IZINHLANGANO ZEMIBUTHO YASE-Syria

I-International Peace Bureau

Okthoba 19, 2016. Ukubulawa kwabantu abaningi kanye namacala empi esiwabona namuhla e-Syria afanele izinga eliphezulu kakhulu lokuzibandakanya kwezakhamizi: afuna ukuzibophezela komhlaba wonke ekufezeni isivumelwano sokuqeda ukulwa nokuvula inqubo yokufinyelela isixazululo sezombusazwe. Indaba ayikwazanga ukuphuthuma kakhulu.

Ngemva kwezingxoxo engqungqutheleni yayo yase-Berlin (ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba), i-IPB iphakamisa izici ezilandelayo eziyi-6 zohlelo lokuthula. Akulona isu eliphelele, kodwa linikeza umhlahlandlela wesenzo somphakathi wamazwe ngamazwe emasontweni nasezinyangeni ezizayo, ikakhulukazi kulabo bethu emazweni aseNtshonalanga.

1. Ungalimazi. Kunemikhawulo kulokho noma yimuphi uhulumeni - okubandakanya i-US, enamandla kakhulu - empeleni akwazi ukuyenza. Kodwa lapho izenzo ezithathwe yibo phansi empeleni zibhebhethekisa isimo, impendulo kulezo zenzo kufanele isekelwe ku-Hippocratic Oath: okokuqala, ungalimazi. Lokhu kusho ukumisa ukuhlasela kwezindiza nhlangothi zonke, ukumisa ukucekelwa phansi kwabantu namadolobha. Ukuhlasela izibhedlela nezikole kuyicala lempi. Njengamanje e-Aleppo izigebengu eziyinhloko zibonakala ziwumbuso wase-Assad neRussia. Kodwa-ke i-US kanye nabanye ababambisene nayo banomlando omude wokuhlasela ngezindiza izakhamuzi - ecaleni labo kwezinye izingxenye zeSyria nasemazweni asukela e-Afghanistan kuya eLibya kuya eYemen. Wonke amabhomu maningi kakhulu - ikakhulukazi njengoba eqinisweni evame ukuqinisa izinhlangano eziyingozi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akuwona nje umbuzo wokuhlaselwa okuvela emoyeni. Ukulwa, ukuqeqeshwa, izinsiza zamabutho angaphandle nazo kufanele ziyeke.

2. Yenza "akukho amabhuzu phansi" real. Sicela ukuthi kuhoxiswe wonke amasosha okuhlanganisa amabutho akhethekile, futhi kususwe izindiza zangaphandle kanye nama-drones emkhathini waseSyria. Kodwa-ke asisekeli ikhwelo lendawo okungeyona impukane, engadinga ukugada emoyeni ngamalungu oMkhandlu Wezokuphepha, okusho ingozi yokungqubuzana okuqondile phakathi kwe-US neRussia. Lokhu kuyingozi ikakhulukazi esikhathini lapho ukungezwani phakathi kwabo kwanda, futhi kungase kubhebhethekise nakakhulu ukulwa phansi. Ukuba khona kwamasosha ase-US kunikeza ngqo lokho okufunwa yi-ISIS nezinye izinhlangano eziyingozi: amasosha angaphandle endaweni yawo, ehlinzeka abantu abangase babuthe ngobufakazi obusha bokugxambukela kweNtshonalanga emazweni amaSulumane, kanye nokuhlinzeka ngezinkulungwane zezinhloso ezintsha. Lokhu kufana nenjongo ye-al-Qaeda yeminyaka engu-15 edlule, okwakuwukuchukuluza i-US ukuba ithumele amasosha endaweni yayo ukuze iyolwa nabo lapho. Sengikushilo lokho, inhloso yethu akukona ukushiya inkundla ivulekele amabutho kaHulumeni. Inhloso yokususa amabutho akwamanye amazwe ukunciphisa ukungqubuzana nokuvula ngokushesha izingxoxo zokuxazulula izinkinga zezombusazwe. Nakuba lokhu kuqukethe into eyingozi kubantu, kanjalo nezinqubomgomo zamanje ezivumela ukubulawa kwabantu abaningi kuqhubeke.

3. Yeka ukuthumela izikhali. I-IPB ikholelwa ukuthi izinyathelo kufanele zithathwe ngendlela yokuvinjelwa kwezikhali okugcwele kuzo zonke izinhlangothi. 'Abalingani' baseSyria abahlinzekwe yi-US bavame ukunqotshwa (noma abalweli babo 2 bashiyeka) ku-ISIS, i-al-Qaeda's Syrian franchise, noma amanye amasosha angewona amaphakathi. Ukuthi lezi zikhali zisetshenziswa ontamolukhuni noma ohulumeni noma amasosha 'amaphakathi' asekelwa yi-US, umphumela uba udlame olubhekiswe kubantu. Ohulumeni baseNtshonalanga kumele baqede umkhuba wabo wokushalazela ukwephulwa kwamalungelo abantu kanye nomthetho wamazwe ngamazwe okwenziwa ngezikhali zabo kanye nabasekeli babo. Kulapho-ke lapho beyoba nokholo lokunxusa i-Iran neRussia ukuba bayeke ukuhlomisa umbuso waseSyria. I-US ibingakwazi, uma ikhetha, ukumisa ngokushesha ukuthunyelwa kwezikhali kweSaudi, UAE, Qatari nokunye okulibangise eSyria ngokuphoqelela imikhawulo yabasebenzisi bokugcina, ngobuhlungu bokulahlekelwa yikho konke ukufinyelela ezingalweni zase-US esikhathini esizayo. Nakuba kuyiqiniso ukuthi ivoti loMkhandlu Wezokuphepha lokuvala ukuthengiswa kwezikhali cishe lizovinjelwa uhlangothi olulodwa noma olunye, umzila obalulekile wokuqinisa umthetho usuvuliwe lapho kuqala ukusebenza kweSivumelwano Sokuhweba Ngezikhali. Ukwengeza, ukuvinjelwa kokudluliswa kwezikhali ngahlangothi olulodwa kungase futhi kufanele kuqale ukusebenza ngokushesha.

4. Yakha ubudlelwano bobuzwe, hhayi ubudlelwano bezempi. Sekuyisikhathi sokuhambisa i-diplomacy endaweni emaphakathi, hhayi nje njengento engaseceleni ezenzweni zezempi. I-diplomacy yamandla amakhulu esiyibona ngokungapheli kuzikrini zethu ze-TV kumele ihambisane ne-diplomacy yaseSyria. Ekugcineni lokho kusho ukuthi wonke umuntu othintekayo udinga ukuba setafuleni: umbuso waseSyria; umphakathi ngaphakathi eSyria kuhlanganise nezishoshovu ezingenalo udlame, abesifazane, abantu abasha, abaxoshwa ngaphakathi, kanye nababaleki abaphoqeleka ukuba babaleke eSiriya (iSiriya, i-Iraqi, nePalestina); amaKurd aseSyria, amaKristu, amaDruze, namanye amancane kanye namaSunni, amaShi'a, nama-Alawite; amavukelambuso ahlomile; ukuphikiswa kwangaphandle kanye nabadlali besifunda nasemhlabeni jikelele - i-US, iRussia, i-European Union, i-Iran, i-Saudi Arabia, i-UAE, i-Qatar, iTurkey, i-Jordan, i-Lebanon nangale kwayo. Ukuhleleka okude mhlawumbe; kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukufakwa kuzosebenza kangcono kunokukhishwa ngaphandle. Khonamanjalo, uKerry noLavrov bangenza kahle ngokubeka etafuleni izinhlelo ezisheshayo zokukhipha awabo amasosha. Ukungezwani phakathi kwalezi zidlamlilo ezimbili ezihlome ngezikhali zenuzi sekuvele kuphezulu kakhulu. Ukuxazulula iSyria kungase - mhlawumbe - kube iphrojekthi ekugcineni abafundise isifundo sokuthula. Asikho isisombululo sezempi. I-Russia, njengabanye abadlali, inezintshisekelo zayo eziqondile ze-geostrategic. Ikhomba ngokufanelekile izindinganiso eziphindwe kabili zosopolitiki baseNtshonalanga kanye nabasekeli babo bemithombo yezindaba ezibonakala lapho sibheka izenzo zabo (eziqondile noma ezingaqondile) ekubhebhezeleni ubutha kuso sonke isifunda. Kodwa iRussia nayo inegazi labantu abavamile futhi ayinakubhekwa njengomgqugquzeli wokuthula ongenasithakazelo. Yingakho iqoqo elibanzi lezifundazwe lidinga ukuhlanganiswa. Ukuthungathwa kwezixazululo ezibanzi zezokuxhumana eNhlanganweni Yezizwe Ezihlangene ezihlanganisa kokubili i-ISIS kanye nempi yombango eSyria kusho, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukusekelwa okukhulu kwemizamo yokuxoxisana nokuqeda ukulwa kwasendaweni, ukuvumela usizo lokusiza abantu ukuba bangene, kanye nokuxoshwa kwezakhamuzi ezindaweni ezivinjezelwe. Okungadingeki yinye iCoalition of the Willing; esikhundleni salokho kufanele ukuthi siqale kusenesikhathi kwi-Coalition of the Rebuilding.

5. Khulisa ingcindezi yezomnotho ku-ISIS - kanye nawo wonke amanye amaqembu ahlomile. I-Islamic State iyicala elikhethekile futhi imele usongo oluyingozi kakhulu. Impela kumelwe ibuyiselwe emuva; kodwa ukulwa nonya, njengalokhu esikubona manje ekuhlaselweni komngcele waseMosul, mancane amathuba okuthi kunikeze isisombululo esenelisayo sesikhathi eside. Iyahluleka ukuthola umnyombo wenkinga futhi sihlanganyela ukwesaba kwezikhulu ze-UN ukuthi kungase kubangele inhlekelele enkulu yobuntu. Amazwe aseNtshonalanga kumele asebenze kanzima ukuze aqinise ukugeleza kwezimali ku-ISIS, ikakhulukazi ngokuvimbela izinkampani zikawoyela, ikakhulukazi ama-Turkish middlemen, ekuhwebeni 'ngamafutha egazi'. Amaloli kawoyela aqhunyiswa ngamabhomu anemithelela engathi sína kwezemvelo kanjalo nabantu; kungasebenza kakhulu ukwenza kungenzeki ukuthi uwoyela we-ISIS uthengiswe. 3 Ngaphezu kwalokho, iWashington kufanele yenqabe ukwesekwa kwabalingani bayo bamaqembu ahlomile, okuhlanganisa i-al Qaeda ne-ISIS. Abahlaziyi abaningi bayavuma ukuthi ingxenye enkulu ye-ISIS namanye amaqembu ahlomile ngemali ivela eSaudi Arabia; kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uvela emithonjeni esemthethweni noma engekho emthethweni, ngokuqinisekile uMbuso unokulawula okwanele kubantu bawo ukuze uqede lo mkhuba.

6. Ukwandisa iminikelo yokusiza ababaleki futhi kwandiswe izibopho zokuhlaliswa kabusha. Amazwe aseNtshonalanga kumele andise kakhulu iminikelo yawo yosizo ezinhlanganweni zeZizwe Ezihlangene ezigidini zababaleki kanye nabantu abafudukekelwe ngaphakathi naphakathi ababaleka eSyria nase-Iraq. Imali idingeka kakhulu ngaphakathi kweSyria nasemazweni azungezile. I-US kanye ne-EU bathembise ngezimali ezinkulu, kodwa iningi lazo alikaze lenziwe litholakale kuma-ejensi, futhi kufanele kuthenjiswe okuningi futhi kulethwe. Kodwa inkinga ayikhona ngokwezimali kuphela. I-IPB ithi kufanele sivule iminyango yamazwe asentshonalanga kubabaleki ibe banzi. Akwamukelekile ukuthi iJalimane ithathe i-800,000 kuyilapho amanye amazwe - kuhlanganise nalawo akhuthaza iMpi yase-Iraq kwasekuqaleni - amukela izinkulungwane ezimbalwa kuphela, futhi amanye, njengeHungary, enqaba ngokuphelele umqondo wobumbano phakathi kweYurophu nokwabelana. Isenzo esisiphakamisayo akusona nje leso esidingwa ubumbano oluvamile lwabantu. Kuyisibopho sethu esingokomthetho njengabasayine Isivumelwano Sababaleki. Nakuba sibubona ubunzima bezombangazwe besikhundla esinjalo uma kubhekwa isimo samanje somphakathi, izimpendulo zamazwe aseNtshonalanga acebile azinele. Izinyathelo eziqondile zingathathwa: isibonelo, imigudu yokusiza abantu kufanele isungulwe (ngezokuthutha ezihleliwe), ukuze abantu ababalekela impi bangafaki ukuphila kwabo engozini ngokuphindaphindiwe eMedithera. Ubusika buyeza ngokushesha futhi sizobona ukufa okuningi okudabukisayo ngaphandle uma inqubomgomo entsha yamukelwa ngokushesha.

ISIPHETHO: ISyria inzima. Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi ikhambi lezepolitiki liyinselelo enkulu futhi kuzothatha isikhathi eside ukuxazulula. Nokho yilapho kanye isimo sibucayi kakhulu lapho kufanele kuqhutshekwe khona izingxoxo. Iqiniso lokuthi abanye abaxoxisana benze izenzo ezingamukeleki akusona isizathu sokuyeka izingxoxo.

Sicela ukuthi kuqedwe ukulwa kwasendaweni nesifunda, ukumisa isikhashana kosizo kanye nanoma yiziphi ezinye izindlela ezivumela izinsiza zokuhlenga ukuthi zifinyelele izakhamuzi. Khonamanjalo sinxusa ukuthi kushintshwe ngokushesha izinqubomgomo ezibalulekile, ezifana nokuvala izikhali nhlangothi zonke, nokususa amabutho angaphandle endaweni yempi. Sicela futhi ukuthi kubuyekezwe zonke unswinyo olubhekiswe eSyria, ezinye zazo ezivame ukujezisa izakhamizi.

Okokugcina, sinxusa ozakwethu emihlanganweni yomphakathi kuwo wonke amazwekazi ukuthi bagcine futhi bakhe ukugqugquzela kwabo. Osopolitiki nosopolitiki kudingeka bazi ukuthi umbono womhlaba ufuna isenzo futhi ngeke bakubekezelele ukunwetshwa kwalesi sibhicongo esishaqisayo. Ukunqoba impi (nganoma yiluphi uhlangothi) akuyona inketho manje. Okubalulekile wukuqeda.