(Lesi yisigaba 27 se- World Beyond War iphepha elimhlophe I-Global Security System: I-Alternative to War. Qhubeka esandulele | okulandelayo ingxenye.)
Izwe ligcwele izikhali, konke okuvela ezikhalimeni ezizenzekelayo ukulwa namathangi kanye nezikhali ezinzima. Isikhukhula sezingalo sigxilisa kokubili ukwanda kobudlova ezimpini nasengozini yobugebengu nobuphekula. Lusiza ohulumeni abenzile ukuhlukunyezwa kwamalungelo abantu, benza ukungahlali komhlaba wonke, futhi baqhubekisela phambili inkolelo yokuthi ukuthula kungatholakala ngezibhamu.
Ukuphulukisa ukuhweba kwezikhali
Abakhiqizi bezikhali banezinkontileka zikahulumeni ezizuzayo futhi baxhaswa yibo futhi bathengisa emakethe evulekile. I-US kanye nabanye baye bathengisa izigidigidi ezikhalilweni eMpumalanga Ephakathi enobudlova futhi enobudlova. Ngezinye izikhathi izingalo zithengiswa zombili zombili empini, njengoba kwenzeka e-Iraq nase-Iran kanye nempi ebulala phakathi kwe-600,000 ne-1,250,000 esekelwe izilinganiso zabafundi.i-note29 Ngezinye izikhathi ziphela zisetshenziselwa ukulwa nomdayisi noma abambisene nabo, njengalokhu kusetshenziswa izikhali i-US eyanikezwa i-Mujahedeen eyaphela ezandleni ze-al Qaeda, futhi izingalo US ezithengise noma ezinike i-Iraq eziphelile izandla ze-ISIS ngenkathi ihlasela i-2014 yase-Iraq.
Ukuhweba ngamazwe ngezikhali ezibulalayo kuyinkulu, ngaphezu kwe $ 70 billion ngonyaka. Abathengi abakhulu bezingalo emhlabeni wonke amandla awalwe eMpini Yezwe II; ukuze: US, Russia, Germany, France, ne-United Kingdom.
I-UN yamukele i I-Arms Trade Treaty (ATT) ngo-Ephreli 2, i-2013. Awuqedi ukuhweba ngezikhali zomhlaba wonke. Lesi sivumelwano "isisetshenziswa esisungula izindinganiso ezivamile zomhlaba jikelele ukungenisa, ukuthekelisa nokudluliswa kwezikhali ezijwayelekile." Kwahlelwe ukuthi kusebenze ngoDisemba 2014. Ngokuyinhloko, ithi abathengisi bayoziqapha ngokwabo ukuze bagweme ukuthengisa izingalo "kumaphekula noma emazweni ahlukumezayo." I-US yaqinisekisa ukuthi yayine-veto phezu kombhalo ngokufuna ukuba lokho kuvumelwane kulawulwe izinqumo. I-US ifuna ukuthi lesi sivumelwano sishiye izinyathelo ezinkulu ukuze lesi sivumelwano "singathinteki ngokungadingekile ngokukwazi kwethu ukungenisa, ukuthekelisa, noma ukudlulisela izingalo ekusekeleni ukuphepha kwethu kazwelonke kanye nezithakazelo zomthetho wangaphandle" [futhi] "ukuhweba ngezikhali zomhlaba wonke umsebenzi wokuhweba ovumelekile "[futhi]" ngaphandle kokuhweba okuvunyelwe ukuhweba ezandleni akufanele kungavinjelwe ngokungadingekile. "Ngaphezu kwalokho," Asikho isidingo sokubika noma ukumisa izinhlamvu noma iziqhumane [futhi] ngeke kube khona igunya lomhlaba wonke umzimba ukuphoqa i-ATT. "
Uhlelo Olwedlula Lokuvikeleka ldinga isigaba esikhulu sokuhlaselwa kwezikhali ukuze zonke izizwe zizizwe ziphephile ekuhlaseleni. I-UN ichaza izikhali ezijwayelekile neziphelele “… njengukuqedwa kwayo yonke i-WMD, kuhlanganiswe“ nokuncishiswa okulinganiselayo kwamasosha ahlomile nezikhali ezijwayelekile, kususelwa kunqubo yokuphepha engashabalali yamaqembu ngenhloso yokuqhakambisa noma ukuqinisa uzinzo ezansi Izinga lezempi, licabanga ngesidingo sawo wonke amazwe ukuvikela ukuphepha kwawo ”(UN General Assembly, Final Document of the Special Special Session on Disarmament, para. 22.) Le ncazelo yokuhlaselwa kwezikhali ibukeka inezimbobo ezinkulu ezanele ukushayela ithangi ngokusebenzisa. Isivumelwano esinolaka ngokwedlulele esinamazinga wokunciphisa izinsuku siyadingeka, kanye nendlela yokuphoqelela.
Isivumelwano asibonakali senza okungaphezu kwalokho kudinga amaZwe aPhathi ukuba enze i-ejensi ukuthi iqondise izimpahla ezingaphandle kanye nokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe kanye nokunquma ukuthi bacabanga ukuthi izikhali zizosetshenziswa kabi yini njengemisebenzi efana nokuqothulwa kobugebengu noma ukuguqulwa kwesibindi kanye nokubika ngonyaka ngokuhweba kwabo. Akubonakali ukwenza lo msebenzi ngoba ushiya ukulawula kokuhweba kulabo abafuna ukuthekelisa nokungenisa. Kuvinjelwe ukuvinjelwa okukhulu kakhulu nokuphoqeleka kokuthunyelwa kwezingalo. Ukuhweba kwezingalo kudingeke ukuba kwengezwe ohlwini lwe-International Criminal Court "lwamacala okulwa nomuntu" futhi luphoqelelwe uma kwenziwa ngabakhiqizi bezingalo ngabanye nabadayisi kanye noMkhandlu wezokuPhepha ngokugunyazwa kwawo ukubhekana nokuhlukunyezwa "kokuthula nokuvikeleka emhlabeni wonke" icala lezizwe ezibusayo njengezithunywa zokuthengisa.i-note30
I-Outlaw Weapons Esikhathini Esingaphandle
Amazwe amaningana asethuthukile izinhlelo kanye ne-hardware yezempi esendaweni yangaphandle kubandakanya indawo emkhathini kanye nesikhala ukubeka izikhali ukuhlasela ama-satellite, kanye nezikhala ezihlaselweni (kuhlanganise nezikhali zamasosha) ukuhlasela umhlaba ukufakwa endaweni. Izingozi zokubeka izikhali endaweni yangaphandle ziyabonakala, ikakhulukazi uma kuzikhali zezikhali zenuzi noma izikhali zobuchwepheshe eziphambili. Izizwe ze-130 manje zinezinhlelo zesikhala futhi zikhona ama-satellites e-3000 osebenzayo esikhala. Izingozi zihlanganisa ukwehlisa imihlangano yezikhali ezikhona futhi uqale umjaho omusha wezikhali. Uma impi enjalo esekelwe isikhala yayizokwenzeka imiphumela ingabe isabisa izakhamuzi zomhlaba kanye nokufaka ingozi ezingozini I-Kessler Syndrome, isimo lapho ubukhulu bezinto ezisebusweni bomhlaba obuphansi buphakeme ngokwanele ukuthi ukuhlaselwa abanye kuzoqala ukuqhuma kwezingxabano ezidala izikhala ezingenele zesikhala ukunikeza ukuhlola isikhala noma ngisho nokusetshenziswa kwama-satellite okungenakwenzeka iminyaka eminyaka, mhlawumbe izizukulwane.
Ekholwa ukuthi ibihola kulolu hlobo lwezikhali i-R & D, “Umsizi kaNobhala we-United States Air Force for Space, uKeith R. Hall, uthe, 'Mayelana nokubusa emkhathini, sinakho, siyakuthanda futhi siyahamba ukuyigcina. '”
The 1967 I-outer space Treaty iqinisekisiwe ku-1999 yizizwe ze-138 ezinama-US kanye no-Israyeli kuphela. Iyakwenqabela ama-WMD emkhathini nokwakhiwa kwezisekelo zempi enyangeni kodwa ushiya umkhiqizo wezinhlamvu ezijwayelekile, i-laser ne-high energy yezinhlayiya zezinhlayiya zamandla. Ikomidi leZizwe Ezihlangene Lokulwa Nezikhali selinzima iminyaka eminingi ukuvumelanisa ngesivumelwane sokuvimbela lezi zikhali kodwa lilokhu livinjelwe yi-United States. Kuhlongozwa ikhodi yokuziphatha ebuthakathaka, engekho ebophayo, kodwa "i-US igcizelela ekuhlinzekeni kule nguqulo yesithathu yeKhowudi Yokuziphatha ukuthi, ngenkathi yenza isithembiso sokuzithandela 'ukugwema noma yisiphi isenzo esiholela ngqo, ngokuqondile noma ngokungaqondile, umonakalo, noma ukubhujiswa, kwezinto zendawo ", ufanelekela leso siqondiso ngolimi" ngaphandle uma leso senzo singalungile ". "Ukulungiswa" kusekelwe ilungelo lokuzivikela elakhiwe kwi-Charter ye-UN. I-qualification enjalo yenza ngisho nesivumelwano sokuzithandela singenasisekelo. Isivumelwano esinamandla esivinjelwe zonke izikhali esikhaleni sangaphandle kuyisici esibalulekile seNqubo yezokuPhepha ehlukile.i-note31
(Qhubeka kuya esandulele | okulandelayo ingxenye.)
Sifuna ukuzwa kusuka kuwe! (Sicela wabelane ngamazwana ngezansi)
Lokhu kwaholela kanjani wena ukucabanga ngokuhlukile ngezindlela zokulwa nempi?
Yini ongayengeza, noma ushintshe, noma umbuzo ngalokhu?
Yini ongayenza ukusiza abantu abaningi ukuba baqonde ngalezi zindlela zokulwa empini?
Ungathatha kanjani isinyathelo ukuze wenze lokhu okunye empini kube ngokoqobo?
Sicela wabelane ngale ndaba kabanzi!
Okuthunyelwe okuhlobene
Bona ezinye izikhala ezihlobene “Ukuphepha Okusebenzisa Amandla”
Bona ithebula eligcwele lokuqukethwe I-Global Security System: I-Alternative to War
amanothi:
I-29. Ukuze uthole ulwazi olubanzi kanye nedatha bheka iwebhusayithi ye-Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, eyathola i-2013 Nobel Peace Prize ngemizamo yayo eminingi yokuqeda izikhali zamakhemikhali. (buyela kusihloko esikhulu)
I-30. Ilinganisela ukusuka ku-600,000 (Battle Deaths Dataset) kuya ku-1,250,000 (Correlates of War Project). Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukulimala kwempi kuyisihloko esiyinkinga. Okubalulekile, ukufa okungekho ngqo kwempi akulinganisani kahle. Ukulimala okungaqondile kungalandelwa emuva kokulandelayo: ukuchithwa kwengqalasizinda; izindawo zemithi; ukusetshenziswa kwe-uranium esephelile; ababaleki kanye nabantu abahlala ngaphakathi; ukungondleki; izifo; ukungabi namthetho; ukubulawa kwe-intra-state; izisulu zokudlwengulwa nezinye izinhlobo zobudlova ngokocansi; ukungabi nabulungisa emphakathini. Funda kabanzi ku: Izindleko zomuntu zempi - ukungabonakali kwenqubo kanye nokuhlelwa kwezindlela zokulimala (buyela kusihloko esikhulu)
I-31. Isigaba 7 seSitatimende saseRoma sase-International Criminal Court sibonisa ubugebengu obubhekiswe kubantu. (buyela kusihloko esikhulu)
