Abantu baseMelika abahlala phesheya - ngaphezu kuka izigidi eziyisithupha okwethu emhlabeni wonke (kungabalwa labo abasebenzela uhulumeni wase-US) - imvamisa babhekana nemibuzo enzima ngezwe lethu kubantu esihlala phakathi kwabo. Abantu baseYurophu, abase-Asiya kanye nabase-Afrika basicela ukuthi sichaze konke okubadidayo ngokuziphatha okuya ngokuxaka nokuxakayo kwe-United States. Abantu abanesizotha, imvamisa abenqeni ukuzibeka engcupheni yokukhubekisa isivakashi, bakhala ngokuthi inhlokomo-mbuso yaseMelika, ukumakwa kwamahhala, kanye "nokuhlukile" kuqhubeke isikhathi eside kakhulu ukuthi kungabhekwa njengesigaba sobusha. Okusho ukuthi thina baseMelika phesheya siyabuzwa njalo ukuthi siziphendulele ngokuziphatha "kwezwe lakithi", manje ngokusobala ukwehla futhi ngokuya ngaphandle kwesinyathelo nomhlaba wonke.
Empilweni yami ende yokuhambahambahamba, ngibe nenhlanhla yokuhlala, ukusebenza, noma ukuhambela wonke amazwe ngaphandle kwamadlanzana kule planethi. Sengiye kuzo zombili izingongolo nezindawo eziningi ezinhle phakathi, futhi nginosizi njengami, ngikhulume nabantu kuyo yonke indlela. Ngisakhumbula isikhathi lapho ukuba ngumMelika kwakumelwe sibe nomona. Izwe engakhulela kulo ngemuva kweMpi Yesibili Yomhlaba lalibonakala lihlonishwa futhi lituswa emhlabeni wonke ngenxa yezizathu eziningi kakhulu zokungena lapha.
Lokho kuguquliwe, kunjalo. Ngisho nangemva kokuhlaselwa kwe-Iraq ngo-2003, ngisahlangana nabantu - eMpumalanga Ephakathi, ngokuncane - abazimisele ukugodla isinqumo e-US Abaningi babecabanga ukuthi iNkantolo Ephakeme Ukufakwa kaGeorge W. Bush njengoMongameli wayengumbhali wabavoti baseMelika abazolungisa ukhetho lwe-2004. Kwakhe buyela ehhovisi ichaze ngempela ukuphela kweMelika njengoba izwe belazi. UBush wayeqale impi, ephikisana nomhlaba wonke, ngoba wayefuna futhi ekwazi. Iningi labantu baseMelika lameseka. Yilapho-ke lapho yonke imibuzo engathandeki yaqala khona.
Ekuqaleni kokuwa kwe-2014, ngahamba ngivela ekhaya e-Oslo, eNorway, ngadlula eMpumalanga naseCentral Europe. Yonke indawo lapho ngangingena kulezo zinyanga ezimbili, izikhathi lapho abantu bendawo bebona ukuthi ngangingowaseMelika imibuzo yaqala futhi, njengoba bevame ukuba yinhlonipho, iningi labo lalinesihloko esisodwa esiyisisekelo: Ngabe abantu baseMelika badlula emaphethelweni? Uyahlanya? Sicela uchaze.
Kwathi kamuva nje, ngaphindela “ezweni” lakubo. Kungithinte lapho ukuthi abantu abaningi baseMelika abazi nakancane ukuthi manje sesixakeke kanjani emhlabeni omkhulu. Kokuhlangenwe nakho kwami, ababukeli bamanye amazwe banolwazi olungcono kakhulu ngathi ukwedlula owaseMelika ojwayelekile ngabo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi "izindaba" emithonjeni yezindaba yaseMelika zibuhlungu kakhulu futhi zilinganiselwe kakhulu emibonweni yayo yokuthi sisebenza kanjani nokuthi amanye amazwe acabanga kanjani - ngisho namazwe ebesisanda kuba nawo, njengamanje, noma asongela ukuthi asezolwa . Ukulwa kweMelika kukodwa, ingasaphathwa eyokuxakaniseka kwayo kwezezimali, kuphoqa umhlaba wonke ukuthi usilandele. Kwazi bani, ngemuva kwakho konke, ukuthi yikuphi ukungqubuzana abaseMelika abangakudonsela kokulandelayo, njenge-target noma umlingani onqabayo?
Ngakho-ke nomaphi lapho sihlala khona emhlabeni, sithola umuntu ofuna ukukhuluma ngezehlakalo zakamuva zaseMelika, ezinkulu nezincane: elinye izwe ibhomu egameni yethu "Ezokuphepha ezweni lonke," okunye okuqhubeka ngemashi ehlaselwa Lokhu ngokwanda kwethu kwezempi amaphoyisa, omunye diatribe ngokumelene "nohulumeni omkhulu" ngomunye futhi ukhetho lwe-wannabe onethemba lokuhola lowo hulumeni eWashington. Lezi zindaba zishiya izethameli zakwamanye amazwe zixakekile futhi zigcwele ukwesaba.
Isikhathi Semibuzo
Thatha imibuzo edonsa abantu baseYurophu eminyakeni ka-Obama (okuyinto 1.6 abayizigidi ezingu AmaMelika ahlala eYurophu ajwayele ukuthola indlela yethu). Phezulu ngokuphelele ohlwini: “Kungani umuntu phikisa ukunakekelwa kwempilo kuzwelonke? ”Amazwe aseYurophu nakwamanye amazwe anezimboni ezikhethekile anendawo ethile ukunakekelwa kwempilo kazwelonke kusukela ngawo-1930 noma ngo-1940, iJalimane kusukela ngo-1880. Ezinye izinhlobo, njengaseFrance naseGreat Britain, ziye zaba nezinhlelo ezimbili zomphakathi nezizimele. Kodwa-ke nalabo abanenhlanhla abakhokhela ithrekhi esheshayo ngeke babacasukele abantu bakubo ukunakekelwa kwezempilo okuphelele okuxhaswa uhulumeni. Ukuthi abantu abaningi baseMelika bashaya abantu baseYurophu njengoba edidayo, uma kungenjalo ngesihluku.
Emazweni aseScandinavia, okudala ukuthi kubhekwe njengezithuthuke kakhulu emphakathini, a kazwelonke (ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo) uhlelo lwezempilo, oluxhaswe nguhulumeni, luyingxenye enkulu - kepha luyingxenye nje kuphela - yohlelo olujwayelekile lwenhlalakahle yomphakathi. ENorway, lapho ngihlala khona, zonke izakhamizi nazo zinelungelo elilinganayo loku imfundo (isekelwe zasenkulisa kusuka eminyakeni yokuqala, nezikole zamahhala kusuka eminyakeni eyisithupha ngokuqeqeshwa okukhethekile noma yunivesithi imfundo nangale), izinzuzo zomsebenzi, ukubeka umsebenzi nezinsizakalo zokuphinda uthole, ikhefu labazali elikhokhelwayo, izimpesheni zabadala, futhi nokuningi. Lezi zinzuzo akuzona nje “ezokuphepha” eziphuthumayo; okusho ukuthi, izinkokhelo zosizo zanikwa abaswele ngenkani. Akhona wonke umuntu: atholakala ngokulinganayo kuzo zonke izakhamizi njengamalungelo esintu akhuthaza ukuzwana emphakathini - noma njengoba umthethosisekelo wethu wase-US ungasho, "ukuthula kwasekhaya." Akumangalisi ukuthi, iminyaka eminingi, abahloli bamazwe omhlaba babeke iNorway njengendawo engcono kakhulu guga, Kuya ube ngowesifazane, nokuthi khulisa ingane. Isihloko sendawo "ehamba phambili" noma "ejabule kunazo zonke" yokuhlala eMhlabeni wehla umncintiswano onobungani phakathi kweNorway kanye namanye amaNordic democracies omphakathi, iSweden, iDenmark, iFinland, ne-Iceland.
ENorway, zonke izinzuzo zikhokhwa ngokuyinhloko intela ephezulu. Uma kuqhathaniswa nengqondo ebanga ingqondo yekhodi yentela yase-US, imali yaseNorway iqondile ngokuqondile, imali yentela evela kubasebenzi nezimpesheni kancane kancane, ukuze labo abahola imali ephezulu bakhokhe ngaphezulu. Umnyango wentela ubala, uthumela umthethosivivinywa wonyaka, nabakhokhi intela, noma bakhululekile ukuphikisana isamba, bakhokha ngokuzithandela, bazi ukuthi bona nezingane zabo bazibuyelani. Futhi ngenxa yokuthi izinqubomgomo zikahulumeni zisabalalisa kabusha umcebo futhi zithambekele ekunciphiseni igebe lomholo elincane lelizwe, iningi labantu baseNorwegi lihamba kahle esikebheni esifanayo. (Cabanga ngalokho!)
Impilo nenkululeko
Lolu hlelo aluzange lwenzeke nje. Kwahlelwa. ISweden yahola indlela kuma-1930s, futhi wonke amazwe amahlanu aseNordic angena phakathi nesikhathi sempi ukuthuthukisa ukuhlukahluka kwalokho okwabizwa ngokuthi yiNordic Model: ibhalansi ye-capitalism elawulwayo, inhlalonhle yenhlalo yeningi, idemokhrasi yezepolitiki kanye naphezulu amazinga ubulili nokulingana kwezomnotho emhlabeni. Kuhlelo lwabo. Basungula. Bayayithanda. Naphezu kwemizamo kahulumeni wezokulondolozwa ngezikhathi ezithile yokuyisebenzisa, bayayigcina. Ngani?
Kuwo wonke amazwe aseNordic, kunesivumelwano ngokubanzi esibanzi kwezombusazwe ukuthi kuphela lapho izidingo zabantu eziyisisekelo zihlangatshezwa - lapho bengayeka ukukhathazeka ngemisebenzi yabo, imiholo yabo, izindlu zabo, izinto zabo zokuhamba, ukunakekelwa kwabo kwezempilo, izingane zabo ' imfundo, nabazali babo asebekhulile - kungaleso sikhathi kuphela lapho bengakhululeka ukwenza ngokuthanda kwabo. Ngenkathi i-US inamathela kumcabango wokuthi, kusukela ekuzalweni, yonke ingane inesilinganiso esilinganayo ephusheni laseMelika, izinhlelo zeNordic zezenhlalakahle zibeka isisekelo sokulingana okuyiqiniso nokuzimela.
Le mibono akuyona inoveli. Kushiwo esethulweni soMthethosisekelo wethu. Uyazi, ingxenye emayelana nokuthi “thina Bantu” ukwakha “ubumbano oluphelele” ukuze “kuthuthukiswe Inhlalakahle jikelele, futhi kuvikeleke iZibusiso Zenkululeko kithina nasezizukulwaneni zethu.” Ngisho nangesikhathi elungiselela isizwe impi, uMongameli uFranklin D. Roosevelt wazikhumbula ngekhanda izakhi zalokho okumele kube yileso senhlalakahle enkulumweni yakhe Yobumbano ngo-1941. Phakathi "kwezinto eziyisisekelo ezilula okungamele zikhohlwe," ohlwini "Ukulingana kwamathuba wentsha nabanye, imisebenzi yalabo abangasebenza, ukuphepha kulabo abayidingayo, ukuphela kwamalungelo akhethekile kwabambalwa, ukulondolozwa kwenkululeko yomphakathi yabo bonke," futhi yebo yebo, izintela eziphakeme okufanele zikhokhelwe lezo zinto kanye nezindleko zezikhali zokuzivikela.
Ukwazi ukuthi abantu baseMelika basebenzise ukusekela le mibono, umNorway namuhla uyamangala ukuthola ukuthi umphathi omkhulu wenhlangano enkulu yaseMelika kwenza phakathi kwe-300 nezikhathi ze-400 ngokulingana nesisebenzi sabo esiphakathi. Noma ukuthi ababusi uSam Brownback waseKansas noChris Christie waseNew Jersey, sebeke izikweletu zezwe labo ngokusika intela kwabacebile, manje bahlela ukumboza ukulahleka ngemali ethathiwe ezikhwameni zempesheni zabasebenzi abasebenza emkhakheni kahulumeni. KumaNorway, umsebenzi kahulumeni ukusabalalisa izwe lonke ngenani elihle, hhayi ukulithumela likhuphukela phezulu, njengaseMelika namuhla, kwephesenti elilodwa elinamathele.
Ekuhleleni kwabo, abantu baseNorway bavame ukwenza izinto ngokunensa, njalo becabanga isikhathi eside, becabanga ukuthi impilo engcono ingaba kanjani ezinganeni zabo, abazayo. Kungakho umuntu waseNorway, noma yimuphi umuntu osenyakatho neYurophu, emangele ukuthola ukuthi izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zabafundi basekolishi laseMelika baqeda izifundo zabo ngokubomvu, abanye ngenxa $ 100,000 noma ngaphezulu. Noma e-US, izwe elicebe kakhulu emhlabeni, munye kokuthathu izingane zihlala ebuphofini, kanye eyodwa kwabahlanu abantu abasha abaphakathi kweminyaka ye-18 ne-34. Noma leya Melika yakamuva izimpi zamadola ayizigidi eziningi balwelwa ekhadini lesikweletu okumele likhokhwe yizingane zethu. Okusibuyisela kulelo gama: ngesihluku.
Imiphumela yokuhlukumezeka, noma uhlobo oluthile lokuhlukumezeka okungaphucuzekile, kubukeka sengathi kulele kweminye imibuzo eminingi ababuki bangaphandle abayibuza ngeMelika efana nokuthi: Ungayimisa kanjani leyo nkambu yokuhlushwa eCuba, futhi kungani ungeke uyivale? Noma: Ungazenza kanjani njengezwe lobuKristu ebe uqhubeka nesigwebo sentambo? Ukulandelwa okuvame ukuthi: Ungamkhetha kanjani njengomongameli umuntu oziqhenyayo ngokubulala abantu bakubo e isilinganiso esheshayo okuqoshiwe emlandweni waseTexas? (Abantu baseYurophu ngeke bakhohlwe maduze uGeorge W. Bush.)
Ezinye izinto obekufanele ngiphendule ngazo zifaka:
* Kungani nina bantu baseMelika ningenzi ukugxambukela ekunakekelweni kwezempilo kwabesifazane?
* Kungani ungayiqondi isayensi?
* Ungahlala kanjani ungaboni kangako ngeqiniso lokushintsha kwesimo sezulu?
* Ungakhuluma kanjani ngokubusa komthetho lapho omongameli bakho bephula imithetho yamazwe omhlaba ukwenza impi noma nini lapho bafuna?
* Ungawanikeza kanjani amandla okuphehla iplanethi kumuntu oyedwa, umuntu ojwayelekile?
* Ungayilahla kanjani imihlangano ye-Geneva kanye nemigomo yakho yokuxhasa ukuhlukunyezwa?
* Kungani nina baseMelika nithanda izibhamu kangaka? Kungani nibulalana ngezinga elingaka?
Kwabaningi, umbuzo odida futhi obaluleke kunayo yonke uwukuthi: Kungani uthumela amasosha akho emhlabeni wonke ukuyovusa inkathazo eyengeziwe kithi sonke?
Lowo mbuzo wokugcina ucindezela kakhulu ngoba amazwe abenobungani ne-United States, kusukela e-Australia kuye eFinland, alwa kanzima ukuthola ukubabaleka kwababaleki ezimpini nasezingeneleleni zaseMelika. Kuyo yonke iNtshonalanga Yurophu naseScandinavia, amaqembu aphiko angakwesokunxele angakaze abambe iqhaza kuhulumeni manje ekhuphuka ngokushesha kugagasi lokuphikisana nezinqubomgomo zokufika zokudala ezifudukayo. Kuphela ngenyanga edlule, iphathi enjalo icishe ikhethiwe Uhulumeni wentando yeningi ohleliwe waseSweden, izwe elinomusa eliye lamukela ngaphezulu kwesabelo salo esifanelekile sokufuna ukukhosela abaleka amaza okushaqeka ibutho eliphikisayo lokulwa izwe elake lazi. ”
Indlela Esiyiyo
Abantu baseYurophu bayakuqonda, njengoba kubonakala sengathi abaseMelika abakuqondi, ukuxhumana okusondele phakathi kwezinqubomgomo zezwe nezangaphandle. Bavame ukulandelela indlela yokuziphatha budedengu kweMelika phesheya ngokwenqaba kwayo ukubeka indlu yayo ngendlela. Babuke i-United States ivula inetha layo lokuphepha elincanyana, yehluleka ukubuyisela ingqalasizinda yayo ebolayo, inika amandla iningi labasebenzi bayo abahleliwe, inciphise izikole zayo, imise isishayamthetho sayo kuzwelonke, futhi idale ukungalingani okukhulu kwezomnotho nakwezenhlalo cishe ikhulu leminyaka. Bayakuqonda ukuthi kungani abantu baseMelika, abake baba nokuphepha okuncane kakhulu futhi okulandelayo ngaphandle kohlelo lwezenhlalakahle, bakhathazeka kakhulu futhi besabe. Baqonda kahle nokuthi kungani iningi labantu baseMelika belahlekile kuhulumeni osebenzele okuncane kangako kubo emashumini amathathu eminyaka edlule noma ngaphezulu, ngaphandle kuka-Obama ongapheli. uthukile mzamo wokunakekela ezempilo, obonakala kubantu abaningi baseYurophu isiphakamiso esinesizotha.
Okudida abaningi babo, nokho, ukuthi abantu baseMelika abavamile ngamanani athusayo bathonywe kanjani ukungathandi "uhulumeni omkhulu" kepha basekele abamele bayo abasha, abathengwa nabakhokhelwa abacebile. Ungakuchaza kanjani lokho? Enhlokodolobha yaseNorway, lapho isifanekiso sikaMongameli Roosevelt ocabangayo ethekwini, abaningi ababuka iMelika bacabanga ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi wayengumongameli wokugcina wase-US owayeqonda futhi angachazela izakhamizi ukuthi yini uhulumeni angayenzela bonke. Ukulwa nabantu baseMelika, sebekhohliwe konke lokho, bhekisa ezitheni ezingaziwa kude - noma ohlangothini olukude lwamadolobha abo.
Kunzima ukwazi ukuthi kungani siyile ndlela esiyiyona, futhi - ungikholwe - kunzima kakhulu ukukuchazela abanye. Ukuhlanya kungaba yizwi elinamandla kakhulu, libanzi kakhulu futhi alicaci ukuxazulula inkinga. Abanye abantu abangibuza bathi i-US "iyaphanjaniswa," "iyahlehla," "ngemuva kwezikhathi," "iyize," "iyahaha," "iyazithanda," noma imane "iyisimungulu." Abanye, ngokusikisela okukhulu, basho ukuthi abaseMelika bamane “abanalwazi,” “badukile,” “badukisiwe,” noma “balele,” futhi basengakwazi ukubuyela esimweni sengqondo. Kepha nomaphi lapho ngihamba khona, imibuzo iyalandela, iphakamisa ukuthi i-United States, uma ingenangqondo impela, ngokusobala iyingozi kuyo nakwabanye. Isikhathi esedlule sokuvuka, Melika, futhi uqalaze. Kunomunye umhlaba lapha ngaphandle, omdala futhi onobungane phesheya kolwandle, futhi ugcwele imibono emihle, evivinyiwe futhi eyiqiniso.
Ann Jones, a TomDispatch Njalo, ungumbhali we IKabul ebusika: Life Ngaphandle Kokuthula e-Afghanistan, phakathi kwezinye izincwadi, futhi muva nje Babengamasosha: Ukulimala Kubuya Kanjani Ezimpini ZaseMelika - Indaba Engaziwa, iphrojekthi yeDispatch Books.
Landela TomDispatch ku-Twitter futhi ujoyine nathi Facebook. Bheka iDispatch Book entsha, kaRebecca Solnit Amadoda Chaza Izinto Ngami, nencwadi yakamuva kaTom Engelhardt, I-Shadow Government: Ukuqapha, Impi Yezimfihlo, ne-Global Security State ezweni elilodwa elinamandla.
I-copyright 2015 Ann Jones
