Yiziphi Owesimende ZikaKhisimusi Kwabaqedi Bombuso

NguWilliam Loren Katz, Izindaba ze-Consortium

Ngaphambi kokuba uKhisimusi abe yimpumelelo yokuhweba, kwaholela ekuhlaleni impilo yomphakathi. Emakoloni aseMelika ase-13 nezinsuku zokuqala zase-United States, kwaziwa njengomkhosi wokuphuza kakhulu nokushayisana.

Kodwa njengoba umzabalazo ekugqilazweni ubugqila ku1830s, iqembu lama-abolitionists besifazane abangamaKristu laliqondisa lona eholidini elinikezelwe isikhulu sokuthula nokukhululwa.

Ku-1834, amalungu kaWilliam Lloyd Garrison asanda kuhlanganiswa eMassachusetts Anti-Slavery Society - ama-African-American kanye nabamhlophe, amadoda nabesifazane - babona uKhisimusi njengethuba lokuveza i-republic ekhohlisayo eyamemezela inkululeko yabantu bonke okwamanje yabamba izigidi zabantu base-Afrika, amadoda nabesifazane izingane ziboshiwe ebugqilini.

Abesifazane babehola phambili kulokhu, balula ngesibindi umphakathi owabaphika ivoti kanye nezwi elikhulu lomphakathi. Ukuxhasa imbangela yokuqeda, laba besifazane bahlela izitolo zakwaKhisimusi ezazithengisa izipho ezinikelwe kanye nemilayezo yokulwa nobugqila.

Ngenxa yokuthi abesifazane babevelele kulo mzamo, abezindaba balolo suku babhala imibuthano yokuqeda imibhikisho "imihlangano yokuziphatha kabi" futhi bahlambalaza abalandeli besilisa ngokuthi "U-Nancy amadoda." Kodwa ngisho nalapho bebhekene nokuhlaselwa amazwi namazwi, amadoda nabesifazane abaphikisana nobugqila baqhubeka . Ngemva kwemihlangano ethile, abesifazane baxhuma izingalo, abamnyama nabamhlophe, futhi bazungeza amadoda abo ukuze bavikele emiphakathini evuthayo.

Abolitioners abolitionists nabo baholele ekubhekaneni nomphakathi waseNyakatho owazizwa ukuthi ukuhlukunyezwa kwabesifazane nabantwana abagqilaziwe kwakuyizindaba ezibucayi kakhulu futhi ezingenakuqhathaniswa kwengxoxo yomphakathi. Ngolwazi olucacile nemifanekiso ecacile, abolitionists besifazane babesebenzisa amakhanda abo kaKhisimusi ukuze bamemezele ubuhlukumezi nokudlwengulwa abahluphekile odadewabo abagqilaziwe.

Ukuze bangenele unembeza waseNyakatho, abesifazane baphinde baqhathanise umkhuba ovamile wokushaya izingane njengesiyalo - okuqala ukuzuza ukungavumelani okubanzi - ukushaywa ngesihluku kwamadoda, abesifazane nabantwana abagqilaziwe, okwakubonakala ukuthi abezindaba bafihliwe ekubukeni komphakathi.

Laba besifazane baphenduka iholide likaKhisimusi babe yisikhathi sokupha isipho esivulekile esivuzayo izingane. Ngokugcizelela ukuphathwa kahle kwezingane, labesifazane babuza abaseMelika ukuba bamukele ukuthi abantu abagqilaziwe, abanamalungelo ambalwa kunabantwana, bafanelwe ukunakekelwa kwamaKristu nokuphana, futhi.

Okungenani eyodwa yokuqala yaseMassachusetts ephikisana nobugqila ehlelekile ibonisa ukuthi i-chorus yezingane ezibandlululwa ngokweqile eyaziwa ngokuthi "i-Boston Garrison Juvenile Choir." Yayihlabelela izingoma ezidumile ezifana ne "Sugar Plums." Abesifazane abaqhuba lezi zikhumbuzo zikaKhisimusi nabo basebenzisa izimpawu ezikhangayo, njenge-shrub ehlala njalo. Ekupheleni kwe-1830s, i-fairs yaKhisimusi beyiyinto engumthombo oyinhloko wokuxoshwa kwezimali zokuqeda imali.

Abaxhasi baseBazaar esikhundleni salo shrub encane eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, esihlahleni esigcwele esitshalwe njalo, umqondo ophefumulelwe nguCharles Follen, umfuduki waseJalimane owayengummeli wamalungelo omntwana kanye noprofesa wezincwadi eHarvard University. Uxoshwe ku-1835 ngenxa yemisebenzi yakhe yokulwa nobugqila.

Lokho kuKhisimusi, umbhali odumile waseBrithani u-Harriet Martineau wavakashela ekhaya likaFollen futhi wangena ngaphansi kwesihlahla sakhe esivamile esivamile. UMartineau wachaza ngomdlandla "umuthi kaKhisimusi" kaPollen kwenye yezincwadi zakhe futhi umphakathi wathandwa kakhulu. Isihlahla sikaKhisimusi sasinjengehlobo elide lomsindo webala elihlaza.

Ngalezo zinsuku, abesifazane abaphikisana nobugqila nabalandeli babo besilisa babebhekene nezinceku ezinamandla eziphethe izigqila ezaziphatha izigidi zamadoda, abesifazane nabantwana njengempahla, kanye nesistimu yezopolitiki elawulwa yizifundazwe zaseSouth ezilawula izinqubomgomo eziningi zalaba abathathu amagatsha kahulumeni wesifundazwe.

Noma kunjalo, ukudalula ubugebengu obukhulu bezwe lobugqila, leli qembu labafazi labandlululo laguqula lokho okwakungumkhosi wokungaboni ngaso sonke isikhathi, umkhosi owubuhle obumnyama owenzela inkululeko yabantu bonke.

Ukuze ukhanyise ukukhanya kwesibambiso sabantu futhi adinga ukukhululwa ngoKhisimusi kanye nezinye izinsuku ze-364, lezi zinhlupho zokulwa nezigqila zishaya kanzima eminyango evaliwe, zisebenzisa ubuciko bokuhlakanipha kanye namandla okuziphatha. Ekugcineni umkhosi wabo awukhululanga kuphela abafowabo nodadewabo baseNingizimu kodwa wabeletha ukunyakaza kwamaSulumane okwathi ngemva kweminyaka eminyaka bathola amalungelo ezombusazwe kubo bonke abesifazane base-United States.

Ukusetshenziswa kwabo ngoKhisimusi ukufanisa imbangela yokulwa nobugqila futhi kwanikezela izimpawu eziningi ezimnandi zikaKhisimusi, kuhlanganise nokugcizelela kwazo izingane, ukupha isipho nesihlahla esihlala njalo. Futhi, ngokuqinisa inkululeko, laba besifazane banikela ngentando yeningi isipho sikaKhisimusi esingayeki ukunikeza.

UWilliam Loren Katz, umbhali we AmaNdiya aseMnyama: Ifa elifihlekile kanye nezinye izincwadi zomlando waseMelika ezingamashumi amane, iScholaring Visiting at New York University. Imininingwane uWilliam Loren Katz 2010 Iwebhusayithi yakhe iyi- www.williamlkatz.com