By UChristoph Schult futhi U-Klaus Wiegrefe, Spiegel Online
Ngokusebenzisana nokuthola izinto ezingabazisayo, iqembu elisondelene nomkhuzi wezempi omkhulu we-NATO uPhilip Breedlove lifune ukuvikela ukuthunyelwa kwezikhali e-Ukraine, kwembulwe inqwaba yama-imeyili asanda kukhishwa. Imizamo yasiza ukuqinisa ukungqubuzana phakathi kweNtshonalanga neRussia.
n ngasese, ujenene uthanda ukugqoka isikhumba. UPhilip Mark Breedlove, 60, ungumlandeli owaziwayo we-Harley-Davidson, futhi kuze kube emasontweni ambalwa edlule, uphinde wasebenza njengomphathi we-NATO kanye namasosha aseMelika eYurophu. Ngisho nangesikhathi sokuphatha kwakhe njengomholi wezempi womfelandawonye, ujenene wezinkanyezi ezine waseMelika wayehweba umfaniswano wakhe we-Air Force oluhlaza ngegiya lezithuthuthu futhi ahlole imigwaqo yaseYurophu nabangane bakhe.
Izithombe zikhombisa indoda enamahlombe abanzi, inyakaza ebanzi kanye nokumamatheka okubanzi nakakhulu. Izithombe zokuvakasha kwezithuthuthu zikajenene zisanda kuvezwa esidlangalaleni engosini ye-inthanethi i-DC Leaks. Ukuzithiba, kubonakala, kwakungeyona into kaBreedlove.
Izithombe ziyingxenye ejabulisayo yeqoqo eliqhumayo lezincwadi eziyimfihlo ze-Breedlove ze-imeyili. Iningi lama-imeyili antshontshiwe angu-1,096 ahlehlela emuva ezinyangeni eziyi-12 zenhlekelele yase-Ukraine ngemva kokuba iRussia ithathe iCrimea ngoMashi 2014. Izinkulungwane zashona ezingxabanweni phakathi kwamasosha aseKiev kanye nabahlukanisi ababehambisana neMoscow. Izakhamuzi ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezimbili zabaleka empumalanga ye-Ukraine.
I-Russia isekela ama-separatists ngezikhali, ama-fighters kanye nabaxhumanisi. Ngenkathi abantu beqala ukubiza iWashington ukuthi nayo ingenelele kakhulu ngo-2015, ingxabano yase-Ukraine yabeka engcupheni yokukhula ibe impi phakathi kweMpumalanga neNtshonalanga.
Ukukhathazeka Kwasekuqaleni
Ama-imeyili asanda kuputshuzwa aveza inethiwekhi yomshoshaphansi yabavukeli baseNtshonalanga bezungeza induna yezempi ye-NATO, okukhona kwayo okwabhebhethekisa ingxabano e-Ukraine. Iningi lamadlelandawonye atholwe kuzitatimende zomphakathi ezishaqisayo zeBreedlove mayelana nokunyakaza kwamasosha amakhulu aseRussia okubangela ukukhathazeka kusenesikhathi. Ngasekuqaleni konyaka, ujenene ubeqinisekisa umhlaba ukuthi i-US European Command "ivimbela iRussia manje futhi ilungiselela ukulwa nokuwina uma kunesidingo."
Ama-imeyili abhala okokuqala imithombo engabazekayo u-Breedlove ayethola kuyo ulwazi lwakhe. Wayenehaba ngemisebenzi yaseRussia empumalanga ye-Ukraine ngomgomo osobala wokuletha izikhali eKiev.
Ujenene kanye nozakwabo ababenomqondo ofanayo babona uMongameli waseMelika uBarack Obama, umkhuzi omkhulu wawo wonke amabutho aseMelika, kanye noShansela waseJalimane u-Angela Merkel njengezithiyo. U-Obama noMerkel "babenganakile kwezombusazwe futhi bengakhiqizi kahle" ezicelweni zabo zokuthi kwehliswe umnotho, ngokusho kukaPhillip Karber, ophakathi nendawo kunethiwekhi yeBreedlove obedlulisela imininingwane esuka e-Ukraine eya kujenene.
"Ngicabanga ukuthi i-POTUS isibona njengosongo okufanele luncishiswe, ... okusho ukuthi ungangingenisi empini????" UBreedlove ubhale nge-imeyili eyodwa, esebenzisa isifinyezo sikamongameli wase-United States. Kungenzeka kanjani ukuthi u-Obama athonywe ukuthi "ahileleke" kakhulu engxabanweni yase-Ukraine - funda: ukuletha izikhali - uBreedlove wayebuze owayenguNobhala Wezwe u-Colin Powell.
UBreedlove wafuna iseluleko kwabanye abantu abavelele kakhulu, ama-imeyili akhe abonisa. Phakathi kwabo kwakukhona u-Wesley Clark, owandulela u-Breedlove e-NATO, u-Victoria Nuland, umsizi kanobhala wezwe wezindaba zaseYurophu kanye ne-Eurasian eMnyangweni WezoMbuso, kanye noGeoffrey Pyatt, inxusa laseMelika eKiev.
Igama elilodwa ebelilokhu livela kwakungu-Phillip Karber, umsizi kaprofesa waseGeorgetown University e-Washington DC kanye nomongameli we-Potomac Foundation, ithangi lokucabanga elilandelanayo elasungulwa yilowo owayengusonkontileka wezokuvikela i-BDM. Ngokwe-akhawunti yaso, isisekelo sisize amazwe asempumalanga yeYurophu ukulungiselela ukungena kwawo ku-NATO. Manje iphalamende lase-Ukraine kanye nohulumeni waseKiev babecela usizo lukaKarber.
Iziteshi Ezifihlekile
NgoFebhuwari 16, 2015, lapho isimo esibucayi sase-Ukraine sesifinyelele umvuthwandaba, uKarber wabhala i-imeyili eya ku-Breedlove, Clark, Pyatt kanye noRose Gottemoeller, unobhala ongaphansi wokulawulwa kwezikhali nokuvikeleka kwamazwe ngamazwe eMnyangweni Wezwe, ozothuthela eBrussels. ukuwa ukuthatha isikhundla sokuba iphini likanobhala jikelele we-NATO. U-Karber wayeseWarsaw, futhi wathi uthole iziteshi eziyimfihlo zokuthola izikhali e-Ukraine - ngaphandle kokuthi i-US ihileleke ngokuqondile.
Ngokusho kwe-imeyili, iPakistan yayinikele, "ngaphansi kwetafula," ukuthengisa iziqhumane eziphathwayo ze-TOW-II zase-Ukraine ezingama-500 kanye nemicibisholo engu-8,000 TOW-II. Ukulethwa kungaqala phakathi namasonto amabili. Ngisho namaPoles ayezimisele ukuqala ukuthumela “amathangi e-T-72 anakekelwe kahle, kanye nezibhamu ezingamakhulu amaningana ze-SP 122mm, nama-SP-122 howwitzers (kanye nenani elikhulu lezinhlamvu zezikhali zazo zombili)” ezazisele kusukela enkathini yamaSoviet. Ukuthengisa kungenzeka kunganakwa, kusho uKarber, ngoba izikhali ezindala zasePoland "cishe zazingabonakali kwezase-Ukraine."
U-Karber waphawula, nokho, ukuthi i-Pakistan ne-Poland ngeke yenze noma yikuphi ukudiliva ngaphandle kwemvume ye-US engakahleleki. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iWarsaw izobe izimisele kuphela ukusiza uma ukulethwa kwayo eKiev kuthathelwa indawo izikhali ezintsha, ezisezingeni eliphezulu ezivela ku-NATO.
UKarber waphetha incwadi yakhe ngesixwayiso: “Isikhathi sesiphelile.” Ngaphandle kosizo olusheshayo, ibutho lase-Ukraine “lalingase libhekane nethemba lokuwa phakathi nezinsuku ezingu-30.”
“Stark,” kuphendula uBreedlove. "Ngingase ngihlanganyele okunye kwalokhu kodwa ngizozisula kahle izigxivizo zeminwe."
NgoMashi, uKarber waphinde wahambela eWarsaw ukuze, njengoba atshela uBreedlove, abonisane namalungu aholayo eqembu elibusayo, ngesidingo “sokunikeza ngokuthula arty (ama-eds: izikhali) kanye nezikhali ze-antitank eziya e-Ukraine."
Okucasule kakhulu uBreedlove, uClark noKarber, akwenzekanga lutho. Labo ababenecala bahlonzwa ngokushesha. UMkhandlu Kazwelonke Wezokuphepha, umbuthano wabeluleki baka-Obama, "bebehlisa izinto," kukhononda uKarber. UClark wakhomba umunwe wakhe ngqo e-White House, ebhala, "Inkinga yethu iphakeme kuneState," okubhekiselwe eMnyangweni Wezwe.
Izinto ongazenza e- Germany
UBreedlove kanye nabakhankasi asebenza nabo nabo babenohulumeni wobumbano waseJalimane emehlweni abo kusenesikhathi. Ngo-Ephreli 2014, uClark wathumela i-imeyili kuNuland noBreedlove futhi wabhala ukuthi uMongameli waseBulgaria uRosen Plevneliev wayesho ukuthi kukhona "inkinga ngesimo sengqondo saseJalimane" mayelana "nomkhakha wethonya."
Imizamo kaMerkel kanye noNgqongqoshe Wezangaphandle waseJalimane uFrank-Walter Steinmeier yokuthola isixazululo esinokuthula enkingeni yase-Ukraine kuvezwe ngabashisekeli bokuqina njengokulungela eBerlin ukuvumela iRussia ukuthi ihlukumeze i-Ukraine.
Ukuze bakhe ingcindezi yosizo lwezikhali olufunwayo, uClark noKarber baqala ukudweba izimo ezimbi. Uma iNtshonalanga yayingayishiya i-Ukraine, owayeyi-NATO Supreme Allied Commander Europe Clark waprofetha, iChina izobe isikhuthazwa ukuba yandise umkhakha wayo wethonya ePacific. Kungase futhi kuholele ekuweni kwe-NATO. Lesi simo singavinjelwa kuphela ngosizo lwezempi, baphikisana. Ngomhla ziyisi-8 kuNovemba, i-2014 uClark wakhalisa i-alamu ngaphakathi ngemuva kwezingxoxo noMongameli wase-Ukraine uPetro Poroshenko, abeluleki bakhe kanye nezikhulu eziphezulu zezempi nezobunhloli. Abase-Ukraine bebelindele ukuhlasela ngasekupheleni kwenyanga.
UBreedlove uphendule wathi, "Ngizogxila kulokhu ngokushesha." Ubuye wabhala, "Enye yezinkinga zethu ezinkulu" ukuthi omunye wabalingani base-United States ubelokhu ephika okutholwe ubuhlakani bayo. Le nkulumo ibiqondiswe enhlanganweni yezobunhloli yangaphandle yaseJalimane i-BND, ebigodliwe kakhulu ekuhloleni kwayo isimo - okuyisikhundla ebesizobonakala silungile uma sibheka emuva.
‘Ingaphambili Selikhona Yonke Indawo’
Ama-imeyili kaKarber ayehlale enza kuzwakale sengathi i-apocalypse yayisele amasonto ambalwa nje. "I-front manje ikhona yonke indawo," etshela i-Breedlove ku-imeyili ekuqaleni kwe-2015, wengeza ukuthi ama-ejenti aseRussia kanye nama-proxies abo "sebeqalile ukwethula uchungechunge lokuhlasela kwamaphekula, ukubulawa, ukuthumba kanye nokuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu," ngomzamo wokunciphisa ukuqina. I-Kiev namanye amadolobha ase-Ukraine.
Ku-imeyili eya ku-Breedlove, uClark uchaze uchwepheshe wezokuvikela uKarber ngokuthi “ohlakaniphile.” Ngemva kokuvakasha kokuqala, u-Breedlove wabonisa ukuthi naye wayehlabeke umxhwele. “Ukuvakasha okuhle,” ebhala. U-Karber, indoda ematasatasa ngokwedlulele, ekuqaleni wayebonakala eyisishoshovu esibalulekile ngoba wayevamise - okungenani izikhathi eziyishumi nambili nge-akhawunti yakhe - aye phambili futhi akhulume nabaphathi base-Ukraine. Ihhovisi lenxusa laseMelika eKiev nalo lithembele kuKarber ngolwazi ngoba lalingenayo eyalo imithombo. “Siyizimpumputhe kakhulu,” kubhala ummeleli wenxusa lenxusa ku-imeyili.
Ngezinye izikhathi, izigebengu zikaKarber zifundeka njenge-prose. Kokunye, wabhala mayelana nemikhosi kaKhisimusi ka-2014 ayichitha ekanye no-Dnipro-1, ibutho lamavolontiya e-ultranationalist. "Amathosi nevodka agelezayo, abesifazane bacula iculo lesizwe lase-Ukraine - akekho oneso elomile."
U-Karber wayenezinto ezinhle kuphela zokubika mayelana nophiko, oseluvele lwachithwa njengebutho elizimele le-oligarch. Wabhala ukuthi abasebenzi namavolontiya babebuswa abantu abasezingeni eliphakathi nokuthi kwakukhona izisebenzi ezinkulu “ezazisebenza nangamaholide.” UBreedlove uphendule ngokuthi le mininingwane “yayithola indlela yokungena ezindaweni ezifanele.”
Umfanekiso Onempikiswano Kakhulu
Eqinisweni, uKarber ungumuntu ophikisana kakhulu. Ngeminyaka yawo-1980, isisebenzi se-BDM esinesikhathi eside, sasibalwa phakathi koklebe abanonya kakhulu beMpi Yomshoshaphansi. Emuva ngo-1985, waxwayisa ngokuhlaselwa kweSoviet okwakusondela ngesisekelo semibhalo ayeyihumushe ngokungalungile.
Uphinde wenza iphutha ngesikhathi senhlekelele yase-Ukraine ngemuva kokuthumela izithombe kuSenator waseMelika uJames Inhofe, ethi ukhombisa amayunithi aseRussia e-Ukraine. U-Inhofe ukhiphe lezi zithombe esidlangalaleni, kodwa kwasheshe kwavela ukuthi enye yaqhamuka empini yango-2008 eGeorgia.
NgoNovemba 10, 2014, kwakamuva, uBreedlove kufanele ukuthi wayesebonile ukuthi ummemezeli wakhe wayeseqhweni elincanyana. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho uKarber abika khona ukuthi abahlukanisi babeqhosha ngokuthi banempi yenuzi ehlakaniphile yodaka lwe-2S4. U-Karber ngokwakhe uchaze lezi zindaba ngokuthi "ziyinqaba," kodwa futhi wanezela ukuthi "kunezinto eziningi 'ezihlanyayo' ezenzekayo" e-Ukraine.
Izizathu zokuthi u-Breedlove waqhubeka nokuthembela ku-Karber naphezu kwemibiko enjalo engamanga ahlala engacacile. Ingabe wayezimisele ukukhokhela izindleko zokudiliva izikhali? Noma wayenezinye izisusa? Ama-imeyili akhombisa izinga u-Breedlove kanye nabanye abakhankasi ayesaba ukuthi iCongress ingase yehlise inani lamasosha ase-US eYurophu.
U-Karber uqinisekise ubuqiniso bezincwadi ze-imeyili eziputshuziwe. Mayelana nemibuzo emayelana nokunemba kwemibiko yakhe, utshele i-SPIEGEL ukuthi, “njenganoma yiluphi ulwazi olutholakala ekubukeni okuqondile ngaphambili phakathi ‘nenkungu yempi,’ luyingxenye, luzwela isikhathi, futhi lubonwa ngombono womuntu siqu.” Uma ngibheka emuva ngenzuzo yokubheka emuva kanye nombono obanzi, “Ngikholelwa ukuthi ngangilungile kunokungalungile,” kubhala uKarber, “kodwa ngokuqinisekile angiphelele.” Uyanezela, “ezinsukwini ezingu-170 ngisempini, angikaze ngihlangane nebutho lezempi noma isikhulu saseJalimane sibukele ngokuqondile impi.”
Intshisekelo Enkulu eBerlin
Izincwadi ze-imeyili eziputshuziwe zeBreedlove zafundwa eBerlin ngesasasa elikhulu. Ngonyaka odlule, izwi le-NATO "inkulumo-ze eyingozi" yayizungeza iChancellery yaseMerkel. Ngenxa yolwazi olusha, izikhulu zazizwa ziqinisekisiwe ekuhloleni kwazo. I-Federal Foreign Office yaseJalimane iye yazwakalisa umuzwa ofanayo, ithi ngenhlanhla “amazwi anethonya ayelokhu ekhuthaza ngokuqhubekayo ngokumelene nokulethwa ‘kwezikhali ezibulalayo.’”
U-Karber uthi ukuthola “kuyichilo ukuthi unswinyo oluphumelela kakhulu lwale mpi akuyona imingcele yezomnotho ebekwe eRussia, kodwa ukuvinjelwa okuphelele kwalo lonke usizo olubulalayo kulowo ohlukunyeziwe. Lokhu ngikubona kuwubude bobucwepheshe - uma owesifazane ehlaselwa yiqembu lezixhwanguxhwangu bese ememeza esixukwini noma kwabadlulayo ethi, 'Nginikeni ikani lamacembe,' kungcono yini ukungalinikezi ngoba abahlaseli bangakwazi. ngibe nommese bese ubuka nje edlwengulwa?"
Ukuhamba kukaGeneral Breedlove esikhundleni sakhe se-NATO ngoMeyi akwenzanga okuncane ukubeka noma ngubani kuhulumeni waseJalimane. Phela indoda uBreedlove abeyibheka njengesithiyo, uMengameli Obama, usezophela ihlandla lakhe lesibili. Ongase abe ngumlandeli wakhe, u-Hillary Clinton weDemocrat, uthathwa njengomuntu oqinile uma eqhathaniswa neRussia.
Ngaphezu kwalokho: UNuland, usopolitiki onemibono eminingi efana neBreedlove, angangena endimeni ebaluleke kakhulu ngemuva kokhetho lwangoNovemba - uthathwa njengomuntu ongase abe ngunobhala wezwe.
