Inhlangano Yomphakathi Njengomfutho Wokuthula

NguDavid Rintoul, World BEYOND War Online Course Umhlanganyeli

UFrederick Douglass wake wathi, “Amandla akavumi lutho ngaphandle kwesidingo. Akukaze kwenzeke futhi ngeke kwenzeke. Thola ukuthi yini abantu abazithobe kuyo buthule futhi usuthole isilinganiso esifanele sokungabi nabulungisa nokungalungile abazobekwa phezu kwabo. ”

Ohulumeni abakaze babone izinguquko ezizosiza izakhamizi ezijwayelekile bese ngomusa bezinikeza umphakathi othobekile. Izinhlangano zobulungiswa bezenhlalakahle bekufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi zibhekane neziphathimandla ezibusayo futhi, njengoba iSichibiyelo Sokuqala sikubeka, “ukucela uHulumeni ukuba alungise izikhalazo.”

Kuyiqiniso, uDouglass wayengumqothuli futhi umkhankaso wakhe othile wawumelene nobugqila Wayegqilaziwe, kepha wayengumbhali futhi ene-orator enesiphiwo yize ayengafundanga ngokusemthethweni. Wayengubufakazi obuphilayo bokuthi abantu bemibala babefana ngokuqonda kwanoma ngubani omunye umuntu.

Naphezu kwezwi elicashuniwe lesilinganiso engiqale ngaso, uDouglass wayengumpetha wokubekezelelana nokubuyisana. Ngemuva kokukhululeka, wabamba iqhaza ezingxoxweni ezivulelekile nalabo ababeyizigqila zamakhosi ukuthola izindlela zomphakathi zokuqhubekela phambili ngokuthula.

Abanye ontanga yakhe enhlanganweni yokuqeda nya bamphonsela inselelo ngalokhu, kodwa waphika wathi, "Ngingahlangana nanoma ngubani ukwenza okulungile kungabikho noyedwa owenza okubi."

UDouglass naye wayengekho ngaphezulu kokuphonsela inselelo izimbangi zakhe kwezepolitiki. Isibonelo, wadumala ngo-Abraham Lincoln ngokungasekeli obala obala ilungelo labantu baseMelika baseMelika lokuvota okhethweni lukamongameli lwe-1864.

Esikhundleni salokho, wavuma obala uJohn C. Fremont weRadical Democracy Party. UFremont wayengenalo ithuba lokuwina, kepha wayengumqedeli wenhliziyo ophelele. Ukuvota kukaDouglass obala emphakathini kwaba ukukhuza okusobala kuLincoln futhi kwasithonya kakhulu isinqumo sikaLincoln sokumisa abali-14^th futhi 15^th izichibiyelo ngonyaka olandelayo.

Ngo-1876, uDouglass wakhuluma eWashington DC ekunikezelweni kweSikhumbuzo se-Emancipation eLincoln Park. Wabiza uLincoln ngokuthi “umongameli womlungu” futhi waveza amandla nobuthakathaka bakhe ngokombono womuntu oyisigqila.

Noma kunjalo, waphetha ngokuthi ngawo wonke amaphutha akhe, "Yize uMnu. ULincoln ayenobandlululo lwabelungu ababekanye nabantu bakubo ngokumelene namaNegro, akudingekile neze ukuthi athi enhliziyweni yakhe wayebenyanya futhi ebuzonda ubugqila." Inkulumo yakhe iyisibonelo sokuqala somqondo weqiniso nokubuyisana.

Esinye isibonelo somphakathi ohola icala lokulwa nokugqilazwa kwakunguHarriet Tubman kanye no-Underground Railroad ayelilungu eliholayo. NjengoDouglass wayekade eyisigqila futhi wakwazi ukuphunyula. Esikhundleni sokugxila kwinkululeko yakhe, waqala ukuhlela ukusiza umndeni wakhe ukuba uphunyuke kubathumbi babo.

Uqhubeke nokusiza abanye abantu abagqilaziwe ukuba babalekele enkululekweni ngenethiwekhi eyimfihlo yabasekeli be-Underground Railroad. Igama lekhodi yakhe kwakungu "Moses" ngoba wahola abantu baphuma ebugqilini obumuncu wabangenisa ezweni lesithembiso lenkululeko. UHarriet Tubman akazange alahlekelwe umgibeli.

Ngaphezu kokuhola u-Underground Railroad, ngemuva kokukhululeka waba namandla eSuffragettes. Waqhubeka waba ngompetha wamalungelo abantu baseMelika base-Afrika kanye nabesifazane waze washona ngo-1913 ekhaya lasebekhulile yena uqobo ayesungule kulo.

Kuyiqiniso, akubona bonke ababhikishi ababengama-American American. Isibonelo, uHarriet Beecher Stowe wayengomunye wabamhlophe abaningi baseMelika abadlala indima yobumbano kubantu abayizigqila zesizukulwane sakhe. Inoveli yakhe nokudlala, U-Uncle Tom's Cabin unqobe abantu abaningi “bohlanga” nesigaba sakhe ukuxhasa ukuqedwa kobugqila.

Indaba yakhe yenza iphuzu lokuthi ubugqila buthinta wonke umphakathi, hhayi nje labo abathiwa ngamakhosi, abathengisi nabantu ababenza izigqila. Incwadi yakhe yaphula amarekhodi okushicilela futhi waba ngumfihlo ka-Abraham Lincoln.

Ngakho-ke siyabona ukuthi ukuqedwa kobugqila kwenzeka ngezenzo zezakhamizi ezejwayelekile ezingakaze zibambe izikhundla ezikhethiwe. Ngingasho futhi ukuthi uDkt King akazange aphathe noma yisiphi isikhundla sikahulumeni esisemthethweni. Inhlangano elwela amalungelo abantu, kusuka ekuqothulweni kobugqila kuya ekwahlukweni kweminyaka yo-1960 ngokuyinhloko ingumphumela wesiko elide lokungalaleli okuthula.

Abafundi bazobona ukuthi ngishiye okuthile okubaluleke kakhulu. Angikayisho iMpi Yombango. Abaningi bangaphikisana ngokuthi isenzo samasosha kaHulumeni Wombuso sokuketula i-Confederacy yikho okwakuqeda nya ubugqila unomphela.

Encwadini yakhe, Impi Ayikaze Nje, UDavid Swanson wakha impikiswano ekholisayo yokuthi iMpi Yombango yayiyisiphazamiso enhlanganweni yokuqothula. Ubugqila baba isisekelo sodlame, njengoba izikhali zokubhujiswa kwabantu abaningi zaziyimbangela yokuhlaselwa kwe-Iraq ngo-2003.

Njengoba uSwanson ekubeka, "Izindleko zokukhulula izigqila -" ngokuzithenga "bese unikeza inkululeko yazo - ngabe zincane kakhulu kunaleyo esetshenziswe eNyakatho empini. Futhi akubalwa nokuthi iNingizimu isetshenzisile noma ifaka izindleko ezindlekweni zabantu ezilinganiswe ngokufa, ukulimala, ukucwiywa kwezitho zomzimba, ukuhlukumezeka, ukubhujiswa, kanye namashumi eminyaka omunyu ohlala njalo. ”

Ekugcineni, umlando ukhombisa ukuthi kwakuyizenzo zezishoshovu ezejwayelekile ezifana noDouglass, Tubman, Beecher Stowe noDkt King ezibuyise amalungelo abantu abagqilaziwe kanye nenzalo yabo eMelika. Isishoshovu sabo sokusebenza ngokungakhathali nokuzibophezela kwabo ukukhuluma iqiniso emandleni kuphoqe iLincoln edidayo kwathi kamuva abaMongameli uKennedy noJohnson basuka kothango benza into efanele.

Izishoshovu zenhlangano yomphakathi yisihluthulelo sokusungula ubulungiswa bezenhlalo.

UDavid Rintoul ubambe iqhaza kuzo World BEYOND War izifundo eziku-inthanethi zokuqedwa kwempi.