'Lezi yizikhathi eziyingozi': indoda emangalele uGeorge W Bush nempi yase-Iraq

Ummangali kwakunguSundus Shaker Saleh, uthisha wase-Iraq, umdwebi nonina wezingane ezinhlanu, owayephoqelekile ukuhamba Iraq ekuhlaseleni nasekuhlaselweni kwezwe okulandelayo empini yombango. Wake wachuma, umndeni wakhe wawuphila ubuphofu e-Amman, eJordani, kusukela nge2005.

Omele uSareh wayengummeli oneminyaka engu-37 osebenza yedwa futhi amaklayenti akhe ajwayelekile angama-tech amancane aqala ukubheka ukuvikela impahla yabo yobuhlakani. Igama lakhe ngu Inder Comar, futhi uma Atticus Finch zazizophinde zithathwe njengomphikisi oshayisanayo, owamasiko amaningi, owasogwini olusentshonalanga, uComar, nonina owayengowaseMexico nobaba waseNdiya, wayenganela. Muhle futhi uyashesha ukumamatheka, yize ayemi ngaphandle kwegceke ngalelo langoMsombuluko elinomoya, wayenesimo. Akukacaci ukuthi isudi entsha iyasiza yini.

“Sengiyitholile,” kusho yena. "Ucabangani?"

Kwakuyisiqeshana ezintathu, esiliva-grey, esinamaphini amnyama amnyama. UComar wayeyithengile ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphambili, ecabanga ukuthi ubukeka njengongqondongqondo futhi onobuhlakani ngangokunokwenzeka, ngoba selokhu abenomqondo wokumangalela abahleli bempi e-Iraq, ubekade azi ukuthi akaqhamuki njenge-crackpot noma i-dilettante. Kepha umthelela wale suti entsha ubuyinqaba: kungaba uhlobo lwento egqokwa ngumuntu onobuhlakani waseTexas, noma isembatho esingahlanekezelwa yintsha angagqokile ukuyothembisa.

Ngosuku olwandulela lolu, efulethini likaComar, wangitshela ukuthi lokhu bekulalele ebaluleke kakhulu emsebenzini wakhe. Wayengakaze aphikise icala ngaphambi komjikelezo wesishiyagalolunye, okuyi-rung eyodwa nje ngaphansi kwenkantolo ephakeme, futhi engazange adle, alale noma avivinya umzimba kahle emasontweni. “Ngisashaqekile namanje ukuthi sizolalelwa,” kusho yena. "Kepha sekuwukunqoba, iqiniso lokuthi amajaji aseMelika azolizwa futhi aliphikise leli phuzu."

Iphuzu: ngabe umongameli, iphini likamongameli kanye nabo bonke abahlela impi bangasolwa ngokomthetho ngemiphumela yako. Imvamisa igatsha elilawulayo lingavikelekile kumacala ahambisana nezenzo ezithathwe ngenkathi kusehhovisi, njengoba kunjalo nazo zonke izisebenzi zikahulumeni; kepha lokhu kuvikeleka kusebenza kuphela uma labo basebenzi besebenza ngaphakathi kwezikhundla zomsebenzi wabo. UComar ubephikisana nokuthi uBush et al ubesebenza ngaphandle kwaleso sivikelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, babenze icala lokuhlukumeza - ukwephula umthetho wamazwe omhlaba.

Ithemba lokuthi, esikhathini samahora ambalwa, iphaneli lamajaji amathathu lizovumelana neComar futhi lifune ukuthi abahleli bempi - lowo owayengumongameli George W Bush, owayeyiphini likamongameli Richard B Cheney, owayengunobhala wezwe Colin Powell, owayengunobhala wezokuvikela UDonald Rumsfeld, owayeyisekela likanobhala wezokuvikela UPaul Wolfowitz kanye nalowo owake waba ngumeluleki wezokuphepha kuzwelonke Condoleezza Rice - uzothweswa icala lokudlwengulwa kwe-Iraq, ukushona kwezakhamizi zase-Iraq ezingaphezu kwe-500,000 kanye nokufuduswa kwezinye izigidi ezinhlanu, bekubonakala kungenakwenzeka.

"Bese kuthi futhi," kusho uComar, "mhlawumbe bake bacabanga ukuthi, 'Kungani ungamniki lo mlisa usuku lakhe enkantolo?'”

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U-Inder Comar ubesesikoleni sezomthetho eNew York University lapho impi iqala, kanti ngenkathi lokhu kuhlasela kusuka kokubi kuya kokubi kuya kokubi kuya kwinhlekelele, uthathe isigaba mayelana nodlame olungavinjelwanga emthethweni wamazwe omhlaba, olwalugxiliwe ekwandisweni okusemthethweni okwabekwa Inkantolo yaseNuremberg. ENuremberg, abashushisi baphikisana ngempumelelo nokuthi, yize ubuholi bamaNazi obabambe ngempi yezwe yesibili belandela imiyalo futhi basebenza ngaphansi kwezikhundla zomsebenzi wabo njengabaphathi bombuso waseJalimane, babenecala lobugebengu obunobudlova nangamacala abantu. AmaNazi ayehlasele izizwe ezizimele ngaphandle kokucasulwa, futhi akakwazanga ukusebenzisa imithetho yasekhaya ukuzivikela. Esitatimendeni sakhe sokuqala, uRobert Jackson, iJaji Lenkantolo Ephakeme yaseMelika kanye nomshushisi oyisikhulu, uthe: "Leli cala libonisa imizamo yabantu yokusebenzisa isijeziso somthetho kubabusi abasebenzise amandla abo wombuso ukuhlasela izisekelo zokuthula komhlaba kanye nokwenza okuphikisana namalungelo komakhelwane babo. ”

Leli cala kubukeka sengathi iComar ibe nokumbambela okungenani okumbalwa, ikakhulukazi ngemuva kokuba umhlaba ukubonile lokho Saddam Hussein wayenakho azikho izikhali zokubhujiswa kwabantu abaningi nokuthi abahleli bokuhlasela babeqale bacabangele ushintsho lombuso e-Iraq esikhathini eside ngaphambi kokuthi kube khona umbono we-WMD. Eminyakeni embalwa eyalandela, umbono wamazwe aqala ukubumbana ngokumelene nobukhona bempi. E-2004, bese kuba unobhala-jikelele we-UN UKofi Annan ubize le mpi ngokuthi “ayikho emthethweni”. Iphalamende laseDashi lalibiza ngokuthi ukwephula umthetho wamazwe omhlaba. Ngo 2009, UBenjamin Ferencz, omunye wabashushisi baseMelika eNuremberg, wabhala ukuthi "kungaphikiswa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi ukuhlasela kwase-Iraq akukho emthethweni".

UComar, ngaleso sikhathi owayengummeli ozimele waseSan Francisco, wayezibuza ukuthi kungani kungekho muntu omangalele abaphathi. Izakhamizi zakwamanye amazwe zingamangalela e-US ukwephulwa komthetho wamazwe omhlaba, ngakho-ke phakathi kokuma okusemthethweni komhlukunyezwa yi-Iraq ngenxa yezimpi kanye nezandulela ezibekwe ukuqulwa kwecala laseNuremberg, uComar wacabanga ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi kukhona icala. Ubalule lokhu kubameli abasebenza nabo kanye noprofesa abakade bekwenza. Abanye babekhuthaza ngobumnene, kepha akekho owacabanga ukuthi isudi elinjalo lingaya ndawo.

Ngaleso sikhathi, iComar ilindele ukuthi omunye umuntu ashushise leli cala. Kunabameli abangaphezu kwezigidi ze-1.3 eMelika, nezinkulungwane zokungenzi inzuzo. Kwafakwa amacala ambalwa, athi le mpi ayikaze igunyazwe kahle yiCongress ngakho-ke ayingokomthethosisekelo. Futhi bekukhona inqwaba yamacala abhekene noRumsfeld mayelana nokusebenzisa kwakhe umthetho wokuhlukumeza ababoshwa. Kepha akekho owakuphikisa ukuthi, lapho behlela futhi beyenza impi, igatsha eliphezulu laphula umthetho.

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E-2013, iComar ibisebenza ngaphandle kwehhovisi okwabelwana ngalo elibizwa ngeHub, elizungezwe iziqalo nokungewona inzuzo. Omunye wabasebenza naye ehhovisi wayesazi umndeni ovelele waseJordaniya owayehlala endaweni yeBay futhi, kusukela kwempi, ubelokhu esiza ababaleki base-Iraq e-Amman. Ngokuhamba kwezinyanga eziningi, bethula iComar kubabaleki abahlala eJordani, phakathi kwabo uSundus Shaker Saleh. UComar noShareh bakhulume ngeSkype, kwathi kuye bathola owesimame othanda futhi onobuhlakani, okwathi eminyakeni engama-12 emva kokuhlaselwa, akazange athukuthele.

USaleh wazalelwa eKarkh, eBaghdad, e1966. Ufunde esikhungweni sezobuciko eBaghdad futhi waba ngumculi nomfundisi ophumelelayo. AmaSherehs ayebambelele enkolweni yamaSabean-Mandean, inkolo elandela izimfundiso zikaJohane uMbhaptizi kodwa egxila endaweni engaphandle kobuKristu noma nobuSulumane. Yize babeyingcosana kune-100,000 Mandeans e-Iraq ngaphambi kwempi, basala bodwa nguHussein. Kungakhathalekile ukuthi waba namacala muni, wagcina indawo lapho izinkolo eziningi zasendulo zase-Iraq zahlala khona ngokuthula.

Ngemuva kokuhlaselwa kwe-US, kwavela i-oda futhi kwagcotshwa okuncane kwezenkolo. USaleh waba yisikhulu sokhetho, futhi yena nomndeni wakhe basatshiswa. Uhlaselwe, waya emaphoyiseni eyofuna usizo, kodwa bathi akukho abangakwenza ukuvikela yena nezingane zakhe. Wahlukana nomyeni wakhe. Uhambe nendodana yabo endala, wahamba nayo yonke eminye imindeni waya eJordani, lapho behlala khona kusukela e2005 ngaphandle kwamapasipoti noma ubuzwe. Usebenze njengesisebenzi sezinceku, umpheki kanye nomthungi wezinsimbi. Indodana yakhe eneminyaka eyi-12 bekufanele ishiye isikole ukuze iyosebenza futhi ifake isandla emholweni womndeni.

NgoMashi 2013, uSareh wabandakanyeka iComar ukufakelela amasudi akhe ngokumelene nabahleli bokuhlasela kwe-Iraq; wayengemukeli mali, noma afune isinxephezelo. NgoMeyi, waya eJordani eyothatha ubufakazi bakhe. “Engikwakhile eminyakeni edlule kuchithwe ngomzuzu owodwa phambi kwamehlo ami,” emtshela. “Umsebenzi wami, isikhundla sami, abazali bami, umndeni wami wonke. Manje sengifuna nje ukuphila. Njengomama. Izingane zami zinjengembali. Kwesinye isikhathi angikwazi ukuwaphuzisa. Ngiyathanda ukubabamba, kepha matasa kakhulu ngizama ukusinda. ”

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"Lezi yizikhathi eziyingozi," uComar ungitshele nge11 Disemba ngonyaka owedlule. Ubengahlelanga ukuthi azolusukumela udaba lukaTrump, kepha ukulalelwa kwakhe kokuqala kwenzeka ngemuva kwenyanga yokhetho futhi nemiphumela yokusebenzisa kabi amandla yayimbi. Icala likaComar laliphathelene nokuphathwa komthetho - umthetho wamazwe omhlaba, umthetho wemvelo - futhi vele uTrump wayengakhombisi inhlonipho ejulile ngezinqubo noma amaqiniso. Amaqiniso asenhliziyweni yempi yase-Iraq. UComar uveza ukuthi baklanywe ngenhloso yokucacisa lokhu kuhlasela, futhi uma kukhona noma yimuphi umongameli ongamanga amaqiniso ukuze avumelane nezinhloso zakhe, kungaba nguTrump, othumela imininingwane engamanga ngokusobala kubalandeli bakhe abayizigidi ze-25. Uma ngabe bekunesikhathi sokucacisa ukuthi yini i-US engakwazi futhi engakwazi ukuyenza ngokuya ngokuhlasela kwezizwe ezizimele, bekungabonakala ukuthi manje sekuyiso.

KwiComar, umphumela ongcono kakhulu ongase ulalelwe usuku olulandelayo kungaba ukuthi inkantolo ilihlehlisele icala ukuthi lizoqulwa icala: liqulwe icala elifanele. Lapho-ke bekuzodingeka alungiselele icala langempela - esikalini senkantolo yaseNuremberg uqobo. Kepha okokuqala bekufanele adlule eWestfall Act.

Igama eliphelele leWestfall Act yiFederal Emp abasebenzies Liability Reform and Tort Complication Act ka1988, futhi lalisenkingeni yomthetho weComar, nowokuvikela kukahulumeni. Ngamafuphi, isenzo sivikela izisebenzi zikahulumeni ezimweni zokwenza amacala ezivela ezenzweni ezingaphakathi kwamandla abo. Uma umsebenzi weposi ehambisa ibhomu engahlosile, angeke aboshwe enkantolo yomphakathi, ngoba bebesebenza ngaphakathi kwemingcele yokuqashwa kwabo.

Isenzo leso sisetshenziswe lapho abamangali bemangalele uRumsfeld ngeqhaza lakhe ekusebenziseni ukuhlukunyezwa. Kuzo zonke izimo, noma kunjalo, izinkantolo zivumile ukufakwa esikhundleni kwe-US njengommangaleli ogama lakhe, esikhundleni sakhe. Isizathu esivelele ukuthi uRumsfeld, njengonobhala wezokuvikela, wanikezwa umsebenzi wokuvikela izwe futhi, uma kudingeka, wahlela futhi wenza izimpi.

UMongameli Bush ukhuluma ngaphambi kokugunyaza ukusetshenziswa kwe-US Force Force ngokumelene ne-Iraq, ngo-Okthoba 2002. Photograph: UWilliam Philpott / Reuters

"Kepha yikhona kanye isinqumo senkantolo eNuremberg," kusho uComar. "AmaNazi aphetha into efanayo: ukuthi ojenene bawo babelwa impi, futhi bakwenza lokho, ukuthi amasosha abo alandela imiyalo. Le yingxabano uNuremberg ayiqedile. ”

UComar uhlala ecansini le-spartan efulethini elisedolobheni iSan Francisco. Ukubuka kungodonga lukasimende olumbozwe nge-moss nama-ferns; igumbi lokugezela lincane kakhulu, isivakashi singageza izandla zaso kusuka ku-foyer. Eshalofini eliseduze kombhede wakhe kukhona incwadi enesihloko Ukudla Izinhlanzi Ezinkulu.

Akumele aphile ngale ndlela. Ngemuva kwesikole sezomthetho, uComar uchithe iminyaka emine kwinkampani yezomthetho ezinkampani, esebenza ngamacala empahla yempahla. Uhambe eyokwakha inkampani yakhe, ukuze akwazi ukuhlukanisa isikhathi sakhe phakathi kwamacala obugebengu bezenhlalo kanye nalawo azokhokha izikweletu. Eminyakeni eyishumi nambili ngemuva kokuphothula iziqu, usathola izikweletu ezibalulekile kwizimalimboleko zakhe zesikole sezomthetho (njengoba enza Barack Obama lapho ethatha isikhundla).

Lapho sikhuluma ngoDisemba, wayenamanye amacala amaningi acindezelayo, kodwa wayelungiselela ukulalelwa cishe kwezinyanga ze-18. Lapho sixoxa, wayelokhu ebuka ngaphandle ngefasitela, ebheke odongeni lwe-moss. Lapho emamatheka, amazinyo akhe akhazimula ekukhanyekeni okuphahlazekile. Wayekhuthele kodwa eshesha ukuhleka, wayekujabulela ukuxoxa ngemibono futhi wayevame ukuthi, “Umbuzo omuhle lowo!” Wayebukeka futhi ekhuluma njengosomabhizinisi bezobuchwepheshe ayebamelela: ecabanga, ezolile, efuna ukwazi, okungenani ngabangazinikeli -i-shot? isimo sengqondo esibalulekile kunoma yikuphi ukuqalisa.

Kusukela yaqala ukufaka i-2013, icala likaComar lalilimele ezinkantolo eziphansi kulokho obekubonakala ngathi ukuhamba kwezithelo okungenamiphumela. Kepha isikhathi sokungenelela sasimnikeze ithuba lokuqinisa isikhashana; Ngesikhathi sokudluliswa kwesikhalo kwakhe noMjikelezo wesishiyagalolunye, wayethole ukwesekwa okungalindelekile kusuka kubameli abanohlonze abayisishiyagalombili, ngamunye kubo enezela ngamafilimu abo. Kuyaphawuleka phakathi kwabo URamsey Clark, owayengummeli-jikelele wase-US ngaphansi ULyndon B Johnson, noMarjorie Cohn, owayengumongameli we I-National Lawyers Guild. UComar ube esezwakala esisekelweni esakhiwa uBenjamin Ferencz, umshushisi waseNuremberg oneminyaka engu-97 ayesibhalele: I-Planeocracy Foundation yafaka isikhashana ngama-amicus.

"Lezo zimfushane zibaluleke kakhulu," kusho uComar. "Inkantolo ibone ukuthi kunebutho elincane ngemuva kwalokhu. Bekungeyona nje indoda ehlanya eSan Francisco. ”

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NgoMsombuluko i-12 Disemba iyabanda futhi iqhuma. Inkantolo lapho icala lizobanjelwa khona likhona ku-Mission Street naku-7th Street, ngaphansi kwamamitha we-30 lapho izidakamizwa zithengwa khona obala futhi zidliwe. Nge-Comar uyi UCurtis Doebbler, uprofesa wezomthetho ovela eGeneva School of Diplomacy and International Relations; wandiza ngobusuku bangaphambilini. Unentshebe, uboniwe futhi uthule. Ngomuthi wakhe omude omnyama kanye namehlo agqamile, unomoya womuntu ophuma ngobusuku obunenkungu ephethe izindaba ezimbi. UComar uhlose ukumnikeza imizuzu emihlanu ye-15 yakhe ukuthi agxile kuleli cala ngokubuka komthetho wamazwe omhlaba.

Singena enkantolo enkantolo ngehora lesishiyagalombili. Zonke izikhalazo zasekuseni kulindeleke ukuthi zifike ngabayisishiyagalolunye zilalele ngenhlonipho amanye amacala asesekuseni. Inkantolo yincane, inezihlalo cishe ze-30 zababukeli kanye nabahlanganyeli. Ibhentshi lamajaji liphezulu futhi lithe chithi saka. Ngayinye yamajaji amathathu inemakrofoni, imbiza encane yamanzi nebhokisi lezicubu.

Ukubhekana namajaji kuyipodium lapho abameli bethula khona izingxabano zabo. Akubonakalanga izinto ezimbili: ucezu lwephepha olushicilelwe olunamagama amajaji - uHurwitz, uGraber noBoulware - kanye nedivayisi, ubungako bewashi le-alamu, elinamalambu amathathu ayindilinga kulo: luhlaza, luphuzi, lubomvu. Isibonisi sewashi ledijithali sisethwe ku-10.00. Lesi yisibali sikhathi, esibalwa sibuyele emuva ku-0, esizotshela i-Inder Comar ukuthi ushiye isikhathi esingakanani.

Kubalulekile ukuchaza ukuthi ukuzwa phambi kwe-Tena Circuit kusho ukuthini futhi akusho. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuyinkantolo enamandla amakhulu amajaji ayo ahlonishwa kakhulu futhi aqine ekukhetheni ukuthi yimaphi amacala awezwayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abazami amacala. Esikhundleni salokho, bangaxhasa isinqumo senkantolo ephansi noma bangabuyisela icala (balibuyisele enkantolo ephansi ukuze liqulwe ngempela). Lokhu kufunwa yiComar: ilungelo lokulalelwa kwangempela ngobuningi bempi.

Iqiniso lokugcina elibalulekile lomjikelezo wesishiyagalolunye ukuthi ubeka izabelo phakathi kwe-10 ne-15 imizuzu ecaleni ngalinye. Ummangalelwa unikezwa imizuzu ye-10 yokuchaza ukuthi kungani isinqumo senkantolo ephansi besingalungile, kanti ummangalelwa unikezwa imizuzu ye-10 yokuchaza ukuthi kungani lesisinqumo esedlule sasinjalo. Kwezinye izimo, ngokusobala lapho inkinga ibaluleke kakhulu, amacala anikezwa imizuzu ye-15.

Abamangalelwa ecaleni le-karaoke, phakathi kwamanye amacala lelo kusasa, banikezwe imizuzu ye-10. Icala likaComar noShareh linikezwe i-15. Okungenani ukuqanjwa kwesihloko ekubalulekeni okuphathelene nodaba olususondele: umbuzo wokuthi ngabe i-US ingahlasela amazwe azimele ngaphansi kokuzenzisa kwamanga - okwandulelayo nemiphumela.

Bese kuthi futhi, inkukhu yenkukhu yasePapayes inikezwe imizuzu ye-15, nayo.

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Ukuqala kosuku kuqala, futhi kunoma ngubani ongenazo iziqu zomthetho, amacala aphambi kweComar awasho lutho. Abameli abethuli ubufakazi, babiza ofakazi futhi baphenya. Esikhundleni salokho, isikhathi ngasinye lapho kubizwa icala, kulandela okulandelayo. Ummeli unyukela phezulu ku-podium, kwesinye isikhathi ephendukela ezilalelini ukuze athole isibindi sokugcina kusuka ku-osebenza naye noma othandekayo. Ngemuva kwalokho ummeli uletha amaphepha akhe epulini bese uwahlela ngokucophelela. Kula makhasi - nakanjani kwiComar's - kukhona okubhalwe phansi, kucocekile, kucwaningwe ngokujulile, ukuthi uzothini ummeli. Njengoba amaphepha ehlelekile, ummeli ukhombisa ukuthi usekulungele, umabhalane uqala i-timer, bese i-10.00 isheshe ibe yi-8.23 ne-4.56 bese kuba yi-2.00, lapho ukukhanya okuluhlaza kuvela ophuzi. Kuyamangaza kubo bonke. Asikho isikhathi esanele.

Futhi akukho kulesi sikhathi esingeso sommangali. Ngaphandle kokukhetha, ngaphakathi kwemizuzwana yokuqala ye-90, amajaji ayaxosha. Abafuni ukuzwa izinkulumo. Bafunde izithangami futhi bacwaninga ngamacala; bafuna ukungena enyameni yayo. Ezindlebeni ezingafundile, okuningi kwalokho okwenzeka enkantolo yezwe kuzwakala njenge-sophology - ukuhlola amandla engxabano yomthetho, ukuphakamisa kanye nokuhlola ama-hypotheticals, ulimi oluhlolisisa, izilimi zemizwa, ubuchwepheshe.

I-Inder Comar enoSundus Shaker Saleh ekhaya lakhe eJordani ngoMeyi 2013

Amajaji anezitayela ezihluke kakhulu. U-Andrew Hurwitz, ngakwesokunxele, wenza iningi lokukhuluma. Phambi kwakhe kukhona indebe ende I-Equator ikhofi; ngesikhathi secala lokuqala, uyaliqeda. Ngemuva kwalokho, ubonakala edidizela. Njengoba ephazamisa abameli, uphendukela kaninginingi kwabanye, uma enza sengathi uthi, “Ngabe ngiqinisile? Ngabe ngiqinisile? ”Kubukeka sengathi ujabule, uyamamatheka futhi uyahlekisa futhi uhlala wenza umshado. Ngesinye isikhathi uyacaphuna Seinfeld, ethi, "Akunasobho lakho." Ngesikhathi secala lekaraoke, unikeza ukuthi ungumthandi. Uthi: “Ngingumthengi we-karaoke. Ube esephendukela kwamanye amajaji amabili, njengokungathi athi, “Ngiqinisile? Nginembile? ”

UJustice Susan Graber, ophakathi, akabuyiseli ubukhazikhazi bukaHurwitz. Ubuka phambili aqonde engxenyeni engcono yamahora amathathu. Unesikhumba esihle futhi izihlathi zakhe zinhle, kepha ukuthinteka kwakhe kukhulu. Izinwele zakhe zimfushane, izingilazi zakhe zimfishane; ubuka ummeli ngamunye phansi, angaqedi, umlomo wakhe usezandleni zokwethuka.

Ngakwesobunxele kukhona uJustice Richard Boulware, omncane, wase-American American futhi onokhokho abanohlonze. Uhleli ngesibongo, okusho ukuthi akayilunga laphakade loMjikelezo weSishiyagalolunye. Uyamamatheka njalo kodwa, njengoGraber, unendlela yokulandela izindebe zakhe, noma ukubeka isandla sakhe enkalweni noma esihlathini, okukhombisa ukuthi ubekezelela neze ubuze obukhona phambi kwakhe.

Njengoba ihora lisondela kwi-11, iComar iba novalo xaxa. Lapho, e11.03, umabhalane ememezela, “uSundus Saleh v George Bush, ”Kunzima ukungazizwa ukhathazekile ngaye nohla lwamakhasi akhe amabili acocekile.

Ukukhanya kuya eluhlaza bese i-Comar iqala. Ukhuluma isikhathi esingaphezu komzuzu owodwa ngaphambi kokuthi uGraber aphazamise. Uthi: “Ake sibaxoshe.

“Impela,” kusho uComar.

“Njengoba ngifunda amacala la,” kusho yena, "isenzo sabasebenzi bezenhlangano singaba sibi kakhulu futhi simbozwe yiWestfall Act, sibe yingxenye yomsebenzi wabo, ngakho-ke singaphansi komthetho weWestfall Act. Ngabe awuvumelani nalokho njengezimiso ezijwayelekile? ”

"Angiphikisani nalokho njengezimiso ezijwayelekile," kusho uComar.

“Kulungile,” kusho uGraber, "ngakho-ke yini ehlukile ngale nto ethile?"

Yebo, nansi indawo lapho uComar wayehlose ukusho khona, “Okwenza le nto ehlukile ihluke ukuthi bekuyimpi. Impi esekelwe kokuzenzisa kwamanga namaqiniso akhiqizwayo. Impi eyadala ukufa kwabantu okungenani kwengxenye yesigidi. Imiphefumulo yengxenye yesigidi, nesizwe sabhujiswa. "Kepha kuthe kusashisa nje, izinzwa zakhe zahlukumezeka nengqondo yakhe yahlanganiswa, yaziphendulela," kuphendula, "ngicabanga ukuthi kudingeka singene emsileni womthetho we-DC sibheke amacala e-DC lapho kulawo… ”

UHurwitz uyamphazamisa, futhi ukusuka lapho sekuphele yonke indawo, amajaji amathathu aphazamisa omunye nomunye noComar, kodwa ngokuyinhloko kumayelana neWestfall Act nokuthi uBush, uCheney, uRumsfeld kanye noWolfowitz bebesebenza ngaphakathi kwezinga lokuqashwa kwabo. Kuyinto, okwemizuzu embalwa, kunciphisa amahlaya. Ngesinye isikhathi uHurwitz ubuza ukuthi noma cha, uma kukhona omunye wabamangalelwa olimele, bazothola isinxephezelo somuntu osebenza. Iphuzu lakhe ukuthi uMengameli neKhabhinethi yakhe babeyizisebenzi zikahulumeni, futhi bekwenzela izinzuzo nobungozi bomsebenzi. Ingxoxo ilingana nephethini yosuku olukhulu losuku, lapho kubukwa khona imidwebo esetshenziswayo, ikakhulukazi emoyeni wokuhlekisa ngamathiphu obuchopho, njengephazili noma amagama womdlalo we-chess.

Ngemuva kwemizuzu eyisishiyagalolunye, iComar ihlala phansi bese inikezela imizuzu emihlanu elandelayo eDoebbler. Njengomgibeli wokusiza othola insimbi ekutholeni umugqa ophikisana nabaphikisi, uDoebbler uqala endaweni ehlukile ngokuphelele, futhi okokuqala ngqa imiphumela yempi ishiwo: "Lokhu akuyona inkambiso yakho yesiko," esho. "Lesi yisenzo esabhidliza izimpilo zezigidi zabantu. Asikhulumi ukuthi noma isikhulu sikahulumeni senza nje okuthile okungaba yimibandela yokusebenza kwakhe, ngaphakathi kwehhovisi lakhe, okudala ukulimala… ”

“Ake ngikuyeke umzuzwana,” kusho uHurwitz. “Ngifuna ukuqonda umehluko ngengxabano oyikhulumayo. Osebenza naye uthi akufanele sithole iWestfall Act ukuthi ifake isicelo ngoba ibingasebenzi ngaphansi kokuqashwa kwabo. Ake sicabange ukuthi babeyesikhashana. Ngabe uyaphikisana nokuthi ngabe bekunjalo, iWestfall Act ayisebenzi? ”

Imizuzu emihlanu kaDoebbler idlula, khona-ke isikhathi sikahulumeni. Ummeli wabo umayelana ne-30, i-lanky ne-loose. Ubonakala engethuki kangako njengoba elungisa impikiswano yeComar, cishe ngokuphelele ngesisekelo seWestfall Act. Unikezwe imizuzu ye-15 ukuvikela uhulumeni ngamacala wempi engalungile, usebenzisa i-11 kuphela.

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Ngenkathi umjikelezo wesishiyagalolunye ukhipha isinqumo ngokuvinjelwa kokuhamba kukaTrump ku-9 ngoFebhuwari, imithombo eminingi yezindaba yaseMelika, futhi impela uMelika wahamba, wagubha Ukuzimisela kwenkantolo ukukhuphuka nokubheka amandla kamongameli ngomqondo ojwayelekile ongafani nokwahlulela. I-White House yaseTrump, kusukela osukwini lwayo lokuqala, yayikhombise ukuthambekela okuqinile esenzweni sobumbano, futhi ngeRepublican Congress ngaseceleni kwakhe, kwakukhona igatsha lezobulungiswa kuphela elalizomisa amandla alo. Umjikelezo wesishiyagalolunye wenze lokho kanye.

Ngosuku olulandelayo, iSekethe lesishiyagalolunye ekugcineni labusa eSaleh v Bush, futhi lapha benza okuphambene. Bakugcizelele ukungazeleleki kugatsha oluphezulu, noma ngabe bukhulu kangakanani ubugebengu. Umbono wabo uqukethe lesi sigwebo esijabulisayo: "Ngesikhathi kudluliswa umthetho waseWestfall, bekusobala ukuthi lokhu kungaziphathi kahle kuhlanganisa nezenzo ezimbi kakhulu."

Umbono ngamakhasi we-25 ubude futhi ubheka amaphuzu amaningi enziwe isikhalazo seComar, kepha awukho kulawo maqiniso. Ngokuphindaphindwe inkantolo ihlasela umthetho i-Westfall Act, iphike futhi nanoma yimuphi omunye umthetho uyifaka esikhundleni - ngisho nezivumelwano eziningi ezivimbela ubudlova isivumelwano se-UN. Umbono uzibopha njengezinduku ukucacisa ukudalelwa kwawo, kepha unikeza isibonelo esisodwa secala elingahle lingavezwa ngumthetho: “Isikhulu sikahulumeni singalandela izinhloso 'zomuntu' uma, ngokwesibonelo, sisebenzisa isisekelo sezinhloso zakhe ehhovisi ukuze kusizakale ibhizinisi lomlingani, anganaki umonakalo odalekile enhlalakahleni yomphakathi. "

"Lokho bekubhekisele kuTrump," kusho uComar. Okushiwo ukuthi ukubulawa kwempi okungenabulungiswa akushushiswa; kodwa ukuthi uma umongameli wamanje ezosebenzisa ihhovisi lakhe ukusiza MelaniaImikhiqizo, ngokwesibonelo, inkantolo ingahle iveze okuthile ngayo.

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Kusele usuku ngemuva kwesinqumo, kanti uComar uhlala efulethini lakhe, usaqhubeka nokusebenza. Uthole umbono ekuseni, kepha wayengenawo amandla okukufunda kuze kube ntambama; wayazi ukuthi kwakungekho emthandweni wakhe nokuthi icala lashona ngempumelelo. Manje uSaleh uhlala ezweni lesithathu njengomuntu ofuna indawo yokukhosela, futhi ubhekene nezinkinga zezempilo. Ukhathele futhi akasenandawo empilweni yakhe yamacala.

I-Comar, nayo, ikhathele. Leli cala selithathe cishe iminyaka emine ukufika kwi-Ninth Circuit. Ukuqikelela ukuveza ukubonga kwakhe ngokuthi inkantolo ikuzwile okokuqala. “Okuhle ukuthi bakubambe njengento ebaluleke kakhulu. Baxazulule zonke izingxabano. ”

Uyabubula, bese ecacisa ngezinkinga inkantolo ezingazange zizidingide. "Banamandla okubheka umthetho wamazwe omhlaba futhi babheke ukuthi ubudlova yinto evamile." Ngamanye amagama, isekethe lesishiyagalombili lingaqashelwa ukwenza izimpi ezingekho emthethweni njengecala "eliphakeme", njengoba amajaji ayeseNuremberg, ngaphansi izinga elihlukile lokuhlolisisa. “Kepha abaze. Bathe, 'Singakwenza lokho, kepha asihambi namhlanje.' Ngokusho kwalesi sinqumo, i-White House neCongress zingabulala ngokuqothula igama lezokuphepha ezweni, futhi zivikeleke. "

Njengoba icala ekugcineni, iComar ihlela ukulala futhi isebenze. Uqedela isivumelwano sokutholwa nenkampani yezobuchwepheshe. Kepha uhlala ekhathazekile ngemiphumela yesinqumo. “Ngijabule kakhulu ukuthi inkantolo inselela uTrump esimweni sokufuduka. Kepha, ngasiphi isizathu, uma kukhulunywa ngempi nokuthula, e-US kuboshwe nje enye ingxenye yobuchopho bethu. Asikubusi nje lokho. Sidinga ukuthi sibe nengxoxo yokuthi kungani sihlala silwa. Futhi kungani sihlala sikwenza ngokungathandelani. ”

Iqiniso lokuthi abaphathi bakwaBush bayiqhuba le mpi ngaphandle kwemiphumela yabo ayiqinisa nje iTrump, kodwa kusho uComar kodwa nolaka kwenye indawo emhlabeni. "AbaseRussia bakhulume ne-Iraq ukucacisa [ukuhlasela kwabo] ECrimea. Bona nabanye basebenzisa i-Iraq njengesibonelo. Ngiqonde ukuthi izivumelwano namashadi esiwakhiqayo asungula indlela yokuthi, uma ufuna ukwenza udlame, kufanele ukwenze ngokusemthethweni. Kufanele uthole isisombululo ku-UN futhi usebenzisane nabalingani bakho. Kepha lonke lolu hlelo luyambulelwa - futhi lokho kwenza umhlaba ube yindawo ephephe kakhulu. ”