Simema i-Arlington County, eVirginia, ukuthi yehlukane nemali yomphakathi kusuka ezikhali nasekuphethweni kwezinto zokubasa. Ngentwasahlobo ye2019 thina iphumelele ekuthutheni iDolobha laseCharlottesville, eVa., Ukushiya ezikhali nakumafutha ezimbiwa. Manje yisikhathi sokuthi u-Arlington alandele ukuhola kukaCharlottesville.
Xhumana nathi ukuze ufunde kabanzi futhi uhlanganyele.
Kuvunyelwe ngu: World BEYOND War, RootsAction.org, CODEPINK, Ngaphesheya kweBomu, Busboys futhi Izimbongi, Futhi Umkhankaso Wamazwe Ngamazwe weRohingya.
Chofoza isixhumanisi ukuze weqe engxenyeni yaleli khasi:
Thumela i-imeyili iBhodi Yesifunda kanye noMgcinimafa.
Kwenziwa kanjani lokhu eCharlottesville.
Icala lokudonswa e-Arlington.
Ukulungiswa kokulungiswa.
Abezindaba Zomphakathi kanye ne-PSA.
Amakhadi Okuposa, Ama-Flyers Nezimpawu.
Izithombe.
Thumela i-imeyili i-County Board ne-Treasurer:
Kwenziwa kanjani lokhu eCharlottesville:
ECharlottesville, Va., Entwasahlobo ye-2019, sahlela umfelandawonye wezinhlangano nabantu abavelele, kufaka phakathi abantu abathathu abazongena kwiCity Council ngemuva kwalokho bakhethwa ekwindla kwe-2019 ngemuva kokuphothula umkhankaso ngempumelelo.
Sisasaze amaflaya, sabamba imibuthano yomphakathi, sashicilela ama-op-eds, senza izingxoxo zethelevishini lendawo, saqoqa amasiginesha encwadini yezikhalazo, sabhala futhi saphakamisa isinqumo, sakhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwesimemezelo senkonzo yomphakathi, futhi sathenga nokukhangisa amaphephandaba nomsakazo.
Sikhulume emhlanganweni woMkhandlu Wedolobha. Sihlangane noMgcinimafa wedolobha. Sikhulume komunye umhlangano woMkhandlu Wedolobha. Bona amavidiyo aleyo mihlangano nezinye izinto at divestcville.org.
Siphikise ukungahlukanisi okwenzeka phakathi kwezihloko ezimbili zezikhali kanye nezinto zokubasa ezingezimbi.
Saphikisana nesibopho esibanzi sokuziphatha ukuthi singalimazi umhlaba, kanye nentshisekelo yesikhathi eside yezezimali ukunciphisa ukucekelwa phansi kwesimo sezulu, futhi ngasikhathi sinye kwikhono lokwandisa inzuzo yesikhathi esifushane ngaphandle kokutshalwa kwezikhali noma okokugcotshwa kwamafutha asezandleni.
Siphikise ukuthi uCharlottesville waphunyuka esuka eSouth Africa naseSudan eminyakeni edlule, ngakho-ke wakwazi ukudonsa. Sidinga ukuthola ukuthi ngabe u-Arlington unawo lowo mlando.
ICharlottesville, ngokungafani no-Arlington, inesikhwama esihlukile sokuthatha umhlalaphansi esilawula ngokwehlukana noMbuso waseVirginia, kodwa iDolobha elithi kuzoba nzima ukwehlukana nalo. Siyekethisile ngokucela ukuthi kuhoxiswe ngokushesha isabelomali sokusebenza seDolobha, kanye nokuhlukaniswa ezinyangeni ezizayo zesikhwama somhlalaphansi.
Siveze nokuthi izakhamizi bezingakaze zibuze ukuthi ziyakuvuma yini ukutshalwa kwezimali, futhi manje bezikhulumela ukuze kube nokukhulunywa ngokwentando yeningi kulokho okwenziwe kungqubuzana nezinhloso zabo ngemali yabo.
Siveze ukuthi udlame lwezibhamu lwalufikile ngokudabukisayo eCharlottsville e2017.
I-Arlington County inemihlangano yamabhodi yanyanga zonke, kufaka phakathi uDisemba 14, 2019, kunokuba nemihlangano emibili kaCharlottesville ngenyanga. Ivumela isikhulumi esisodwa kuphela kusihloko ngasinye, ngokungafani neCharlottesville. Kuzofanele sicabangele ukuthi sizosebenzisani emihlanganweni yeBhodi, nokuthi yini eminye imizamo yokuhlangana futhi sixoxe noMgcinimafa kanye / noma nabaPhathi. NjengaseCharlottesville, singaguqula amaflaya atholakala ngezansi kuleli khasi ukukhuthaza imicimbi ethile. Izinyathelo ezengeziwe kulo mkhankaso zizonqunywa njengoba uqhubeka.
Izizathu zokuhudula e-Arlington zibekwe kakhulu kusilungiswa esingezansi. Sifunde ukuthi i-Arlington County inentshisekelo ethile kulo mbuzo futhi sicele izeluleko kwiDolobha laseCharlotesville ngalo. Sikholelwa ukuthi i-County kufanele izwe izakhamizi zayo ngokuzwakalayo nangokucacile ukuthi zivumile.
I-Arlington ine inqubomgomo esimweni sezulu esingabonakala sidinga ukuphuma kwamanzi emafutheni ezinsalela.
U-Arlington unesibopho esithile nethuba elinikezwe indawo yePentagon nabathengisi bezikhali abahlukahlukene abahlukahlukene. Ku-2017, World BEYOND War uhlele i-flotilla yama-kayaks phambi kwePentagon ephethe amabhanela athi "Azikho izimpi zikawoyela. Awekho uwoyela wezimpi. ” Lo mkhankaso ungumzamo oqhubekayo, phakathi kokunye, ukuxhumana ukuxhumana phakathi kwempi nesimo sezulu.
I-Arlington inamashumi amashumi ezigidi zamaRandi izimali e-JP Morgan Chase, eToronto Dominion (TD), Bank of America, Wells Fargo, kanye neRoyal Bank yaseCanada, ukuthatha izibonelo ezimbalwa. Lezi zikhungo zinezigidigidi zamaRandi ezitshalelwe izikhali (uLoveheed Martin, Boeing, noGeneral Dynamics, ngokwesibonelo), nakwezokugcwala komhlaba (kubandakanya iDipota Access Pipeline). Abakwa-Arlington akudingeki baphuce kuwo wonke la mabhange amakhulu ukuze benqande ukutshalwa kwezimali kunoma yiliphi lalamabhange kumafutha noma ezikhali, kepha kungadingeka ukuthi bahlukane nalezo ezingeke zisebenzise leyo nqubomgomo. Ngamanye amagama, i-Arlington ingakwazi futhi kufanele ifundise abaphathi bayo bempahla ukuthi isuse ukubanjwa kwayo ezinkampanini zikaphethiloli nezinsimbi zezikhali, futhi ibashiye labo baphathi bempahla ongeke.
Kuliqiniso ukuthi ezinye izinkampani zakha zombili izikhali nezinye izinto. Ngokwesibonelo, Boeing usonkontileka omkhulu wesibili wePentagon futhi ongomunye wabathengisi abakhulu bezikhali kubabusi abasihluku emhlabeni wonke, njengeSaudi Arabia, yize kuyiqiniso impela ukuthi iBoeing nayo yenza izindiza zomphakathi. Asikholwa ukuthi u-Arlington kufanele afake imali yomphakathi ezinkampanini ezinjalo.
Amadolobha nezifunda kungakwenza lokhu. Berkeley, uCalif., Muva nje idlulile ukuhlukaniswa kwezikhali. I-New York City iyenzile, futhi idlulisele ukwahlukana kwamafutha, njengoba kunamanye amadolobha (nezizwe!)
Ngabe izindawo zingakwazi ukugwedla ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa yimali? Ukubeka eceleni isimilo esingenangqondo kanye nengokomthetho yombuzo onjalo, futhi siphawula umthwalo wemfanelo kahulumeni wase-County wokufaka engcupheni izimpilo zabahlali ngokutshala ekubhujisweni kwesimo sezulu esivumelekile nasekwandisweni kwezikhali, impendulo yombuzo ngu-yebo . Nakhu okuwusizo esihlokweni. Nakhu elinye.
Ngabe izindawo zasekhaya zingenza kangcono kakhulu kunalokho esikucelayo? Kunjalo. Kunezindlela ezingenamkhawulo lapho ukutshalwa kwezimali kungenziwa kunganciphi ngokuziphatha. Imikhakha eminye yokutshalwa kwezimali okubi ingavinjelwa. Imizamo esebenzayo yokutshala imali ezindaweni ezinokuziphatha okuhle kakhulu ingadingeka futhi ithathwe. Asinakuphika ukuthi kuqhubekele phambili, kodwa sicela lokho esikubona kungamazinga aphansi ebaluleke kakhulu.
Akuyona imvelo nezikhali izinto ezimbili ezihlukile? Kuyiqiniso, futhi asinakuphika ukudala izinqumo ezimbili esikhundleni seyodwa, kodwa sikholwa ukuthi eyodwa yenza umqondo omkhulu njengoba ifeza okuhle komphakathi kokuqhakambisa ukuxhumana okuningi phakathi kwalezi zindawo ezimbili (njengoba kuchaziwe kusixazululo esingezansi).
Akufanele yini u-Arlington agcine ikhala lalo ezintweni ezibalulekile? Ukuphikisana okuvame kakhulu ezinqumweni zasendaweni ezihlokweni zikazwelonke noma zomhlaba, lokhu okungathathwa njengokulula, ukuthi akuyona indima efanelekile yendawo. Kepha i-Arlington inesibopho esifanayo sokuvikela ukuphepha kwabantu bayo nokwesizukulwane esizayo njenganoma yimuphi omunye uhulumeni, omkhulu noma omncane. Impikiswano nansi ukuhlala kuka-Arlington.
Noma izikhali nesimo sezulu sithathwa njengezindaba zikazwelonke ezikhudlwana, i-Arlington ineqhaza elibalulekile okufanele idlalwe. Izakhamizi zase-US kumele zimelwe ngqo kwiCongress. Uhulumeni wabo wasekhaya nowamazwe nabo kumele babamelele kuCongress. Ummeli kuCongress umele abantu abangaphezu kwe-650,000 - umsebenzi ongenakwenzeka. Amalungu amaningi ebhodi e-United States athatha isifungo sokuthembisa isikhundla sokusekela uMthethosisekelo wase-US. Ukumela izifunda zazo kumazinga aphezulu kahulumeni kuyingxenye yokuthi bakwenza kanjani lokho.
Amadolobha, amadolobhana, kanye nezifunda njalo futhi kuthumela izicelo ngokufanele kuCongress zazo zonke izinhlobo zezicelo. Lokhu kuvunyelwe ngaphansi kwesigaba somthetho 3, Rule XII, Isigaba 819, Yemithetho YeNdlu Yabamele. Lesi sigaba somthetho sisetshenziselwa njalo ukwamukela izikhalazo ezivela emadolobheni, kanye nezikhumbuzo kwizifundazwe, kulo lonke elase-United States. Lokhu kusungulwe kuJefferson Manual, incwadi yokubusa yeNdlu eyabhalwa kuqala nguThomas Jefferson weSenethi.
E-1798, isiShayamthetho saseVirginia sidlulise isinqumo sisebenzisa amagama kaThomas Jefferson osola imigomo yenhlangano ehlawulisa iFrance. E-1967 inkantolo yaseCalifornia ikhiphe isinqumo (uFarley v. Healey, u-67 Cal.2d 325) evumela ilungelo lezakhamizi lokubeka isitatimende kuvoti eliphikisana neMpi yaseVietnam, likhipha isinqumo: “Njengabamele imiphakathi yasendaweni, ibhodi labaphathi imikhandlu yedolobha yenze ngokwesiko izimemezelo zenqubomgomo ezindabeni ezithinta umphakathi ukuthi ngabe anawo amandla okusebenzisa lezo zimemezelo ngokomthetho obophayo. Impela enye yezinhloso zikahulumeni wasekhaya ukumela izakhamizi zayo ngaphambi kweCongress, iSishayamthetho, kanye nezinhlaka zokuphatha ezindabeni lapho uhulumeni wasekhaya engenamandla. Ngisho nasezindabeni zenqubomgomo yakwamanye amazwe akujwayelekile ukuthi izinhlangano zomthetho zasekhaya zenze izikhundla zazo zaziwe. ”
Ababhishobhi bezidakamizwa badlulisa izinqumo zendawo mayelana nezinqubomgomo zase-US ebugqila. Inhlangano ephikisana nobandlululo yenze okufanayo, njengoba kwenza ukunyakaza kwe-nyukliya, ukuhamba ngokumelene ne-PATRIOT Act, ukunyakaza okuhambisana ne-Kyoto Protocol (okufaka okungenani amadolobha we-740), njll. I-republic yethu yentando yeningi inesiko elicebile isenzo sikamasipala ezindabeni zikazwelonke nezamazwe ngamazwe.
UKaren Dolan weMadolobha Wokuthula ubhala: "Isibonelo esihle sokuthi isakhamuzi esiqondile sithinte kanjani phakathi kohulumeni kamasipala sithintele inqubomgomo ye-US kanye nomhlaba wonke yisibonelo semikhankaso yokuhlukana komphakathi ephikisana nobandlululo eNingizimu Afrika futhi, ngokuphumelelayo, inqubomgomo yeReagan yangaphandle "Ukubandakanya okwakhiwe" neNingizimu Afrika. Njengoba ingcindezi yangaphakathi neyomhlaba yonke yayikuvimbela uhulumeni wobandlululo eNingizimu Afrika, imikhankaso yokuhlukaniswa komasipala e-United States yanciphisa ingcindezi futhi yasiza ukuba iphumelele ekunqobeni uMthetho Wokulwa Nobandlululo Olubucayi lwe-1986. Lokhu kufezeka okungavamile kwafezwa naphezu kweVagan veto kanti ngenkathi iSenate yayisezandleni zeRiphabliki. Ukucindezeleka okuvezwe ngabameli bezwe abavela ku-14 US uthi futhi eduze kwemizi yase-US yase-100 eyayihlukanisile eNingizimu Afrika yenza umehluko omkhulu. Kungakapheli amasonto amathathu ukuvota kwe-veto, i-IBM kanye noGeneral Motors bamemezela ukuthi bebahoxisa eNingizimu Afrika. "
ISIVIVINYO ESEKELA UKUTHUNYELWA KWEMALI EZIQHAWULEKILE KWAMAKHAYA WONKE EMAKHAYA APHAKANYIWE EKHAYA INDAWO YOKUGCINA IZIMALI NOMA UMKhiqizo NOMA UKUSUKA KWEMISEBENZI
NGENXA yokuthi i-Arlington County ngokusemthethweni imemezela ukuphikisana kwayo nokutshala imali ye-County kunoma yiziphi izinto ezibandakanyekayo ekukhiqizweni kwamafutha okugcwala komhlaba noma ukukhiqizwa noma ukuphuculwa kwezikhali nezinhlelo zezikhali, kungaba zezinjwayelekile noma zenuzi, futhi kubandakanya nokwenziwa kwezingalo zabantu;
futhi, LAPHO ngokulandela umthetho weVirgin Security Security for Public Deposits Act (Virginia Code Section 2.2-4400 et seq.), kanye neVirgin Investment of Public Funds Act (Virginia Code Section 2.2-4500 et seq.) ngaphezulu kokutshalwa kwezimali zokusebenza kwe-County;
futhi, LAPHO uMgcinimafa wase-County enomsebenzi wokutshala yonke imali ye-County ngezinhloso zokuqala zokuphepha, i-liquidity, kanye nesivuno;
futhi, NGENXA yokuthi izinhloso zokuqala zokutshala imali zokusebenzisa imali yezokuphepha, ukwakhiwa kwezezimali, kanye nesivuno zingafezeka ngenkathi kusekelwa ukuphikisana kweBhodi nokutshalwa kwezimali ze County kunoma yiliphi ibhizinisi elibambe iqhaza ekwenziweni kwamafutha okugcwala komhlaba noma ukukhiqizwa noma ukuthuthukiswa kwezikhali nezinhlelo zezikhali;
futhi, NJENGOBA izinkampani zezikhali i-Arlington County zingazibophezela ekutheni zingatshali imali ekukhiqizeni izikhali ezisetshenziswe ekudubuleni ngobuningi eVirginia futhi ezingasetshenziswa ekudutshulweni kwabantu abaningi ngokuzayo;
futhi, LAPHO ngoJuni 20, 2017, Arlington County ixazululwe ukulandelela kanye nokunciphisa ukuphuma kwegesi yomoya obamba ukushisa nokuhlelela ukuvumelana nezimo zezulu, futhi ngoSeptemba 21, 2019, Arlington County kubuyekeze Uhlelo Lwezamandla Emphakathini okwenza icala eliqinile lokuziphatha nelokwezezimali lokushintshela amandla azinzileyo futhi enze i-Arlington County isebenzise amandla ngokuhlakanipha;
futhi, LAPHO izinkampani zezikhali zase-US supply izikhali ezibulalayo kubabushiqela abaningi abanonya emhlabeni jikelele;
futhi, NGESIKHATHI abaphathi bamanje abaphethe ngokuthi ushintsho lwesimo sezulu lube ngu-hoax, bathuthele ekuhoxiseni i-US esivumelwaneni sezulu sembulunga yonke, bazama ukucindezela isayensi yesimo sezulu, futhi basebenzela ukuqinisa ukukhiqizwa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamafutha agcina amanzi afudumele, ngomthwalo ke lowo ukuwela ohulumeni bamadolobha, abezindawo, kanye nohulumeni wombuso ukuthatha ubuholi besimo sezulu ngenhloso yezakhamuzi zabo nempilo yezindawo zasekhaya nezesifunda;
futhi, LAPHO impi isemqoka umnikelo ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu;
futhi, LAPHO ukuqhubeka endabeni yamanje yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kuzoba imbangela ukukhuphuka okujwayelekile kwesilinganiso sokushisa kwe-4.5ºF yi-2050, futhi kubize umnotho womhlaba wonke ama- $ 32 trillion dollars;
futhi, LAPHO UMongameli wase-United States usho kanje ukuthi impi yamanje yase-US eSyria ilwelwa kuphela ukuze kuthathwe uwoyela waseSyria, ukusetshenziswa kwawo okuzolimaza kakhulu isimo sezulu somhlaba;
futhi, LAPHO izilinganiso zokushisa ezinhlanu zeminyaka emihlanu eVirginia zaqala ukwanda okukhulu nokuqinile kuma-1970 okuqala, kukhuphuka kusuka kuma-54.6 degrees Fahrenheit bese kuye kuma-56.2 degrees F e-2012, ngesilinganiso iVirginia kuzoshisa njengokuthi I-South Carolina nge-2050 nanjenge-Florida esenyakatho yi-2100;
futhi, LAPHO izazi zomnotho e-University of Massachusetts e-Amherst zinayo ibhalwe phansi ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwamasosha kungukudonswa komnotho esikhundleni sohlelo lokwakha amathuba emisebenzi, nokuthi ukutshala imali kweminye imikhakha kunenzuzo kwezomnotho;
futhi, LAPHO ukufundwa kwesethelayithi kuboniswa amatafula amanzi ehla emhlabeni wonke, futhi ngaphezu kwesisodwa kwisifunda esithathu e-United States singabhekana nengozi “ephezulu” noma “eyeqisayo” yokushoda kwamanzi ngenxa yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu maphakathi nekhulu le-21st, ngenkathi eziyisikhombisa kweziyishumi ezikhundleni ezingaphezu kwe-3,100 babhekane nengozi “yabanye” yokushoda kwamanzi amasha;
futhi, LAPHO, izimpi zivame ukulwa nezikhali ezenziwa e-US ezisetshenziswa yizinhlangothi zombili (Izibonelo zifaka izimpi zase-US ngaphakathi Syria, Iraq, Libya, lo I-Iran-Iraq impi, the I-Mexican impi yezidakamizwa, IMpi Yezwe II, nabanye abaningi);
futhi, NJENGOBA ohulumeni basekhaya betshala imali ezinkampanini ezikhiqiza izikhali zempi isekela ngokuphelele ukusetshenziswa kwemali yempi kulezo zinkampani ezifanayo, eziningi zazo ezincike kuhulumeni wobumbano njengekhasimende labo eliyinhloko, ngenkathi ingxenyana kwemali efanayo ingahle ikhokhele iDal New Deal;
futhi, LAPHO amagagasi okushisa manje imbangela ukufa kwabantu abaningi e-United States kunazo zonke ezinye izehlakalo zesimo sezulu (izivunguvungu, izikhukhula, umbani, izivunguvungu, iziphepho, njll.) kuhlanganiswe kakhulu futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke ukufa kwabantu ngenxa yobushokobezi, futhi abantu abalinganiselwa e-150 e-United States bazofa ukushisa okukhulu njalo usuku lwehlobo yi-2040, nokufa cishe okuhlobene nokushisa okuhlobene ne-30,000 ngonyaka;
futhi, LAPHO isilinganiso sokudutshulwa kwabantu abaningi e-United States siphezulu kakhulu emhlabeni othuthukile, njengoba abakhiqizi bezimpi bezakhamuzi beqhubeka nokuthola inzuzo enkulu ngenxa yokuchitheka kwegazi okungadingeki ukuthi sitshale imali yethu kumadola womphakathi;
futhi, LAPHO phakathi kwe-1948 ne-2006 "izehlakalo zokungena kwemvelo ngokweqile" yanda I-25% eVirginia, nemithelela emibi kwezolimo, umkhuba okucatshangwa ukuthi uzoqhubeka, futhi izinga lolwandle lomhlaba wonke kulindeleke ukuthi likhuphuke okungenani amamitha amabili ngasekupheleni kwalelo khulu leminyaka, ukukhuphuka ogwini lwaseVirginia phakathi okushesha kakhulu emhlabeni;
futhi, LAPHO kunengozi ye-apocalypse yenuzi phezulu njengoba kwake kwenzeka;
futhi, LAPHO ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu, njengodlame lwezibhamu, kusongela kakhulu impilo, ukuphepha, kanye nenhlala-kahle yabantu base-Arlington, kanye ne-American Academy of Pediatrics ixwayise ngokuthi ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kubeka engcupheni impilo yabantu nokuphepha, nezingane ngokuba sengozini ehlukile, futhi izingcingo ukwehluleka ukuthatha “isinyathelo esisheshayo, sokuqinisa” isenzo “sokungabi nabulungisa kubo bonke abantwana”;
MANJE, LAPHO, KUFANELE KUDLULWE IBhodi Lababaphathi be-Arlington, eVirginia ukuthi imemezela ukwesekwa nokukhuthaza kwanoma ngubani nabo bonke abantu ababambela umsebenzi wokutshala imali ye-County, ukukhipha yonke imali yokusebenza kwe County izinto zokubasa ezenziwa ngamatshe noma ukukhiqizwa noma ukuthuthukiswa kwezikhali nezinhlelo zezikhali kungakapheli izinsuku ze-30.
Abezindaba Zomphakathi kanye ne-PSA:
Nasi isi-60-yesibili Isimemezelo Sesevisi Kahulumeni:
Ubuwazi ukuthi i-Arlington County ifaka imali yethu yomphakathi kubathengisi bezikhali nabakhiqizi bakagesi, ukuze thina - singakaze sicelwe - sikhokha izintela zethu ukucekela phansi isimo sethu sezulu kanye nezikhali ezandayo, kubandakanya nohulumeni abanesihluku emhlabeni wonke kanye nobuningi abacibishelayo eMelika. Ezinye izindawo, ezifaka iCharlottesville e2019, ziye zaphuma kule mikhakha eyonakalisayo. Lokhu kungenziwa ngaphandle kobunye ubungozi bezimali. Thumela i-imeyili i-Arlington County Board ne-Treasurer futhi ufunde kabanzi ku-DivestArlington.org. Asisasebenzisi imali yethu ngathi! Sakaza igama elithi: DivestArlington.org.
Ama-Postcards, Amaflaya Nezimpawu:
Phrinta amakhadi okuposa abhekiswe ku-Arlington County Board: PDF.
Phrinta amaflaya ngombala omnyama nomhlophe ukuze uphrinte ephepheni elinemibala ekhanyayo: PDF, I-Docx, I-PNG.
Phrinta amaflaya ngombala wokuphrinta ephepheni elimhlophe: PDF, I-Docx, I-PNG.
Phrinta izimpawu ezithi “DIVEST” (ilusizo emihlanganweni nasemibuthanweni): PDF.
Phrinta ama-bhalisela amashidi emihlangano, umhlangano, PDF, I-Docx.
