Iyabulala Imvelo Nesimo Sezulu: I-United States Military and War War

NguReiner Braun, ngo-Okthoba 15, 2019

Kungani izinhlelo zezikhali zisongela abantu nemvelo ngasikhathi sinye?

Umbiko we-2012 ovela kwi-US Congress uthole ukuthi iMpi Yezempi yaseMelika ingumthengi oyedwa omkhulu wemikhiqizo kaphethiloli e-USA ngakho-ke emhlabeni wonke. Ngokombiko wakamuva womcwaningi uNeta C. Crawford, iPentagon idinga imiphongolo yamafutha engu-350,000 ngosuku. Ukuze uthole umongo ongcono wokuphela kwalokhu, okhipha igesi kaPentagon kugesi e-2017 kwakuyizigidi ezingama-69 ngaphezulu kweSweden noma iDenmark. (I-Sweden ibala amathani ayizigidi ezingama-50.8 kanye namathani ayizigidi eziyisigidi waseDenmark 33.8). Ingxenye enkulu yalokhu kukhishwa kwegesi eshisa ngokushisa kubangelwa ukusebenza kwendiza kwe-US Air Force. I-25 eyesabekayo% yako konke ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha ase-US isetshenziswa kuphela amasosha ase-US. Amasosha ase-US angumbulali omkhulu wesimo sezulu. (INeta C. Crawford 2019 - I-Pentagon Fuel Use, Ukuguquka Kwemozulu, Nezindleko Zempi)

Kusukela ekuqaleni kwalokhu okubizwa nge- 'War on Terror' e2001 iPentagon ikhiphe amathani wegesi we-1.2 Billion, ngokusho kwemibiko evela I-Watson Institute.

Sekuyiminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20, izivumelwano zomhlaba wonke zaseKyoto naseParis zokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-CO2 zikhulule amasosha ezilinganisweni zokubika zokukhishwa kwe-CO2 okuvunyelwene ngazo ukufakwa kwezinhloso zokunciphisa, ikakhulukazi yi-US, NATO kanye neRussia. Kuyabonakala ukuthi umbutho wamasosha omhlaba wonke ungakhipha ngokukhululekile i-CO2, ukuze ukukhishwa kwangempela kwe-CO2 kwezempi, ukukhiqizwa kwezikhali, ukuhweba ngezikhali, ukusebenza kanye nezimpi kungahlala kufihliwe kuze kube namuhla. “Umthetho Wenkululeko wase-USA” wase-USA ufihla imininingwane ebalulekile yezempi; okusho ukuthi iJalimane alulona ulwazi olutholakalayo ngaphandle kwezicelo ezivela kwingxenyeni yangakwesobunxele. Ezinye zinikezwe kule ndatshana.

Esikwaziyo: I-Bundeswehr (yezempi yaseJalimane) ikhiqiza amathani ayizigidi ezingama-1.7 we-CO2 ngonyaka, ithangi leLeopard 2 lidla amalitha e-340 lisendleleni kanti lihamba libheke enkundleni cishe ngamalitha we-530 (imoto eyodwa idla cishe amalitha we-5). A Isivunguvungu sokulwa indiza idla phakathi kwe-2,250 ne-7,500 amalitha kaphalafini ngehora ngalinye lendiza, ngawo wonke umsebenzi wamazwe omhlaba kukhona ukwanda kwezindleko zamandla ezengeza ngaphezu kwama-100 wezigidi zama-Euro ngonyaka kanye nemiphumela ye-CO2 kumathani we-15. Ucwaningo olwenziwe yiBürgerinitiativen gegen Fluglärm aus Rheinland-Pfalz und Saarland (I-Citizen's Initiatives Against Airl Noise from Rhineland-Palatinate and Saarland) uthole ukuthi ngosuku olulodwa lukaJulayi 29^th, Ama-jets fighter e-2019 avela eMkhosini Wezempi wase-US kanye ne-Bundeswehr andiza amahora we-15 izindiza, echitha amalitha e-90,000 kaphethiloli futhi ekhiqiza ama-248,400 amakhilogremu we-CO2 ne-720kg yama-nitrogen oxides.

Izikhali zenuzi zingcolisa imvelo futhi zisongela ubukhona bomuntu.

Kwabasosayensi abaningi, ukuqhuma kwebhomu le-athomu lokuqala ku-1945 kubhekwe kuthathwe njengokungena onyakeni omusha we-geological, i-Anthropocene. Amabhomu e-athomu eHiroshima naseNagasaki angukuqala kokubulawa kwabantu ngamabhomu amaningi, ngenxa yokuqhuma kwabantu ngamabhomu, kwabulala abantu abangaphezu kwe-100,000. Imiphumela yesikhathi eside yamashumi eminyaka yezindawo ezingcolisiwe emsakazweni isho ukuthi amakhulu ezinkulungwane zabantu asweleke ngenxa yokugula okuhlobene. Ukukhishwa kwe-radioacaction kusukela lapho kungancishiswa ngokwemvelo ngempilo yengxenye yezinto ezinemisebe, kwezinye izimo lokhu kwenzeka kuphela ngemuva kwamashumi eminyaka amaningi. Ngenxa yokuhlolwa okuningi kwezikhali zenuzi maphakathi nekhulu le-20th, ngokwesibonelo, indawo ephansi yolwandle ePacific ayibonakali nje kuphela ngezingxenye zepulasitiki, kodwa nangezinto zomsakazo.

Ukusetshenziswa kwengxenyana nje yezinqolobane zanamuhla zezikhali zenuzi, okuhloswe ngokusemthethweni ukuthi zisebenze “njengezithiyo”, kungadala inhlekelele yesimo sezulu esisheshayo (“ubusika be-athomu”) futhi kuholele ekuweni kwaso sonke isintu, ososayensi bathi. Umhlaba ubungeke usakwazi ukuhlala kubantu nasezilwaneni.

Ngokusho the Umbiko we-1987 Brundtland, izikhali zenuzi kanye nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu yizinhlobo ezimbili zokuzibulala kweplanethi, ngokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kube 'yizikhali zenuzi ezihamba kancane'.

Izinhlamvu ze-radioactive zinemiphumela ehlala njalo.

Ama-Uranium munitions asetshenziswa ezimpini zika Ubumbano oluholwa yi-US ngokumelene ne-Iraq e-1991 nase-2003 kanye nasempini ye-NATO neYugoslavia e-1998 / 99. Lokhu kufaka imfucumfucu yenuzi ene-radioacaction eyizinsalela, efakwa kuma-micro-particle lapho ishaya okuhlosiwe ngamazinga okushisa aphakeme kakhulu bese isatshalaliswa kabanzi emvelweni. Ebantwini, lezi zinhlayiya zingena egazini futhi zibangela ukulimala kofuzo okukhulu nomdlavuza. Lokhu imininingwane nokusabela kuyo kuyekisiwe, yize kubhaliwe kahle. Noma kunjalo kusesezimpini ezinkulu kakhulu kanye nobugebengu bezemvelo besikhathi sethu.

Izikhali zamakhemikhali - zivaliwe namuhla, kepha imiphumela yesikhathi eside emvelweni iyaqhubeka.

The imiphumela yezikhali zamakhemikhali ibhaliwe kahle, njengokusetshenziswa kwegesi yesinaphi eMpini Yezwe I ebulala abantu be-100,000 futhi kunoshe ubuthi obukhulu bomhlaba. Impi yaseVietnam kuma-1960s kwakuyimpi yokuqala yokuqondisa imvelo nemvelo. Amasosha ase-US asebenzisa i-Agent Orange e-defoliant ukucekela phansi amahlathi nezitshalo. Le bekuyindlela yokuvimbela ukusetshenziswa kwehlathi njengendawo yokucasha nezinto ezisetshenziswa abaphikisi. Ezigidini zabantu eVietnam, lokhu kuholele ezifweni nasekufeni - kuze kube manje, izingane zizalwa eVietnam ezinokukhubazeka kofuzo. Izindawo ezinkulu ezinkudlwana kuneHessen neRhenland-Pfalz eJalimane sezihlatshwa amahlathi kuze kube namuhla, inhlabathi ishiye ingenamuntu futhi ichitheka.

Imisebenzi yezindiza yempi.

Ukungcola emoyeni, enhlabathini nasemanzini angaphansi komhlaba okwakhiwa izindiza zezempi kukhona kusetshenziswe uphethiloli we-NATO. Kunjalo carcinogenic kakhulu ngenxa yezithasiselo ezikhethekile ukungcola komoya.

Lapha futhi, imithwalo yezempilo imbozwe ngenhloso ngamasosha. Inkundla yezempi eningi yempi ingcolile ngokusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali e-PFC asetshenziselwa ukucisha umlilo ngogwebu. I-PFC cishe ayinakuthelela ku-biodegradable futhi ekugcineni ingena emanzini angaphansi komhlaba nemiphumela yesikhathi eside empilweni yabantu. To ukuvuselela amasayithi angcolisiwe ngenxa yezimpi, okungenani amabhiliyoni amadola aseMelika alinganiselwa emhlabeni wonke.

Ukusetshenziswa kwezempi kuvikela ukuvikeleka kwemvelo nokuguqulwa kwamandla.

Ngaphezu kwemithwalo eqondile yendawo ezungezile kanye nesimo sezulu esenziwa ngamasosha, ukusetshenziswa kwemali ephezulu yezikhali kunciphisa imali eningi yokutshala imali ekuvikeleni imvelo, ukubuyiselwa kwemvelo nokushintshwa kwamandla. Ngaphandle kwezikhali, ngeke kube khona isimo samazwe omhlaba sokubambisana esiyisisekelo semizamo yomhlaba yokuvikelwa kwemvelo / ukuvikelwa kwesimo sezulu. Ukusetshenziswa kwezimali kwamasosha aseJalimane kumiselwe ngokusemthethweni cishe i-50 billion ngezigidi ze-2019. Ngokwenyuka okubukhali kwe-Euro, kulindeleke ukuthi baphakamise le nombolo iye cishe ezigidini zama-85 ngokuhambisana nezitha zabo ze-2%. Ngokuphambene, ama-Euro Euro ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-16 kuphela atshalwe amandla angavuseleleka e-2017. Isabelomali seHaushalt des Umweltministeriums (uMnyango Wezemvelo) kufanelekile i-2.6 billion yama-Euro emhlabeni wonke, leli gebe lihlukaniswe ngisho nangaphezulu ngesamba semali engaphezu kwezigidi eziyinkulungwane zama-1.700 amadola aseMelika ngokusetshenziswa kwezempi, ne-United States njengomholi onesizungu. Ukuze kusindiswe isimo sezulu somhlaba futhi ngaleyo ndlela isintu, kumele senze ithuba elicacile, lokuncoma izinhloso zokuqina kwezomnotho emhlabeni jikelele.

Impi nodlame lokuphepha kwezinsiza zoMbuso?

Ukuxhashazwa komhlaba wonke kwezinto ezingavuthiwe kanye nokuthuthwa kwazo kudinga ezepolitiki zamandla zombuso ukuvikela ukufinyelela kwizinsiza zezimbiwa. Imisebenzi yezempi isetshenziswa yi-US, NATO futhi iya ngokwanda yi-EU ukusungula imithombo yayo nemizila yokuhlinzeka ngemithamo yemikhumbi namapayipi. Izimpi bezilokhu zilindelwa (Iraq, Afghanistan, Syria, Mali) Uma ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha okugcwala komhlaba kuthathelwa indawo ngamandla avuselelekayo, angakhiqizwa kakhulu ngokuhloniphekayo, kuqeda isidingo sokubuyiselwa kwezempi nemisebenzi yezempi.

Ukuchitheka komhlaba wonke kwezinsiza kusebenza kungenzeka ngezepolitiki yamandla ezempi. Ukukhiqizwa nokuthengiswa kwemikhiqizo yezimakethe zomhlaba wonke kuholela ekuchithekeni kwemithombo yezimali, futhi ngenxa yokukhula kwamanani emizila yezokuthutha, okuholela ekwandeni kokusetshenziswa kwamandla wezinto zokubasa. Ukuvula amazwe njengezimakethe zemikhiqizo yomhlaba, afakwa ngaphansi kwengcindezi yezempi.

Izimali zomxhaso eziyingozi emvelweni zingama-57 billion ama-Euro (Umweltbundesamt) kanye ne-90% yazo zingcolisa imvelo.

Ukuphunyuka - umphumela wempi nokubhujiswa kwemvelo.

Emhlabeni jikelele, abantu babalekela izimpi, udlame nezinhlekelele zezulu. Abantu abaningi bayasebenza emhlabeni wonke, manje sekungaphezu kwezigidi ze-70. Izimbangela yilezi: izimpi, ubushiqela, ukonakaliswa kwemvelo nemiphumela yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, esevele isimangalisa kakhulu ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba kunaseYurophu Ephakathi. Labo bantu abenze indlela esongela impilo yokuya e-Europe babuyiselwe empini emingceleni yangaphandle futhi bashintshe iMedithera yaba ithuna eliningi.

Isiphetho

Ukuvinjelwa kwezinhlekelele zemvelo, ukuvimbela ezinye izinhlekelele zesimo sezulu esiseduze, ukuphela kwemiphakathi ebizwa ngokuthi ukukhula kanye nokuvikeleka kokuthula nokulwa nezikhali kungamacala amabili ohlamvu lwemali olufanayo, olubizwa ngokuthi ubulungiswa bomhlaba wonke. Le nhloso ingafinyelelwa kuphela ngoguquko olukhulu (noma ngisho nokuguqulwa) noma, ukubeka ngenye indlela, ushintsho lokuguqula ubunikazi - ukuguqulwa kwesistimu esikhundleni sokushintsha kwesimo sezulu! Okungacabangeki kufanele, futhi, kucatshangelwe lapho kubhekene nezinselelo.