NguMedea Benjamin noNicolas JS Davies, World BEYOND War, November 8, 2021
COP Amashumi amabili nesithupha! Kunjalo izikhathi ezingaki i-UN ihlanganise abaholi bomhlaba ukuze bazame ukubhekana nenkinga yesimo sezulu. Kodwa i-United States iyakhiqiza uwoyela omningi futhi Igesi yemvelo kunangaphambili; inani lamagesi abamba ukushisa (GHG) emkhathini kanye namazinga okushisa omhlaba kuko kokubili isaphakama; futhi sesivele sibhekene nesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu kanye nezinxushunxushu ososayensi abasixwayise ngazo iminyaka engamashumi amane, futhi okuyoba kubi nakakhulu ngaphandle kwesenzo esibucayi sezulu.
Futhi nokho, iplanethi kuze kube manje ifudumale ngo-1.2° Celsius (2.2° F) kuphela kusukela ezikhathini zangaphambi kwezimboni. Sesivele sinabo ubuchwepheshe esibudingayo ukuze siguqule izinhlelo zethu zamandla zibe amandla ahlanzekile, avuselelekayo, futhi ukwenza kanjalo kungadala izigidi zemisebenzi emihle kubantu emhlabeni wonke. Ngakho, ngokwezinto ezibonakalayo, izinyathelo okufanele sizithathe zicacile, ziyafezeka futhi ziyaphuthuma.
Isithiyo esikhulu esenzweni esibhekene naso ukungasebenzi kwethu, wongxiwankulu ohlulekile uhlelo lwezombangazwe nezomnotho kanye nokulawulwa kwalo ngezithakazelo ze-plutocratic kanye nezinkampani, ezizimisele ukuqhubeka nokwenza inzuzo ngamafutha ezinto ezimbiwa phansi ngisho nangezindleko zokucekela phansi isimo sezulu esihlala eMhlabeni ngendlela eyingqayizivele. Inkinga yesimo sezulu idalule ukungakwazi kwesakhiwo kwalolu hlelo ukwenza izinto ezifunwa abantu, ngisho noma ikusasa lethu lilenga esilinganisweni.
Pho ithini impendulo? Ingabe i-COP26 yaseGlasgow ingahluka? Yini engenza umehluko phakathi kwe-PR yepolitiki ehlakaniphe kakhulu kanye nesenzo esiwujuqu? Ukubala okufanayo osopolitiki kanye nezithakazelo zamafutha ezinsalela ezimbiwa phansi (yebo, zikhona, futhi) ukwenza okuthile okuhlukile kulokhu kubonakala kuwukuzibulala, kodwa iyiphi enye indlela?
Kusukela ubuholi buka-Obama be-Pied Piper e-Copenhagen nase-Paris bukhiqize uhlelo lapho amazwe ngamanye azibekela khona izinhloso zawo futhi anquma ukuthi angahlangabezana kanjani nazo, amazwe amaningi enze inqubekelaphambili encane ekufezeni imigomo azibekela yona e-Paris ngo-2015.
Manje sebeze eGlasgow benezithembiso ezinqunywe kusengaphambili nezinganele, okuthi, noma zigcwaliseke, zisengaholela emhlabeni oshisa kakhulu ngo-2100. ukulandelana Imibiko ye-UN kanye nezinhlangano zomphakathi ngaphambi kwe-COP26 ibilokhu ihlaba umkhosi ngalokho uNobhala-Jikelele we-UN u-Antonio Guterres akubize ngokuthi “ukuvuka okudumayo” kanye nokuthi “ikhodi ebomvu yesintu.” Enkulumweni kaGuterres yokuvula eCOP26 ngoNovemba 1st, uthe "sizimbela amathuna" ngokwehluleka ukuxazulula le nkinga.
Kodwa-ke ohulumeni basagxile ezinhlosweni zesikhathi eside ezifana nokufinyelela ku- "Net Zero" ngo-2050, 2060 noma ngisho no-2070, kuze kube manje esikhathini esizayo ukuthi bangaqhubeka nokuhlehlisa izinyathelo ezidingekayo zokunciphisa ukufudumala ku-1.5 ° Celsius. Noma ngabe ngandlela thize bayeka ukumpompa amagesi abamba ukushisa emoyeni, inani lama-GHG emkhathini ngo-2050 lizoqhubeka lishisa iplanethi izizukulwane ngezizukulwane. Uma silayisha kakhulu umkhathi ngama-GHG, kulapho umphumela wawo uzohlala isikhathi eside futhi ukushisa noMhlaba uzoqhubeka nokukhula.
I-United States ibeke a isikhathi esifushane okuhloswe ngakho ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwayo ngo-50% kusukela ezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu lika-2005 ngo-2030. Kodwa izinqubomgomo zayo zamanje zizoholela kuphela ekwehlweni kwe-17% -25% ngaleso sikhathi.
Uhlelo Lokusebenza Kwamandla Ahlanzekile (CEPP), eyayiyingxenye ye-Build Back Better Act, ingenza elikhulu lelo gebe ngokukhokha izinsiza zikagesi ukuze kwandiswe ukuthembela ezintweni ezivuselelekayo ngo-4% unyaka nonyaka kanye nokujezisa izinsiza ezingakwenzi lokho. Kepha ngobusuku bangaphambi kweCOP 26, uBiden yehlisa i-CEPP kusuka kumthethosivivinywa ngaphansi kwengcindezi evela kuSenator Manchin kanye neSinema kanye nezingcweti zabo zopopayi bamafutha ensalela.
Ngaleso sikhathi, amasosha ase-US, okuyisikhungo esikhulu kunazo zonke esikhipha ama-GHGs Emhlabeni, akhululwa kunoma yiziphi izithiyo ngaphansi kweSivumelwano saseParis. Izishoshovu zokuthula eGlasgow zifuna ukuthi i-COP26 kumele ilungise lesi sikhulu umgodi omnyama kunqubomgomo yesimo sezulu somhlaba wonke ngokufaka ukukhishwa kwe-GHG komshini wezempi wase-US, kanye naleyo yamanye amasosha, ekubikeni nasekunciphiseni ukukhishwa kukazwelonke.
Ngaso leso sikhathi, yonke imali ohulumeni emhlabeni wonke abayisebenzisile ukubhekana nenkinga yesimo sezulu iba yingxenye encane yalokho i-United States kuphela eyichithile emshinini wayo wempi ocekela phansi izwe ngesikhathi esifanayo.
I-China manje ikhipha ngokusemthethweni i-CO2 eningi kune-United States. Kepha ingxenye enkulu yokukhishwa kwegesi yaseChina iqhutshwa wukusetshenziswa komhlaba wonke kwemikhiqizo yamaShayina, futhi ikhasimende layo elikhulu kunawo wonke I-united states. an Ucwaningo lwe-MIT ngo-2014 balinganisela ukuthi ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kubala u-22% wokukhishwa kwekhabhoni yaseChina. Ngokwesisekelo sokusetshenziswa komuntu ngamunye, abantu baseMelika basabala kathathu ukukhishwa kwe-GHG komakhelwane bethu baseShayina kanye nokuphindwe kabili ukukhishwa kwabantu baseYurophu.
Amazwe acebile nawo abe nawo uwile mayelana nokuzibophezela abakwenza e-Copenhagen ngo-2009 ukusiza amazwe ampofu ukuthi abhekane nokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu ngokuhlinzeka ngosizo lwezezimali oluzokhula lufinyelele ku-$ 100 billion ngonyaka ngo-2020. Banikeze amanani akhulayo, afinyelela ku-$ 79 billion ngo-2019, kodwa ukwehluleka ukuletha ngokugcwele inani elathenjiswa liye laqeda ukwethembana phakathi kwamazwe acebile nampofu. Ikomidi eliholwa yiCanada neJalimane ku-COP26 lithweswe icala lokuxazulula ukushoda nokubuyisela ukwethenjwa.
Lapho abaholi bezombangazwe bomhlaba behluleka kakhulu kangangokuthi bacekela phansi imvelo nesimo sezulu esisekela impucuko yabantu, kuyaphuthuma ukuba abantu kuyo yonke indawo bakhuthale, bakhulume futhi basungule izinto ezintsha.
Ukusabela komphakathi okufanelekile kohulumeni abalungele ukumosha izimpilo zezigidi zabantu, kungaba ngempi noma ngokuzibulala kwabantu abaningi endaweni ezungezile, ukuvukela umbuso - futhi izinhlobo ezingenalo udlame zokuvukela umbuso ziye zabonakala zisebenza kakhulu futhi zinenzuzo kunezobudlova.
Abantu banjalo esukuma ngokumelene nalesi simiso sezombangazwe nezomnotho esonakele se-neoliberal emazweni emhlabeni wonke, njengoba imithelela yalo emibi ithinta izimpilo zabo ngezindlela ezahlukene. Kepha inkinga yesimo sezulu iyingozi emhlabeni wonke kubo bonke abantu edinga impendulo yomhlaba wonke.
Iqembu elilodwa lomphakathi elikhuthazayo emigwaqweni yaseGlasgow ngesikhathi se-COP 26 Ukuhlubuka Okuqothulayo, ememezela ukuthi, “Sisola abaholi bomhlaba ngokungaphumeleli, futhi ngombono oqinile wethemba, sifuna okungenakwenzeka...Sizocula futhi sidanse futhi sivale izikhali ngokumelene nokuphelelwa ithemba futhi sikhumbuze umhlaba ukuthi kuningi okufanele ukuhlubuka kukho.”
I-Extinction Rebellion namanye amaqembu esimo sezulu e-COP26 afuna i-Net Zero ngo-2025, hhayi i-2050, njengendlela kuphela yokuhlangabezana nomgomo we-1.5 ° okuvunyelwene ngawo eParis.
Greenpeace icela ukuthi kumiswe ngokushesha emhlabeni wonke amaphrojekthi amasha kaphethiloli kanye nokuqedwa ngokushesha kwezikhungo zamandla ashisa amalahle. Ngisho nohulumeni omusha womfelandawonye eJalimane, ohlanganisa i-Green Party futhi enezinhloso zokuvelela kakhulu kunamanye amazwe amakhulu acebile, usanda kuphakamisa umnqamulajuqu wokugcina wokuqedwa kwamalahle eJalimane kusukela ngo-2038 kuya ku-2030.
I-Indigenous Environmental Network i ukuletha abantu bomdabu kusukela eGlobal South kuya eGlasgow ukuze baxoxe izindaba zabo engqungqutheleni. Bacela amazwe aseNyakatho anezimboni ukuthi amemezele isimo esiphuthumayo sezulu, agcine amafutha enziwe phansi futhi aqede uxhaso lwamafutha ezinto ezimbiwa phansi emhlabeni jikelele.
Friends of the Earth (FOE) ishicilele a umbiko omusha okubizwa ngokuthi Izixazululo Ezisekelwe Emvelweni: Impisi Egqoke Izimvu njengokugxila emsebenzini wayo ku-COP26. Idalula inkambiso entsha yokuwashwa luhlaza kwebhizinisi okubandakanya amasimu ezihlahla esilinganiso sezimboni emazweni ampofu, izinkampani ezihlela ukuzibiza ngokuthi “inzuzo” ukuze kuqhutshekwe nokukhiqizwa kukaphethiloli wezinsalela ezimbiwa phansi.
Uhulumeni wase-UK ophethe ingqungquthela e-Glasgow ugunyaze lezi zinhlelo njengengxenye yohlelo ku-COP26. I-FOE igqamisa umphumela walokhu kudliwa komhlaba okukhulu emiphakathini yendawo kanye neyomdabu futhi ikubiza ngokuthi “inkohliso eyingozi nokuphazamiseka ezisombululweni zangempela zenkinga yesimo sezulu.” Uma lokhu kuyilokho ohulumeni abakushoyo ngokuthi “Net Zero,” kungaba isinyathelo esisodwa esengeziwe ekufakweni kwezimali koMhlaba nazo zonke izinsiza zawo, hhayi isixazululo sangempela.
Ngenxa yokuthi kunzima ngezishoshovu ezivela emhlabeni wonke ukuthi zifike eGlasgow ze-COP26 ngesikhathi sodlame, amaqembu ezishoshovu ahlela ngasikhathi sinye emhlabeni wonke ukufaka ingcindezi kohulumeni emazweni abo. Amakhulu ezishoshovu zesimo sezulu kanye nabantu bomdabu uboshiwe emibhikishweni eWhite House eWashington, kanye nezishoshovu ezinhlanu zeSunrise Movement zaqala a isiteleka selambile lapho ngo-Okthoba 19.
Amaqembu esimo sezulu ase-US nawo asekela umthethosivivinywa othi “Green New Deal”, H.Res. 332, lowo Omele u-Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez eyethule kuCongress, efuna ngokuqondile izinqubomgomo zokugcina ukufudumala kwembulunga kungaphansi kuka-1.5° Celsius, futhi njengamanje kunabaxhasi abangu-103. Lo mthethosivivinywa ubeka okuhlosiwe okubalulekile kuka-2030, kodwa udinga kuphela i-Net Zero ngo-2050.
Amaqembu ezemvelo nesimo sezulu ahlangana e-Glasgow ayavuma ukuthi sidinga uhlelo lwangempela lomhlaba jikelele lokuguqulwa kwamandla manje, njengendaba engokoqobo, hhayi njengomgomo oshisekayo wenqubo yezepolitiki engapheli, eyonakele ngokungenathemba.
E-COP25 eMadrid ngo-2019, i-Extinction Rebellion yalahla inqwaba yobulongwe bamahhashi ngaphandle kwehholo lenkomfa nomyalezo othi, "I-horse-shit iyama lapha." Yebo lokho akuzange kukuvimbe, kodwa kwaveza iphuzu lokuthi inkulumo eyize kumelwe isithwe ngokushesha yisenzo sangempela. UGreta Thunberg ushayele isipikili ekhanda, egxeka abaholi bomhlaba ngokufihla ukwehluleka kwabo ngokuthi “blah, blah, blah,” esikhundleni sokuthatha isinyathelo sangempela.
NjengoGreta's School Strike for the Climate, ukunyakaza kwesimo sezulu emigwaqweni yaseGlasgow uyaziswa ngokuqaphela ukuthi isayensi icacile kanye nezixazululo zenkinga yesimo sezulu zitholakala kalula. Yintando yepolitiki kuphela entulekayo. Lokhu kumele kuhlinzekwe abantu abajwayelekile, abavela kuyo yonke imikhakha yempilo, ngobuchule, isenzo esimangalisayo kanye nokuhlanganisa abantu abaningi, ukufuna uguquko lwezepolitiki nezomnotho esiludinga kakhulu.
UNobhala Jikelele we-UN uGuterres ovamise ukuba mnene, ukubeke kwacaca ukuthi “ukushisa komgwaqo” kuzoba ukhiye wokusindisa isintu. "Ibutho elisebenza ngesimo sezulu - eliholwa abantu abasha - alinakuvinjwa," etshela abaholi bomhlaba eGlasgow. “Zikhudlwana. Azwakala kakhulu. Futhi, ngiyakuqinisekisa, ngeke bahambe.”
UMedea uBenjamin uhlanganisa CODEPINK for Ukuthula, nombhali wezincwadi eziningana, kufaka phakathi Ngaphakathi kwe-Iran: Umlando Weqiniso Nezombangazwe YeRiphabhulikhi Yase-Islamic yase-Iran.
UNicolas JS Davies yintatheli ezimele, umcwaningi we-CODEPINK kanye nomlobi we Igazi Ngezandla Zethu: Ukuhlasela KweMelika nokubhujiswa kwe-Iraq.
