Ngesikhathi iRussia neSiriya bebulala abantu bezokushayela amabutho e-Al Qaeda ngaphandle kwe-Aleppo, izikhulu zase-United States kanye nabezindaba bahlabelela "impi yempi." Kodwa ukuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu ase-United States kaMosul wase-Iraq kunomphumela ohlukile, kusho uNicolas JS Davies.
Ngo-Nicolas JS Davies, Agasti 21, 2017, Izindaba ze-Consortium.
Imibiko ye-Iraqi Kurdish e-Army intelligence yalinganiselwa ukuthi ukuvinjezelwa kwe-US-Iraqi e-US-Iraq ukuvimbezela nokuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu eMosul ukuxosha amabutho ka-Islamic State wabulala izakhamizi ze-40,000. Lesi yisilinganiso esinengqondo kunazo zonke kuze kube manje senani labantu ababulawa ngumphakathi eMosul.
Amasosha ase-US avule i-M109A6 Paladin evela
indawo yokuhlangana eHamam al-Alil
ukusekela ukuqala kokuphepha kwe-Iraq
iphoyisa e-West Mosul, e-Iraq,
Feb. 19, 2017. (Isithombe sezandla ngu-Staff Sgt.
Jason Hull)
Kepha nalokhu kungenzeka kube ukubukela phansi inani langempela lezakhamizi ezibulewe. Akukho cwaningo olubucayi, olwenziwe ngenhloso olwenziwe ukubala abafileyo eMosul, futhi izifundo kwezinye izindawo zempi ziye zathola inani labantu abafile abedlula ukulinganiselwa kwangaphambilini ngokufika kwabangu-20 koyedwa, njengoba kwenziwa yiKhomishini Yeqiniso Yezizwe Ezihlangene Guatemala emva kokuphela kwempi yombango. E-Iraq, izifundo ze-epidemiological ngo-2004 nango-2006 ziveze i- ngemuva kokuhlasela okwakuphathelene nama-12 izikhathi eziphakeme kunezilinganiso zangaphambilini.
Ukuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu kwaMosul kuhlanganisa amashumi ezinkulungwane amabhomu kanye nemicibisholo ihlelwe yi-US kanye "namaqembu omhlaba," izinkulungwane I-220-pound ama-rocky i-HiMARS baxoshwa ngabaseMelika baseMelika kusuka endaweni yabo "Rocket City" eQuayara, kanye namashumi noma amakhulu ezinkulungwane Ama-shell we-155-mm ne-122-mm ama-howitzer ukuxoshwa yi-US, French ne-Iraq.
Le bombardment yezinyanga eziyisishiyagalolunye yashiya iningi lakwaMosul ngamanxiwa (njengoba kubonisiwe lapha), ngakho-ke izinga lokubulawa kwabantu abangekho emphakathini akumele limangaze kunoma ngubani. Kodwa ukudalulwa kwemibiko yezobunhloli yaseKurdish ngowayenguNgqongqoshe Wezangaphandle wase-Iraq uHoshyar Zebari ku ingxoxo noPatrick Cockburn we-UK Independent iphephandaba lenza kucace ukuthi ama-ejenti e-allied intelligence azi kahle ukuthi inani labantu abalimala kulo lonke lolu mkhankaso ononya.
Imibiko yezobunhloli yaseKurdish iphakamisa imibuzo ebucayi mayelana nezitatimende zamasosha aseMelika maqondana nokufa kwabantu ngokuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu e-Iraq naseSyria kusukela ngo-2014. Muva nje ngo-Ephreli 30, 2017, amasosha ase-US alinganisa esidlangalaleni isibalo sabantu abashonile ngenxa yomphakathi. Ama-79,992 amabhomu kanye nemicibisholo ibisehlele e-Iraq naseSyria kusukela ngo-2014 kuphela njengoba "Okungenani i-352." Ngomhla ka-June 2, ubuyekeze kancane kancane ukulinganisela kwayo okungenangqondo "Okungenani i-484."
“Ukungafani” - kwande cishe cishe nge-100 - kumanani okufa kwabantu phakathi kwemibiko yezobunhloli yamasosha aseKurd kanye nezitatimende zomphakathi zamasosha aseMelika akunakuba ngumbuzo wencazelo noma ukungavumelani ngokholo oluhle phakathi kwababambisene nabo. Izinombolo ziqinisekisa ukuthi, njengoba abahlaziyi abazimele besola, amasosha aseMelika enze umkhankaso ngamabomu wokubukela phansi esidlangalaleni isibalo sezakhamizi azibulele emkhankasweni wokuqhuma kwamabhomu e-Iraq naseSyria.
Umkhankaso wePropaganda
Ukuphela kwenhloso yomkhankaso omkhulu kangaka wezinkulumo-ze weziphathimandla zamasosha ase-US ukunciphisa ukusabela komphakathi ngaphakathi e-United States nase-Europe ekubulaweni kwamashumi ezinkulungwane zabantu ukuze ama-US namabutho ahlangene bakwazi ukuqhubeka nokuqhuma kwamabhomu nokubulala ngaphandle kwesithiyo sezepolitiki noma ukuphendula.
UNikki Haley, United States Unomphela
Ummeleli we-UN, ulahla
kusho amaphoyisa aseSiriya ngaphambi kwe
Umkhandlu wezokuphepha ngo-Ephreli 27, 2017 (UN Photo)
Kungaba ngamampunge ukukholelwa ukuthi izikhungo ezikhohlakele zikahulumeni e-United States noma abezindaba bezinkampani zase-US abazothatha izinyathelo ezinqala zokuphenya inani langempela lezakhamizi ezibulewe eMosul. Kepha kubalulekile ukuthi izinhlangano zomphakathi zomhlaba zihambisane neqiniso lokubhujiswa kweMosul nokubulawa kwabantu bayo. I-UN kanye nohulumeni emhlabeni jikelele kufanele babeke i-United States icala ngezenzo zayo futhi bathathe izinyathelo eziqinile ukunqanda ukubulawa kwabantu baseRaqqa, eTal Afar, eHawija nanoma yikuphi lapho umkhankaso wokuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu oholwa yi-US uqhubeka unganqandeki.
Umkhankaso we-propaganda wase-US wokuzenza sengathi ukusebenza kwawo kwamasosha ngobudlova akubulali amakhulu ezinkulungwane zabantu abaqale kahle ngaphambi kokuhlaselwa kweMosul. Empeleni, ngenkathi amasosha ase-US ehlulekile ukunqoba ngokunganqamuki amabutho aphikisayo kunoma yiliphi lamazwe ahlasele noma ahlasela kusukela ngo-2001, ukwehluleka kwawo enkundleni yempi kususwe impumelelo enkulu emkhankasweni wenkulumo-ze yasekhaya oshiye umphakathi waseMelika ukungazi ngokuphelele ukufa nokucekela phansi amabutho ahlomile ase-US asebenze okungenani emazweni ayisikhombisa (Afghanistan, Pakistan, Iraq, Syria, Yemen, Somalia kanye neLibya).
Ku-2015, odokotela be-Social Responsibility (PSR) babhicilele umbiko othi, "Ukubala komzimba: Izenzo zokuhlukunyezwa ngemuva kweminyaka engu-10 ye-'Impini Engozini'. ” Lo mbiko onamakhasi angama-97 uhlolisise imizamo etholakala esidlangalaleni yokubala abantu abashonile e-Iraq, e-Afghanistan nasePakistan, futhi yaphetha ngokuthi babalelwa ku-1.3 million abantu ababulewe kulawo mazwe amathathu kuphela.
Ngizohlola isifundo se-PSR ngokuningiliziwe, kodwa isibalo sabantu abayizigidi ezingu-1.3 ababulawa emazweni amathathu nje sibheke ngokungafani nalokho okushiwo yizikhulu zase-US kanye nabezindaba ezinkampani ezitshela umphakathi waseMelika mayelana nempi yezwe eqhubekayo elwa igama lethu.
Ngemva kokuhlola izilinganiso ezihlukahlukene zokufa kwezempi e-Iraq, abalobi be-Iraq Ukubala Body waphetha ngokuthi isifundo se-epidemiological eholwa nguGilbert Burnham weJohns Hopkins School of Public Health ngo-2006 yiyona eyayiphelele futhi ithembekile. Kepha ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ngemuva kwalolo cwaningo kutholakale ukuthi cishe ama-600,000 Iraqis kungenzeka ukuthi abulawa eminyakeni emithathu selokhu kwahlasela iholwa yi-US, i-AP-Ipsos poll owacela abantu abayizinkulungwane baseMelika ukuba balinganise ukuthi bangaki abantu base-Iraq ababulewe abaphendule ukuphendula okuphakathi kwe-9,890 kuphela.
Ngakho-ke, futhi, sithola umehluko omkhulu - uphindaphindwe cishe ngama-60 - phakathi kwalokho umphakathi okholelwe ukuthi ukukholelwe kanye nokuqagulwa okunamandla kwamanani abantu ababulewe. Ngenkathi umbutho wezempi wase-US ubala ngokucophelela futhi wakhomba ukulimala kwawo kulezi zimpi, usebenze kanzima ukugcina umphakathi wase-US usebumnyameni ngokuthi bangaki abantu ababulewe emazweni elihlasele noma lahlasela.
Lokhu kwenza abaholi bezepolitiki nabezempi baseMelika bakwazi ukugcina inkolelo yokuthi silwa lezi zimpi kwamanye amazwe ukuze kusizakale abantu babo, ngokungafani nokubulawa kwezigidi zabo, ukuqhumisa amabhomu emadolobheni abo, nokufaka amazwe ngamazwe ebudloveni obungalawuleki. izinxushunxushu abaholi bethu abonakele ngokuziphatha abangenaso isixazululo, ezempi noma okunye.
(Ngemva kokukhishwa kwesifundo se-Burnham ku-2006, abezindaba baseNtshonalanga baseNtshonalanga bachithe isikhathi esiningi nesikhala beqeda ukutadisha phansi kunalokho okwakucatshangelwe ukuzama ukuthola inani elingokoqobo lama-Iraqis asefile ngenxa yokuhlasela.)
Izinqola ezingalungile
Ngenkathi i-US idedela ukuqhuma kwamabhomu "e-Iraq" ngo-2003, intatheli eyodwa yesibindi ye-AP yakhuluma noRob Hewson, umhleli we Izinqola zikaJane ze-Air-Launched, iphephabhuku lezokuhweba ngezikhali lamazwe omhlaba, elaliqonda kahle ukuthi "izikhali ezenziwa ngomoya" zenzelwe ukwenzani. UHewson walinganisela lokho Amaphesenti angama-20-25 wezikhali zakamuva zase-US "eziqondile" bebengabikho izinhloso zabo, babulala abantu abangahleliwe futhi babhubhisa izakhiwo ezingahleliwe e-Iraq.
Ekuqaleni kokuhlasela kwe-Iraq ku-US
2003, uMengameli George W. Bush wayala
isosha lase-US ukuba liphathe kabi
ukuhlaselwa kwezindiza eBaghdad, eyaziwa ngokuthi
"Ukuthuthumela nokwesaba."
I-Pentagon yagcina iveza lokho i-third of the bombs dropped on Iraq zazingezona “izikhali eziqondile” kwasekuqaleni, ngakho-ke ingqikithi yamabhomu aqhuma e-Iraq ayengamabhomu kaphethroli asendulo kuphela noma izikhali “ezinemba kahle” ezivame ukulahlekelwa yizinhloso zawo.
Njengoba uRob Hewson etshele i-AP, “Empini elwelwa ukusiza abantu base-Iraq, awukwazi ukubulala noma ngubani wabo. Kepha awukwazi ukulahla amabhomu futhi ungabulali abantu. Kukhona ukuhlukaniswa kwangempela kukho konke lokhu. ”
Eminyakeni eyishumi nane kamuva, le dichotomy iqhubeka kuyo yonke imisebenzi yezempi yase-US emhlabeni jikelele. Ngemuva kwamagama angenanhlonipho anjengokuthi "ukuguqulwa kombuso" kanye "nokungenelela kosizo," ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuholwa yi-US kuqede noma yikuphi ukuhleleka okukhona okungenani emazweni ayisithupha nasezingxenyeni ezinkulu zamanye amaningi, kubashiya begcwele udlame kanye nezinxushunxushu.
Kuwo womabili la mazwe, amasosha ase-US manje alwa namabutho angajwayelekile asebenza phakathi kwabantu, okwenza kube nzima ukukhomba la mabutho noma amasosha ngaphandle kokubulala inqwaba yabantu. Kepha kunjalo, ukubulala izakhamizi kuphela kuqhuba abaningi abasindile ukuba bajoyine ukulwa nabaseNtshonalanga, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi le mpi ekhona manje emhlabeni wonke iyaqhubeka isakazeka futhi ikhula.
Ukubala BodyIsilinganiso sabantu abayizigidi eziyi-1.3 abashonile, okubeka isibalo sabantu abashonile e-Iraq cishe kwisigidi esisodwa, besisuselwa ezifundweni eziningana zezifo ezenziwa lapho. Kepha ababhali bagcizelele ukuthi alukho ucwaningo olunjalo olwenziwe e-Afghanistan noma ePakistan, ngakho-ke ukulinganiselwa kwalo kulawo mazwe kwakususelwa emibikweni ehlukanisiwe, engathembekile kakhulu ehlanganiswe amaqembu alwela amalungelo abantu, ohulumeni base-Afghanistan nabasePakistan kanye ne-UN Assistance Mission eya e-Afghanistan. Ngakho-ke Ukubala BodyUkulinganisela okulindelekile kwabantu abangama-300,000 ababulewe e-Afghanistan nasePakistan kungaba yingxenyana nje yenani langempela labantu ababulawa kulawo mazwe kusukela ngo-2001.
Amakhulu ezinkulungwane zabantu abashonele eSiriya, e-Yemen, eSomalia, eLibya, ePalestina, ePhilippines, e-Ukraine, eMali nakwamanye amazwe ahlasela impi eqhubekayo ekhula, kanye nabaseNtshonalanga abahlukunyezwa ngamacala obugebengu baseSan Bernardino kuya eBarcelona ne-Turku. Ngakho-ke, mhlawumbe akusikho ukuphoqelela ukusho ukuthi izimpi zase-US eziye zahlasela kusukela ku-2001 ziye zabulala okungenani abantu abayizigidi ezimbili, nokuthi ukuchithwa kwegazi akukhona noma kuyenciphisa.
Thina bantu baseMelika, esizibambela kuye zonke lezi zimpi, sizibambe kanjani thina kanye nabaholi bethu bezombusazwe kanye nabezempi ngokuziphendulela kulokhu kubhujiswa kwabantu abaningi abangenacala? Futhi sizokwenza kanjani ukuthi abaholi bethu bezempi kanye nabezindaba bezinkampani baphendule ngomkhankaso we-propaganda okhohlisayo ovumela imifula yegazi lomuntu ukuthi iqhubeke igeleza ingabikwa futhi ingavinjelwa izithunzi "zomphakathi wolwazi" wethu ohlonishwayo kodwa ongamanga?
UNicolas JS Davies ungumlobi we Igazi Ezandleni Zethu: Ukuhlasela KweMelika Nokubhujiswa Kwe-Iraq. Ubuye wabhala ezahlukweni ezithi “Obama at War” in Grading the 44th President: a Card Card on the First Term of Barack Obama as Progressive Leader.
