabhomu agqitshwayo, amagciwane namakhemikhali namabhomu okuqhekeka njengezikhali ezingekho emthethweni ngaphansi komthetho wamazwe omhlaba, njengango-Okthoba 24  isizwe sama-50, izwe laseMelika Ephakathi laseHonduras, saqinisa futhi sasayina iSivumelwano se-UN Sokuvinjelwa Kwezikhali Zenuzi.

Vele, iqiniso ukuthi yize lokhu kwavalwa ngamabhomu agqitshwayo nokuqhekeka kwamabhomu yi-UN, i-US isawasebenzisa njalo futhi iwathengisela amanye amazwe, ayikachithi inqwaba yezikhali zamakhemikhali, futhi iyaqhubeka nocwaningo oluyimpikiswano ngamagciwane anezikhali Abagxeki bathi unamandla okuzivikela / okuhlaselayo kanye nenjongo (i-US iyaziwa ukuthi isebenzise impi yamagciwane engekho emthethweni yokulwa neNorth Korea neCuba ngesikhathi sama-50s kanye nama-60s).

Lokho kusho ukuthi, isivumelwano esisha esivimbela izikhali zenuzi, uMnyango Wezwe wase-US kanye nabaphathi bakaTrump abasiphikisa kakhulu futhi ebesicindezela amazwe ukuthi angasayini noma ahoxise ukugunyazwa kwaso, kuyisinyathelo esikhulu esiya enhlosweni yokuqeda lezi zinto ezimbi izikhali.

U-AsFrancis Boyle, uprofesa wezomthetho wamazwe omhlaba e-University of Illinois, owasiza umbhali womthetho wamazwe omelene nezikhali zamagciwane nezamakhemikhali, utshela i-ThisCantBeHappening! zizokwazi ukuzisusa kuphela lapho abantu bebona ukuthi abagcini ngokungemthetho futhi abaziphethe kahle kepha futhi bayizigebengu. Ngakho-ke ngenxa yaleso sizathu nje lesi Sivumelwano sibalulekile maqondana nokwenza kube yicala izikhali zenuzi kanye nokuvimbela inuzi. ”

UDavid Swanson, umbhali wezincwadi eziningana ephikisana nokuvinjelwa hhayi kuphela ezikhali zenuzi kepha nasempini uqobo, kanye nomqondisi wase-US wenhlangano yomhlaba World Beyond War, ichaza ukuthi isivumelwano esisha se-UN esimelene nezikhali zenuzi, ngokwenza izikhali ezingekho emthethweni ngaphansi komthetho wamazwe omhlaba ngaphansi kwe-UN Charter i-US engumbhali wayo futhi isayine ekuqaleni, izosiza inhlangano edumile yomhlaba wonke ukuqeda lezi zikhali zokugcina ukubhujiswa.

USwanson uthi, “Lesi sivumelwano senza izinto eziningana. Ibeka amabala abavikeli bezikhali zenuzi kanye namazwe anazo. Isiza ukunyakaza kokuhlukaniswa kwezinkampani ezibandakanyeka ezikhalini zenuzi, ngoba akekho umuntu ofuna ukutshala imali ezintweni ezisemthethweni ezingabazisayo. Kusiza ekucindezeleni amazwe ahambelana namasosha aseMelika ukuthi ahlanganyele ekusayineni isivumelwano futhi ashiye ifantasy 'yesambulela senuzi'. Futhi kusiza ekucindezeleni amazwe amahlanu aseYurophu okwamanje avumela ngokungemthetho ukuqoqwa kwezindela zezindela zaseMelika ngaphakathi kwemingcele yazo.

USwanson uyanezela, "Kungasiza futhi ekukhuthazeni amazwe emhlabeni wonke ngezizinda zase-US ukuqala ukubeka imikhawulo eminingi kulokho i-US engakwazi ukukusebenzisa kulezi zisekelo."

  The uhlu lwamazwe angama-50 kuze kube manje aqinisekise iSivumelwano SeUN, kanye namanye ama-34 ayisayinile kodwa okusamele ohulumeni bawo bayigunyaze, iyatholakala ukuze ihlolwe lapha.  Ngaphansi kwe-UN imigomo ye-Charter yokuqinisekiswa kwesivumelwano se-UN yamazwe omhlaba idinga ukuqinisekiswa yizizwe ezingama-50 ukuze iqale ukusebenza. Kube nesisusa esikhulu sokuthola ukuqinisekiswa kokugcina okudingekayo ngo-2021, okuzobeka iminyaka engu-75 sokuwa kwesokuqala futhi ngokubonga kuphela izikhali zenuzi ezimbili empini - amabhomu ase-US awiswe ngo-Agasti 1945 emadolobheni aseJapan iHiroshima neNagasaki .  Ngokuqinisekiswa kweHonduras, iSivumelwano manje sizoqala ukusebenza ngoJanuwari 1, 2021.

Ekumemezeleni ukuqinisekiswa kwalesi sivumelwano, esasungulwa futhi savunywa yi-UN General Assembly ngo-2017, uNobhala-Jikelele we-UN u-António Guterres wancoma umsebenzi wamaqembu omphakathi emhlabeni wonke owawufuna ukuqinisekiswa. Wakhetha phakathi kwabo i Umkhankaso Wamazwe Omhlaba Wokuqeda Izikhali Zenuzi, owathola iNobel Peace Prize ngo-2017 ngomsebenzi wayo.

UMqondisi oMkhulu we-ICANW uBeatrice Fihn umemezele ukuthi lesi sivumelwano sizogunyazwa, “isahluko esisha sokuqedwa kwezikhali zenuzi.”  Ubuye wengeza, "Iminyaka eyishumi yobushoshovu izuze lokho abaningi abathi akunakwenzeka: Izikhali zenuzi zivinjelwe."

Ngempela, ukusebenza ngoJanuwari 1, amazwe ayisishiyagalolunye aphethe izikhali zenuzi (i-US, iRussia, iChina, iGreat Britain, iFrance, iNdiya, iPakistan, i-Israel kanye neDemocratic People's Republic of Korea), angamazwe aphambana nomthetho aze aqede lezo zikhali.

Ngenkathi i-US igijimela ukwenza ibhomu le-athomu ngesikhathi seMpi Yesibili Yomhlaba, ekuqaleni ngenxa yokukhathazeka ukuthi iJalimane likaHitler kungenzeka lizama ukwenza into efanayo, kepha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngenhloso yokuthola amandla okuphatha isikhali esikhulu sokulawula abaphikisi njengeSoviet Union ngaleso sikhathi kanye neChina yamaKhomanisi, ososayensi abaphezulu beManhattan Project, okubandakanya uNils Bohr, u-Enrico Fermi noLeo Szilard, baphikisana nokusetshenziswa kwayo ngemuva kwempi futhi bazama ukwenza i-US ukuthi yabelane ngezimfihlo zebhomu neSoviet Union, Umlingani waseMelika ngesikhathi seWWII. Bacele ukuvuleleka nemizamo yokuxoxisana ngokuvinjelwa kwalesi sikhali. Abanye, njengoRobert Oppenheimer uqobo, umqondisi wezesayensi weManhattan Project, ngokuqinile kodwa ngokungaphumeleli baphikisana nokwenziwa kwebhomu le-hydrogen elibhubhisa kakhulu.

Ukuphikisana nenhloso yaseMelika yokugcina ubukhosi ngebhomu, futhi besaba ukuthi izosetshenziswa ngokuzithandela ngokumelene neSoviet Union ngemuva kokuphela kweWWII (njengoba abaphathi bePentagon nabakwaTruman babehlela ngasese ukukwenza lapho sebekhiqize amabhomu anele nezindiza zeB-29 Stratofortress ukuzithwala), yagqugquzela ososayensi abaningana beManhattan Project, kufaka phakathi ababaleki baseJalimane uKlaus Fuchs no-American Ted Hall, ukuba babe izinhloli eziletha izimfihlo ezibalulekile zokwakhiwa kwamabhomu e-uranium ne-plutonium ku-Soviet Intelligence, zisiza i-USSR ukuthi ithole isikhali sayo senuzi ngo-1949 futhi ivimbele lokho ukuqothulwa kwesizwe, kepha kwethulwa umjaho wezikhali zenuzi oqhubeke kuze kube namuhla.

Ngenhlanhla, ukulingana kobuphekula okwenziwa yizizwe eziningi ezakha izikhali zenuzi ezanele nezinhlelo zokulethwa ukunqanda noma isiphi isizwe ekusebenziseni isikhali senuzi, kungenzeka kodwa ngenhlanhla kukwazile ukugcina noma yiliphi ibhomu lenuzi lisetshenziswe empini kusukela ngo-Agasti 1945. Kodwa njengoba I-US, iRussia neChina ziyaqhubeka nokwenza izinto zibe zisesimanjemanje futhi zandise izindawo zazo zokugcina, kufaka phakathi isikhala, futhi ziqhubeke nokujaha ukusungula izinhlelo ezinganqandeki zokulethwa njengamarokhethi amasha athwala imicibisholo kanye nezinsimbi ezinkulu ezithwala imicibisholo, ubungozi bukhula kuphela ngengxabano yenuzi, okwenza lesi sivumelwano esisha sidingeka ngokuphuthumayo.

Umsebenzi, ukuya phambili, ukusebenzisa isivumelwano esisha se-UN esivimbela lezi zikhali ukucindezela amazwe omhlaba ukuthi aziqede ngokuphelele.