“Kusemva kwethu,” kusho uFernando Gonzales we-Cuban Five emamatheka lapho ngimtshela emizuzwini embalwa edlule ukuthi ngiyaxolisa ngokuthi uhulumeni wase-US umvalele ekhejini iminyaka engu-15. Kwakumnandi ke New York Times ukuhlela ngokuvuna izingxoxo zokukhulula abathathu abasele, wathi, ikakhulukazi njengoba lelo phepha lalingakaze libike nhlobo ngalolu daba.
UGonzales uthe asikho isizathu sokuthi iMelika igcine iCuba ohlwini lwayo lwamaphekula. Ukuthi kunamaBasque eCuba kungenxa yesivumelwano neSpain, esho. Umbono wokuthi iCuba ilwa nezimpi eMelika Ephakathi ungamanga, wanezela, ephawula ukuthi izingxoxo zokuthula zaseColombia ziyaqhubeka lapha eHavana. "UMongameli wase-United States uyakwazi lokhu," kusho uGonzales, "yingakho ecele ukuthi lolu hlu lubuyekezwe."
UMedea Benjamin ukhumbula eza eCuba emuva esikhathini lapho i-United States ngokusobala yayizama ukubulala abantu baseCuba kuphela kodwa futhi. izivakashi owaba nesibindi sokuza eCuba. Lokhu, uthe, yilokho abahlanu baseCuba ababezama ukukumisa. Ngakho-ke siyajabula, utshele uGonzales, ukuthi singeza lapha manje ngaphandle kokukhathazeka ngokuthi u-Obama uzofaka ibhomu endaweni yokwamukela izivakashi. Ukukhathazeka okuhlanyayo? Bekungenjalo njalo.
Phambilini namuhla sivakashele i-Latin American School of Medicine, manje esiqanjwe kabi njengoba ifundisa odokotela abavela kuwo wonke umhlaba, hhayi nje eLatin America. Kwaqala ngo-1998 ngokuguqula isikole sasolwandle sangaphambili saba isikole sezokwelapha lapho kuzonikezwa khona imfundo yamahhala kubafundi abavela eMelika Ephakathi. Kusukela ngo-2005 kuya ku-2014, isikole sesibone abafundi abangu-24,486 bethweswa iziqu.
Imfundo yabo imahhala ngokuphelele futhi iqala ngesifundo samasonto angama-20 ngolimi lwesiSpanishi. Lesi isikole sezokwelapha esisezingeni lomhlaba esizungezwe izihlahla zesundu nezinkundla zemidlalo emaphethelweni e-Caribbean, futhi abafundi abafanelekela ukufunda esikoleni sangaphambi kwe-med - okusho iminyaka emibili yasekolishi lase-US - bangeza lapha futhi babe odokotela ngaphandle kokukhokha. dime, futhi ngaphandle kokungena ezikweletini ezingamakhulu ezinkulungwane zamaRandi. Abafundi akumele-ke bayokwenza ubudokotela eCuba noma benze noma yini eCuba, kunalokho kulindeleke ukuthi babuyele emazweni abo bayokwenza ubudokotela lapho budingeka khona kakhulu.
Kuze kube manje bangu-112 abafundi base-US asebephothulile, futhi abangama-99 babhalisile njengamanje. Abanye babo bahamba “nombutho” wosizo baya eHaiti. Bonke, ngemva kokuthweswa iziqu, baphumelele izivivinyo zabo zase-US ekhaya. Ngakhuluma no-Olive Albanese, umfundi wezokwelapha waseMadison, eWisconsin. Ngabuza ukuthi wayezokwenzani lapho ethweswa iziqu. “Sinesibopho sokuziphatha,” ephendula, “ukusebenza lapho sidingeka khona kakhulu.” Uthe uzoya endaweni yasemakhaya noma aboMdabu baseMelika engenabo odokotela asebenze khona. Uthe uhulumeni wase-US kufanele unikeze le nsizakalo kunoma ngubani oyifunayo, futhi abantu abaphothula iziqu zabo ngezikweletu zabafundi ngeke basize labo abadinga kakhulu.
Namuhla ekuseni sivakashele indawo enempilo kunesikole sezokwelapha: Alamar.
Lo mfelandawonye wokulima okuphilayo kumahektha angama-25 empumalanga ye-Havana awuzange ukhethe ukwenza izinto eziphilayo. Emuva ngeminyaka yawo-1990, phakathi “nenkathi ekhethekile” (okusho inkathi embi kakhulu) akekho owayenomanyolo noma obunye ubuthi. Abakwazanga ukuzisebenzisa uma befuna. ICuba yalahlekelwa ngamaphesenti angama-85 ohwebo lwayo lwamazwe ngamazwe lapho iSoviet Union ihlukana. Ngakho-ke, abantu baseCuba bafunda ukuzilimela ukudla kwabo, futhi bafunda ukwenza kanjalo ngaphandle kwamakhemikhali, futhi bafunda ukudla izinto abazitshalayo. Ukudla okunzima kwenyama kwaqala ukuhlanganisa imifino eminingi.
Miguel Salcines, umsunguli we I-Alamar, wasivakashela, nabathwebuli bezithombe bethelevishini yaseJalimane kanye ne-Associated Press belandela. Leli pulazi selikhonjiswe kwi-documentary yase-US ebizwa ngokuthi Amandla omphakathi, futhi Salcines unikeze a Inkulumo ye-TED. Ngokwesiko laseCuba lokutshala ushukela we-monocropping, i-USSR yengeza amakhemikhali nemishini, esho. Amakhemikhali adale umonakalo. Futhi inani labantu lalithuthela emadolobheni. Ezolimo ezinkulu zawa, futhi ukulima kwashintshwa: okuncane, kwasemadolobheni kakhulu, kanye nezinto eziphilayo ngaphambi kokuba noma ubani azi lelo gama. Abantu abawucasulayo umlando wobugqila futhi abangawuthandi umsebenzi wokulima okukodwa, uthe manje sebethola indlela engcono yokuphila ngokusebenza emahhokweni okulima. Lokho kuhlanganisa nezisebenzi ezingu-150 e-Alamar, eziningi zazo esazibona futhi sakhuluma nazo. Abasebenzi basemapulazini manje bahlanganisa abesifazane abaningi kanye namaCuba asebekhulile.
Kukhona abantu baseCuba asebekhulile asebekhulile abasebenza emapulazini emvelo ngenxa yokuthi abantu baseCuba baphila isikhathi eside (isikhathi sokuphila iminyaka engu-79.9) futhi baphila isikhathi eside, ngokusho kwamaSalcines, okungenani ngokwengxenye ngenxa yokudla okuphilayo. Ukuqeda inyama yenkomo sekwenze ngcono impilo yabantu baseCuba, esho. Izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo nezinambuzane ezinenzuzo nokunakekelwa okufanele komhlabathi kuthathela indawo umanyolo nezibulala-zinambuzane, ukuze kuzuze wonke umuntu. Izinkulungwane zamaminerali kumele zishintshwe enhlabathini etshaliwe, wathi, futhi ukufaka esikhundleni sazo ezimbalwa kuzoholela ezifweni, isifo sikashukela, izinkinga zenhliziyo, nokunye okuningi, okuhlanganisa nokuntuleka kwe-libido - ingasaphathwa eyezinye izinambuzane epulazini, ezingase kuncishiswe ngokunikeza izitshalo ukudla okufanele. Ngisho nezinyosi zaseCuba kuthiwa ziyaphila.
I-Salcines ithi i-Cuba ikhiqiza amathani angu-1,020,000 emifino ephilayo ngonyaka, amathani angu-400 e-Alamar ehlukahlukene kakhulu futhi ngesilinganiso sezitshalo ezinhlanu ngonyaka. I-Alamar iphinde ikhiqize amathani angama-40 omquba wezikelemu ngonyaka, isebenzisa amathani angama-80 wezinto eziphilayo ukwenza lokho.
Ama-salcine akhombe ukudla okunempilo kwe-Cuba njengokuthile okuhle okuvela ekuvinjelweni kwe-US. Phezu kwaleyo nkulumo eyihlazo wamemezela ukungezwani kwakhe noKarl Marx. Ukukhula kwesibalo sabantu kuyakhula futhi ukukhiqizwa kokudla kuyahambisana, esho. UMarx wayekholelwa ukuthi isayensi izoyixazulula le nkinga, futhi wayenephutha, kusho uSalcines. Uma kuphethe abesifazane, kusho abakwaSalcines, abantu abakhuli. Ngakho, wabeka abesifazane emandleni, waphetha. Okuwukuphela kwendlela yokondla umhlaba, uSalcines uthe, ngokuxolisa kuMonsanto, ukwenqaba ukulima ngokubulala ngenxa yokulima impilo.
