NguDavid Swanson
Ngo-2010 ngabhala incwadi ethi Impi Ngamanga. Ngemva kweminyaka emihlanu, ngemva kokulungisa uhlelo lwesibili lwaleyo ncwadi oluzophuma entwasahlobo ezayo, ngathola enye incwadi eyanyatheliswa ngendikimba efana nale ngo-2010 ebizwa ngokuthi. Izizathu Zokubulala: Kungani AmaMelika Ekhetha Impi, nguRichard E. Rubenstein.
U-Rubenstein, njengoba ungase usho, uhlonipheke kakhulu kunami. Incwadi yakhe yenziwe kahle kakhulu futhi ngingayincoma kunoma ubani, kodwa mhlawumbe ikakhulukazi esixukwini esithola ukubhuqa kucasula kakhulu kunamabhomu. (Ngizama ukwenza wonke umuntu ngaphandle kwaleso sixuku ukuthi afunde incwadi yami!)
Thatha incwadi kaRubenstein uma ufuna ukufunda incazelo yakhe ngalolu hlu lwezizathu zokuthi kungani abantu balethwa ekusekeleni izimpi: 1. Ukuzivikela; 2. Isitha sibi; 3. Ukungalwi kuyosenza sibe buthakathaka, silulazeke, sihlazeke; 4. Ukushisekela izwe; 5. Umsebenzi wokusiza abantu; 6. Ukwehluka; 7. Kuyindlela yokugcina.
Wenze kahle. Kodwa ngicabanga ukuthi inhlonipho kaRubenstein ngabasekeli bempi (futhi angiqondile lokho ngendlela ehlambalazayo, njengoba ngicabanga ukuthi kufanele sihloniphe wonke umuntu uma sizobaqonda) imholela ekugxileni ekutheni bakholelwa kangakanani inkulumo-ze yabo. Impendulo yokuthi bayayikholelwa yini inkulumo-ze yabo, kunjalo - futhi ngicabanga ukuthi uRubenstein angavuma - yebo no cha. Bakholelwa okunye kwakho, ngandlela thize, ngesinye isikhathi, futhi bazama kanzima ukukukholwa okuthe xaxa kwakho. Kodwa malini? Ukubeka kuphi ukugcizelela?
URubenstein uqala ngokuvikela, hhayi abakhangisi bempi abakhulu eWashington, kodwa abasekeli babo e-United States. “Siyavuma ukuzifaka engozini,” uyabhala, “ngoba siyaqiniseka ukuthi umhlatshelo kulungisisiwe, hhayi nje ngenxa yokuthi siye saphonswa ukuba sivumele impi abaholi abangamaqili, abasakazi benkulumo-ze abesabisayo, noma inkanuko yethu siqu yokuchitha igazi.”
Manje-ke, iningi labasekeli bempi alikaze lizibeke ngaphakathi kwe-10,000 miles yengozi, kodwa ngokuqinisekile bakholelwa ukuthi impi ihloniphekile futhi ilungile, noma ngenxa yokuthi amaSulumane amabi kufanele aqedwe, noma ngenxa yokuthi abantu abampofu abacindezelwe kufanele bakhululwe futhi bahlengwe, noma inhlanganisela ethile. Kuwudumo lwabasekeli bempi ukuthi ngokuya kufanele bakholwe ukuthi izimpi ziyizenzo zokuphana ngaphambi kokuba bazisekele. Kodwa kungani bekholelwa i-bunk enjalo? Badayiswa ngabasakazi benkulumo-ze, kunjalo. Yebo, ukwesabisa abasakazi benkulumo-ze. Ngo-2014 abantu abaningi basekela impi ababeyiphikisa ngo-2013, njengomphumela oqondile wokubuka nokuzwa mayelana nokunqunywa kwamavidiyo, hhayi ngenxa yokuzwa ukuthethelelwa kokuziphatha okuhambisanayo. Eqinisweni indaba yenza umqondo ongemuhle ngo-2014 futhi ibandakanya ukushintsha izinhlangothi noma ukuthatha izinhlangothi zombili empini efanayo neyayingaphumelelanga ngonyaka odlule.
U-Rubenstein uthi, ngokufanelekile ngicabanga ukuthi ukusekelwa kwempi akuveli nje ngenxa yesigameko esiseduze (ukukhwabanisa kweGulf of Tonkin, izingane eziphuma ekukhwabaniseni kwama-incubators, iSpanishi icwilisa umhlabathi. Maine ukukhwabanisa, njll.) kodwa futhi ekulandiseni okubanzi okubonisa isitha njengesibi nesisongelayo noma umsizi odinga usizo. I-WMD edumile ka-2003 yayikhona ngempela emazweni amaningi, kuhlanganise ne-United States, kodwa ukukholelwa ebubini base-Iraq kwakungasho nje ukuthi i-WMD yayingamukeleki lapho kodwa futhi nokuthi i-Iraq ngokwayo yayingamukeleki ukuthi i-WMD ikhona noma cha. UBush wabuzwa ngemuva kokuhlasela ukuthi kungani enze izimangalo ayezenzile ngezikhali, waphendula wathi, "Uyini umehluko?" USaddam Hussein wayemubi, esho. Isiphetho sendaba. U-Rubenstein uqinisile, ngicabanga, ukuthi kufanele sibheke izisusa eziyisisekelo, njengokukholelwa ebubini base-Iraq kunokuba ku-WMDs. Kodwa isisusa esiyisisekelo sibi nakakhulu kunokuthethelela, ikakhulukazi uma inkolelo ithi isizwe sonke sibi. Futhi ukuqaphela isisusa esiyisisekelo kusivumela ukuba siqonde, isibonelo, ukusebenzisa kuka-Colin Powell inkhulumomphendvulwano eyakhiwe kanye nolwazi olungamanga esethulweni sakhe se-UN njengokungathembeki. Akazange ayikholelwe inkulumo-ze yakhe siqu; wayefuna ukugcina umsebenzi wakhe.
NgokukaRubenstein, uBush noCheney “babezikholelwa ngokusobala izitatimende zabo zomphakathi.” Bush, khumbula, wenza isiphakamiso kuTony Blair ukuthi bapende indiza yase-US ngemibala ye-UN, bayindikisele phansi, futhi bazame ukuyidubula. Wabe esephuma eya kwabezindaba, noBlair, wathi uzama ukugwema impi. Kodwa ngokungangabazeki wayezikholelwa ezinye zezitatimende zakhe, futhi wabelane nomphakathi omningi wase-US ngombono wokuthi impi iyithuluzi elamukelekayo lenqubomgomo yangaphandle. Wahlanganyela ekuzondeni kwabokufika, ubandlululo, nokukholelwa emandleni okuhlenga okubulala abantu abaningi. Wayenokholo kubuchwepheshe bempi. Wabelana ngesifiso sokungakholelwa ekubangeleni imizwelo emelene ne-US ngezenzo zangaphambilini zase-US. Ngaleyo ndlela, asinakusho ukuthi umsakazi wenkulumo-ze waguqula izinkolelo zomphakathi. Abantu baphathwe ukuphindaphindeka kokwesaba kwe-9/11 ezinyangeni zokuthuthumela kwabezindaba. Bancishwa amaqiniso ayisisekelo izikole namaphephandaba abo. Kodwa ukuphakamisa ukwethembeka kwangempela ngasohlangothini lwabenzi bempi kuya kude kakhulu.
URubenstein ugcizelela ukuthi uMongameli uWilliam McKinley wagqugquzelwa ukuba athathe iPhilippines “ngombono ofanayo wokusiza abantu owakholisa abantu baseMelika abavamile ukuthi basekele impi.” Ngempela? Ngoba uMcKinley akagcinanga ngokuthi abampofu abancane basePhilippines abansundu abakwazi ukuzibusa, kodwa futhi wathi kungaba “ibhizinisi” elibi ukuvumela iJalimane noma iFrance ibe nePhilippines. URubenstein ngokwakhe uyaphawula ukuthi “ukube umnumzane uTwain osebenzisa i-acerbic wayesenathi, cishe wayezosikisela ukuthi isizathu esenza singangeneleli eRwanda ngo-1994 kwakungenxa yokuthi kwakungekho nzuzo kuyo.” Ukubekela eceleni ukungenelela okulimazayo kwe-US eminyakeni emithathu edlule e-Uganda kanye nokwesekwa kwayo umbulali ebone kunenzuzo ngokuvumela ukuthatha amandla “ngokungenzi lutho” kwayo eRwanda, lokhu kulungile. Izisusa zobuntu zitholakala lapho inzuzo ilele khona (iSyria) hhayi lapho ingekho khona, noma lapho ilele ohlangothini lokubulawa kwabantu abaningi (i-Yemen). Lokho akusho ukuthi izinkolelo zobuntu azikholwanga ngandlela thile, futhi ikakhulukazi ngumphakathi kunalabo abasakaza inkulumo-ze, kodwa kubiza ubumsulwa babo umbuzo.
URubenstein uchaza iMpi Yomshoshaphansi ngalendlela: “Ngenkathi iqeda ngokumelene nobushiqela bamaKhomanisi, abaholi baseMelika basekela ubushiqela obunonya obusekela amazwe aseNtshonalanga emazweni amaningi oMhlaba Wesithathu. Lokhu ngezinye izikhathi kubhekwa njengokuzenzisa, kodwa empeleni kwakumelela uhlobo olungalungile lobuqotho. Ukusekela abaqokiwe abamelene nentando yeningi kwabonisa inkolelo yokuthi uma isitha sibi ngokuphelele, umuntu kumelwe asebenzise ‘zonke izindlela ezidingekayo’ ukuze asinqobe.” Yebo abantu abaningi babekukholelwa lokho. Baphinde bakholelwa ukuthi uma iSoviet Union ingawa, umbuso wase-US kanye nokusekelwa kondlovukayiphikiswa abaphikisana namakhomanisi kuzoma. Kutholakale ukuthi banephutha ngo-100% ekuhlaziyeni kwabo. Usongo lwamaSoviet lwathathelwa indawo usongo lobuphekula, futhi ukuziphatha kwahlala kungashintshile. Futhi yahlala ingashintshile ngisho nangaphambi kokuba usongo lobuphekula luthuthukiswe kahle - nakuba lungakaze luthuthukiswe lwaba yinoma yini efana neSoviet Union. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma wamukela umbono kaRubenstein wokukholelwa okuqotho ebuhleni obukhulu bokwenza okubi eMpini Yomshoshaphansi, kusafanele uvume ukuthi ububi obenziwa buhlanganisa inqwaba yamanga, ukungathembeki, ukuhlanekezela amaqiniso, imfihlo, inkohliso, kanye nobulili obungahloniphi nhlobo. , konke egameni lokumisa ama-commies. Ukuqamba amanga (mayelana neGulf of Tonkin noma igebe lemicibisholo noma i-Contras noma yini) "ngempela ... ubuqotho" bushiya umuntu ezibuza ukuthi ukungazenzisi kungabukeka kanjani nokuthi kungaba isibonelo sini somuntu oqamba amanga. ngaphandle noma iyiphi inkolelo yokuthi kukhona okulungisile.
URubenstein ngokwakhe akabonakali eqamba amanga nganoma yini, ngisho nalapho ebonakala enamaqiniso angalungile, njengoba ethi izimpi eziningi zaseMelika ziye zanqoba (huh?). Futhi ukuhlaziya kwakhe ukuthi izimpi ziqala kanjani nokuthi izishoshovu zokuthula zingaziqeda kanjani ziwusizo kakhulu. Uhlanganisa ohlwini lwakhe lwezinto okufanele azenze ku-#5 “Funa ukuthi abameli bezempi bamemezele izintshisekelo zabo.” Lokho kubaluleke kakhulu kuphela ngoba labo basekeli bempi abayikholelwa inkulumo-ze yabo. Bakholelwa ebugovu babo kanye nemisebenzi yabo siqu.
