Akuwona umsebenzi, kuyisidingo, noma
Ukugqoka izingubo zakho yi-camo entsha
NguCJ Hinke
Ikhishwe kusuka Ama-Radicals amahhala: Izikhulu Zokulwa Ejele nguCJ Hinke, ozayo kusukela ku-Trine-Day ku-2016.
Kunezizathu eziningi zokushiya inkonzo yezempi njengoba kunezidumbu. Wonke amabutho amanye amazwe afisa ukuphanga amantombazane uma engafundile, engenalwazi, futhi engasebenzi. Kuthatha isosha isibindi esikhulu kakhulu sokudiliza isikhali sakhe kunokubulala umuntu ongaziwayo.
Kunezidumbu ezweni lonke elinamandla ahlomile. Amandla afuna ukulalela okungaboni futhi abantu bafuna ukukhululeka.
Kungani amadoda ehamba? Ngokuqinisekile hhayi ngenxa yesaba. Kudinga isibindi esikhulu kakhulu ukuphumula epakethe nokuthembela kobuzwe obuhlukumezayo. U-36% wabantu ababhekene nempi okokuqala babesaba ukwesaba ukuthi unobhala kunokuba abalimele noma babulawe.
Ukugula kwezimpi kuye kwabizwa ngamagama amaningi ngabachwepheshe bezengqondo. E-US Civil War, isifo sikaDaCosta noma inhliziyo yesosha; eMpini Yezwe I, igobolondo-shock, ukuguqulwa kwesifo noma isimo se-fugue, impendulo yendiza; eMpini Yezwe II, ukulwa nokukhathala, ukulwa nokulwa; eVietnam, ukukhathala ukulwa, ukuqeda ukulwa, ukulwa nokucindezeleka kokulwa; ku-oh-so-yesimanje sokudabuka kokucindezeleka ukuphazamiseka okwabelwana yiGulf amasosha kanye drone ukushayela.
Konke lokhu kutholakala sekuye kwavinjelwa futhi kukhulunywa ngokucatshangelwa, ngisho nasencwadini yezokwelapha. Umgomo wokwelapha yiqiniso ukuthi ukuthumela amasosha empini. I-600,000 yaxoshwa e-US Army yodwa ngenxa yezikhalazo ze-neuropsychiatric. Njengoba kuphawuliwe fortune umagazini, ekuqaleni kweMpi Yezwe II, "Eminyakeni eyi-25 ngemuva kokuphela kweMpi 'Ekulu', cishe ingxenye yesigamu se-67,000 kwizibhedlela Zase-Veterans Administration isathathwa yizisulu ze-neuropsychiatric zeMpi Yezwe I." Ngaphezu kweyodwa- Ingxenye yesine yempi yonke yeMpi Yezwe II yayingokwemvelo.
Izidumbu akuzona izinkophe. Abaningi babengafuni ukubulala ngemva kokujoyina amasosha. Abanye babhekana nenkinga yokucabanga. Abanye babe nemindeni edingekayo ekhaya. Izwe elungile noma elingalungile? Yeka izinto ezingenangqondo!
"Ukudumala" kuyigama le-pejorative emphakathini wesintu. Sicabanga ngabo ngokuthi "ababuyisi" kusukela ebuhlwini bempi yonke. Silindele ukuba babuyele ekhaya, baziqhenye ngokuthi akudingeki babulale noma ubani.
Nakuba isijeziso se-US sokudonswa ngesikhathi sokulwa sihlala siphelile, akukho deserter yaseMelika esebenze ngaphezu kwezinyanga ze-24 kusukela ngo-September 11, 2001. I-Nuremburg Principles idinga isosha ukuba linqabe noma yiliphi i-oda elingase liholele ekuthunjweni kobugebengu obubhekiswe kubantu. (Futhi yini enye impi!)
Impi ye-1812 (1812-1815)
I-12.7% yawo wonke amabutho aseMelika alahlekile ngokuqhathaniswa ne-14.8% ngesikhathi sokuthula. Lokhu kwakuyinhloko ngenxa yesigwebo sokufa ngenxa yokuthi "ukuphikisana". Abaningi babhekene nokukhishwa kwesifinyezo.
I-Mexican-American War (1846-1848)
I-8.3%, amasosha we-9,200 ase-US asusiwe.
I-US Civil War (1861-1865)
I-Union Army yaseNyakatho ibhekene nokunciphisa okukhulu kunaseNingizimu ka-Confederacy. Ngaphezu kwezidumbu ze-87,000 zirekhodiwe kusuka ezifundazweni ezintathu ezisenyakatho kuphela, ama-180,000 ama-deserters aphelele ngokuphela kwempi. Iningizimu kuthiwa ilahlekelwe i-103,400 ekudambiseni empini, kuhlanganise namagumbi onke amasosha. Kodwa-ke, iningi le-278,000 lamasosha e-500,000 lalahleka ekupheleni kwempi. UMark Twain ushiye izinhlangothi zombili. UWilliam Smitz waseNorth's Pennylvania Volunteers nguye owagcina edutshulwe yiqembu lokudubula e-1865.
Impi Yezwe I (1914-1918)
Ama-240,000 aseBrithani nase-Commonwealth amasosha babekwe enkantolo-martialed futhi i-346 yabulawa ngenxa yokwesaba, ukwesaba, ukuyeka ukuthunyelwa, ukulahla umyalelo, noma ukuxosha izingalo eziphuma emigwebo yokufa kwe-3,080 ngesikhathi "Impi Yokuqeda Zonke Izimpi", kubandakanya i-25 yamaKhanadi ne-22 Ama-Irish. Ziyakhunjulwa yi-Shot at Dawn Memorial e-Staffordshire. Lesi sikhumbuzo saboniswa ku-Private Herbert Burden, oneminyaka engu-17 ubudala, eboshwe amehlo futhi eboshelwe esigxotsheni. Cishe wonke lawa ma-deserters 'awazange angeniswe ezinkumbulweni zempi. Abanye, nakuba bengacishe bonke, baye baxolelwa ngemuva kwesikhathi nguhulumeni waseBrithani. Abambalwa benqabe ukubopha amehlo lapho bebhekene neqembu lokudubula, bekhetha ukubheka emehlweni. (Futhi lezi yizinkophe?!?)
Amasosha aseFrance angaphezu kwe-600 abulawa ngenxa yokulahla.
Amasosha ase-15 aseJalimane abulawe ngenxa yokuchithwa.
Abavukuzi base-28 eNew Zealand bagwetshwe ukufa kanti abahlanu babulawa. Lezi zamasosha zase zixoshiwe ngemuva kwe-2000.
Ibutho lase-US eliqoshiwe le-21,282 deserters noMongameli Woodrow Wilson bashintsha zonke izigwebo zokubulawa kwe-24 ngenxa yezidumbu.
Impi Yezwe II (1939-1945)
Abaduni baseMelika base-21,000 bavivinywa futhi banecala lokushona ngesikhathi sokuthi "Impi Enhle". Nakuba i-49 igwetshwe ukufa, yedwa kuphela, u-Private Eddie Slovik, isosha eliye lazinikela ngokuzithandela ukusula amasimu omhlaba, labulawa ngo-January 31, 1945 eSainte-Marie-aux-Mines eFrance. Isimemezelo sakhe sokugcina sasithi, "Ngizophinde ngibalekele uma kufanele ngiphume khona."
UMongameli waseMelika oPhakeme kanye noMongameli waseMelika, u-Dwight D. Eisenhower, uqinisekisile ukubulawa kukaSlovik, ethi "kwakudingekile ukudikibala ukulahlekelwa okuqhubekayo". USlovik wathi, "Bangibulala ngesinkwa futhi ngifuna ukugaya lapho ngineminyaka engu-12 ubudala."
Ukubulawa kukaSlovik kwafihliwe ezihlaselweni zaseFrance. Uboshiwe ngezandla nangezigqoko, amadolo, nezinyawo futhi waxoshwa ku-spike emasontweni ayisithupha kuya kweyisithupha ngokumelene nodonga lwamatshe endlini yokulima yaseFrance. Amasosha e-12 akhishwe izibhamu ze-M-1, eyodwa kuphela eyayiqukethe nxazonke ezingenalutho. Ngemuva kwe-volley yokuqala, i-Private Slovik ayifi; wafa njengoba amasosha elayishwa kabusha. U-Eddie Slovik wayengumdabu wokuqala waseMelika okuzobulawa kusukela uLincoln enguMongameli. Wayengu-24.
USlovik wangcwatshwa ethuneni elibalwe eRow 3, iGrave 65 yePlot "E" kanye namasosha ase-95 ase-US abulawe ngokudlwengula nokubulala, kuze kufike i-1987 lapho uMongameli uRonald Reagan eyala ukubuyela kwakhe. Wangcwatshwa eDetroit, eduze komkakhe, u-Antoinette. Ucele amengameli ayisikhombisa e-US ukuthi abuyele emuva waze wafa ngo-1979, engakaze athole izinzuzo zezokwelapha ze-GI.
Impi Yezwe II yabona izinkantolo ze-1.7 million zase-United States-ezokulwa, ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu kuzo zonke izinsolo zaseMelika. Ngo-May 1942 yedwa, kwakunezinkampani ze-2,822 ezisuka emsebenzini.
Amasosha ase-Austin ase-1,500 ashiye i-German Wehrmacht. Umkhankaso wokuwakhumbula waqala ngo-1988 ngenhloko ethi, "Ukudangala akuyona into engalungile, impi". Ku-2014, bahlonishwa yisikhumbuzo, iSikhumbuzo sabashushisi bobuJaji bezempi yamaNazi. Isifanekiso sihlala eVienna esibhekene ne-Austrian Chancellory kanye nehhovisi likaMongameli. Kubhalwe ngamagama amabili nje kuphela, "bonke bodwa".
EJalimane, amasosha angaphezu kwe-15,000 abulawa ngenxa yokunqotshwa umbuso wamaNazi. Zigcinwe ku-2007 yiDeserteur Denkmal eStuttgart. Izinikezele "Kwalabo abavela kuzo zonke izimpi".
Impi e-Vietnam (1955-1975)
Okungenani amasosha akwa-50,000 ase-US alahlekile, kuhlanganise nabaningi ababalekela eCanada, eFrance naseSweden.
I-Soviet Union, kulo lonke umlando wayo i-1917-1991, i-158,000 izidumbu zabulawa kanye nezikhulu ze-135,000 Red Army. Ezinye iziboshwa zempi zamaSoviet ezingu-1.5 zakwaNazi zathunyelwa kuma-gulags aseSiberia ekubuyiseleni kwabo ngenxa yokungahambi kahle.
Ama-60,000-80,000 amasosha emngcele waseSoviet asezindaweni eziMashiya ase-Asia Central alahlekile ngesikhathi I-Afghan Civil War 1979-1989. Amaqembu e-85,000 Afghan nawo alahlekile phakathi nalesi sikhathi.
Izimpi e-Afghanistan, i-Iraq, nezinye eziningi (2001-okwamanje)
Kusukela ku-2000, i-Pentagon ilinganisa amasosha angaphezu kwe-40,000 ashiye kuzo zonke izinsizakalo zempi. Ku-2001 yedwa, i-7,978 ishiyiwe.
Okungaphezu kwe-5,500 amasosha aseMelika alahlekile ku-2003-2004. Ku-2005, amasosha we-3,456 alahlekile. Ngo-2006, lelo nani lafinyelele ku-8,000.
Ku-2006, isosha lase-UK libike ngaphezu kwezidumbu ze-1,000.
I-US Army Sergeant Bowe Bergdahl isolwa ngokulahla nokuziphatha okubi ngaphambi kwesitha ngemuva kokushiya isikhundla sakhe e-Afghanistan ku-2009. Uboshwe yiTaliban iminyaka emihlanu ngaphambi kokushintshaniswa ku-2014 kuma-Afghans ayisithupha asezingeni eliphakeme eligcinwe yi-US ejele laseGuantánamo Bay, eCuba. Omunye wabulawa ngaphambi kokushintshaniswa kwabe sekukhululwa amaTaliban amahlanu yi-US, induna yezempi, iphini likamengameli wezobunhloli, owayenguNgqongqoshe wezangaphakathi kanye nabaphathi ababili. AmaTaliban ekuqaleni afuna imali eyizigidi ze-1 kanye nokukhululwa kweziboshwa zase-21 Afghan kanye nososayensi wasePakistan owabulala amasosha ase-US. (UMongameli Obama empeleni 'uxoxisana namaqembu amaphekula'. U-Commander-in-Chief wathatha isithombe se-public-op nabazali bakaBergdahl e-Rose Garden.)
Kubonakala sengathi insizwa encane iyashushiswa ngoba, kwakungekho, ingadinga isinxephezelo kuhulumeni wase-US ngenxa yeziboshwa zempi. (I-US ingasebenzisa ama-trillion empi, futhi ikhokhele inkantolo kodwa iyenqaba ukukhokhela isosha elilodwa!) UBergdahl ubhekene nesigwebo sokuphila enkantolo.
Ngakho-ke umfana wase-Idaho owayefundele ekhaya ofundela uthango ne-ballet, wayengakaze abe nemoto futhi wahamba yonke indawo ngebhayisikili enza empini, noma kunjalo? Ukusikisela: i-maw yezempi izothatha noma iyiphi i-cannon ifolishi engayithola! UBowe wahamba kusukela ekupheleni kwesikhathi eside enyangeni yaseBuddhist eya esikoleni samabanga ase-Fort Benning. Njengo-Pvt. I-slovik, i-Sgt. UBergdahl, wamemezela ngenhloso yakhe ukuthi "ahambe aye ezintabeni zasePakistan", ethatha ikhampasi yakhe kuphela. Ngemva kokuqala ukufunda isiPashto, uBergdahl wachitha isikhathi esiningi nama-Afghans kunamasosha e-counterinsurgency 'unit. Wabhala abazali bakhe ukuthi "wayenamahloni okuba ngumMelika" futhi ecabanga ukuthi walahla ilungelo lakhe lokuba yisakhamuzi sase-US, imininingwane encane eyakhiwe yi-White House. Abazali bakhe babhala emuva, "LALELANI ISIMO SAKHO!"
I-64% yabaseCanada yaxoshwa ukuba icele uhulumeni wabo ukuba amukele ababaleki baseMelika ngemuva kokubambelela emphakathini ePhalamende e-2008 nase-2009. Amakhulu ama-American deserters asele eCanada.
Kodwa-ke, le mizamo yomthetho yayingavumelani. Uhulumeni waseCanada uye wathatha inqubomgomo enzima yokuxoshwa kwabantu abaduka e-US, ngokuphambene kakhulu ne-Vietnam, futhi abaningi abaseMelika abancane bavele behamba phansi eCanada.
I-BBC iphawule ngodaba olwaluqala lokuphikisa impi yase-Iraq uJeremy Hinzman ngo-2004: “Abantu baseMelika abasenkingeni bebelokhu begijimela eCanada amakhulu eminyaka… ngemuva kweNguquko YaseMelika… [nakuSitimela Esingaphansi Komhlaba esasikhuthaza izigqila zaseMelika ezaziphunyukile. enkululekweni… ”.
Nakuba ngeluleka, ngisize futhi ngenza amakhulu amakhulu abantu baseVietnam abaphikisayo abaqashile kulo lonke i-1960 njengengxenye yoMbutho Wokuthula Wabafundi, I-Resistance, neKomiti Eyinhloko Yezabelo Zenembeza, angizange ngithintane nama-American deserters. Ngangiqala ukuphikisana nokuzidela embonweni omkhulu, emphakathini waseGensuikin phambi kwenhlangano enkulu yezempi yase-United States ehambisa amabutho e-Vietnam eNaha, Okinawa, e-1969. Ngafika ngomkhumbi futhi ngashiya indiza yangasese.
Ngisaqhubeka nokukhuthaza, iseluleko, usizo futhi ngiyeke ukulahlekelwa yinoma ubani enkonzweni yempi noma kuphi. Izidumbu azizona kuphela amaqhawe esizwe. Bangamaqhawe omhlaba wonke enqabe ukubulala izakhamuzi namasosha emhlabathini wangaphandle.
Awukwazi ukwenza okuhle kunokuba ulalele ukubulala. Uma usemasosha, noma ubani owenza amasosha, yenza okulungile: RUNWAY!
##
Okubhekwayo
I-Wikipedia, i- "Desertion"
Charles Glass, Deserters: Indaba Yokugcina Yengoma YeMpi Yezwe Yesibili, i-2013.
UWilliam Bradford Huie, Ukubulawa Kwe-Private Slovik, i-1954. I-movie ye-1974 yegama elifanayo esekelwe encwadini futhi ibhekene noMartin Sheen.
UBenedict B. Kimmelman, "Isibonelo se-Private Slovik", Amagugu aseMelika, ngoSepthemba / Okthoba 1987. http: /www.americanheritage.com/node/55767
UJoseph Heller, uCatch-22, eNew York: USimon & Schuster, ngo-1961.
URay Rigby, The Hill, eNew York: UJohn Day, i-1965.
Izimpendulo ze-14
Kumayelana ne-TimeOut, ama-dupes ase-US.
Kuthiwani uma beka impi, futhi akekho ofika? Ngiyadumisa ama-deserters ngokungabonisi.
Uhulumeni uzohlala elwa nempi. Ukungena kwendawo noma ukufumbathisa yizindlela zabo ezinkulu ze-2 zokuthola ifolda yefaynon. Njenganoma yimuphi umsebenzi bangaqasha kuphela labo abasebenza. HLEKA UKUQALA! Nakuba amandla atholakalayo uma ukuqashwa kuqeda.
Awuzwanga yini… kunempi kubantu besifazane. Abesilisa nabafana bakuthola kulula.
Isiko elide elihloniphekile lase-US
Kuthiwani ngeBrithani, isiFulentshi, isiJalimane isiJalimane, isiJapan, isiShayina
Bambalwa abavukuzi base-Red Army, badutshulwa. Bambalwa abaphangi baseJapane base-Pacific basePacific, bavale emaphandleni, Abaduni abambalwa baseJalimane, nabo badutshulwa
Yebo yebo, ukuzonda ngokuzilimaza kuyindlela yokuphuma e-US kepha uthola inhlamvu e-Red Army
umkhuba wakubo wokulahla?
konke uBergdahl kwadingeka akwenze kwakutshela uSgt wakhe. ukuthi yena
wayefuna ukumemezela isimo senqaba ngenxa kanembeza
kwakuyokhululeka futhi ithunyelwe ekhaya kungezona ukulwa
umsebenzi. sine-quaker ku-mcrd san diego ku-52 yena
wathunyelwa isikhungo sokuqeqeshwa kwezilwandle ezinkulu
ukuqeqeshwa kwezidumbu. kunzima kangakanani lokho?
Uma ungeke ukwazi ukuphatha into yokulahla, okungenani "dubula ukuze uphuthelwe". Ngemuva kwalokho okungenani ungaphila nonembeza wakho.
Umakadebona wezimpi zethu zakamuva empumalanga ephakathi wangitshela ukuthi “Ngiyakuzonda lapho abantu bengibonga ngomsebenzi wami. Nginesizotha kepha iqiniso ukuthi, ngangesabisa abantu. Ngakhahlela iminyango yabo, ngaphonsa amabhomu emakamelweni agcwele abesifazane nezingane, ngakhothama emakhoneni - ngiwagcwalisa ngokugcwele ngomthofu ngoba sasingaziboni izandla zabo. ” Ngicabanga ukuthi ngiyakwazi ukuqonda ukuthi kungani indoda ingale ukwenza lokho.
Bonke abaduni kanye nabahlukumezi abaqashiwe kufanele bazuze ngokushesha ukuthola ingcebo elingenamkhawulo nokuzakhamuzi kunoma yiziphi amazwe abafisa.
Kukhona iphutha kulesi sihloko. I-Vietnam yayingu-500,000 hhayi i-50,000. Ngokombiko wePentagon osemthethweni. https://www.huffingtonpost.com/marjorie-cohn/us-government-sanitizes-v_b_6003704.html
Ngempela kuthatha umuntu onamandla, onesibindi nokuziphatha okuhle ukuze akwazi ukuma futhi enqabe ukulwa nempi engekho emthethweni, futhi angabambi iqhaza kwezinye izenzo ezimbi ezenziwa abantu base-Iraq. Ngibasekela ngazo zonke izindlela futhi ngibafisela ngempela okuhle kakhulu futhi ngiyayithanda abantu abanhliziyo enhle abayiyo.
Lapho ngenza ucwaningo lwamazibulo, ngathola umzala wesibili noma wesithathu owayengafuni ukuya empini ngenxa kanembeza eMpini Yezwe II. Ngiyamhlonipha njengoba ngenza zonke izihlobo zami ezalwa eMpini Yezwe II.
Isitatimende senziwa “u-Eddie Slovik Oyimfihlo, isosha elalizinikele ekususeni izinkambu zemayini…” Ngabe ukhona umthombo oqinisekisiwe wesithenjwa salolo lwazi? Igama lika (Ngubani) owenza isitatimende noma onikeze isitatimende sendatshana yakho? Usuku (Nini)? Indawo (Kuphi)? Izimo okwenziwa ngaphansi kwazo isitatimende (ngaphambi, ngesikhathi, ngemuva kwempi yasenkantolo, noma ngaphambi kokubulawa okwenziwa)? Isitatimende sinemithelela ebucayi maqondana nokubuyekezwa okunamandla komthetho / komlando nokuhlaziywa kwefayela lamacala eSlovik!
Il ne faut pas non plus idéaliser la desertion, certains desertent pa manque d'action...
En général les gens qui s'engagent dans les armées Occidentales et surtout dans l'infanterie savent très bien qu'ils vont devoir ”tuer” umzuzwana nje noma u-autre lors de leurs carrière.
En générale ils désertent car nos institution leurs font croire qu'ils vont aller sauver la veuve et l'orphelin alors qu'il n'en est rien.
On tombe souvent sur les mêmes statistiques, désertion au bout de 2 ans de service, soit après un ou deux deploiements. Tout ce petit monde construit par nos institutions depuis notre enfance s'écroule, on se sent trahis et on va au régiment avec une boule au ventre.
Pour conclure je dirais que les institutions militaire adopte la stratégie de ”la meilleurs défense c'est l'attaque” jusqu'au bout en stigmatisant d'office les déserteurs alors que en réalité ils nous defenser con confectionation apractice.