NguDavid Swanson, World BEYOND War, Okthoba 3, 2022
Incwadi yakamuva kaChris Hedges, Ububi Obukhulu Impi, yisihloko esihle kakhulu nombhalo ongcono nakakhulu. Empeleni ayiphikisani necala lokuthi impi iwububi obukhulu kunobunye ububi, kodwa ngokuqinisekile bunikeza ubufakazi bokuthi impi imbi kakhulu. Futhi ngicabanga ukuthi kulo mzuzu wezinsongo zezikhali zenuzi, singacubungula icala elisungulwe ngaphambilini.
Kodwa iqiniso lokuthi sisengozini enkulu ye-apocalypse yenuzi lingase lingathakaseli noma lishukumise abantu abathile ngendlela icala elenziwe kule ncwadi.
Vele, uHedges uthembekile ngobubi bezinhlangothi zombili zempi yase-Ukraine, okuyinto eyivelakancane futhi engase yenze abafundi abaningi abancenge noma ivimbele abafundi abaningi ukuba bangene kakhulu encwadini yakhe - okungaba incwadi. amahloni.
UHedges ugqamile ekuzenziseni okukhulu kukahulumeni wase-US nabezindaba.
Futhi muhle kakhulu kokuhlangenwe nakho komakadebona bezempi baseMelika, kanye nokuhlupheka nokuzisola okunyantisayo abaningi babo abanakho.
Le ncwadi futhi inamandla ezincazelweni zayo zonyaka ongcolile, ongcolile, nonyanyekayo kanye nephunga lempi. Lokhu kuphambene nokuthandwa kwempi okuvame kakhulu kumabonakude nakumakhompyutha.
Kuhle futhi ekuqedeni inganekwane yokuthi ukuhlanganyela empini kwakha isimilo, kanye nokuveza ukukhazinyuliswa kwempi kwamasiko. Leli yincwadi ephikisana nokuqashwa; elinye igama kungaba incwadi yeqiniso ekubutheni.
Sidinga izincwadi ezinhle ngalezo ningi lezisulu zempi zanamuhla ezazingenawo umfaniswano.
Le yincwadi evame ukubhalwa ngokombono wase-US. Ngokwesibonelo:
“Impi yaphakade, echaze i-United States kusukela ngeMpi Yezwe II, icisha ukunyakaza okukhululekile, kwentando yeningi. Yehlisa isiko libe yi-nationalist cant. Kwehlisa isithunzi futhi konakalise imfundo nabezindaba futhi kubhidliza umnotho. Amandla akhululekile, entando yeningi, anikezwe umsebenzi wokugcina umphakathi ovulekile, ayaphelelwa amandla.”
Kodwa futhi ukubheka ezinye izingxenye zomhlaba. Ngokwesibonelo:
“Kwakuwukuwohloka kwempi engapheli, hhayi inkolo yobuSulumane, eyabulala izinhlangano ezikhululekile, zentando yeningi emazweni ama-Arabhu, ezazinesithembiso esikhulu ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili emazweni anjenge-Egypt, iSiriya, iLebanon, ne-Iran. Kuyisimo sempi yaphakade eqeda amasiko enkululeko kwa-Israel nase-United States.”
Ngengeza le ncwadi ohlwini lwami lwezincwadi ezinconyiwe zokuqedwa kwempi (bona ngezansi). Ngenza kanjalo ngoba, nakuba incwadi ingakhulumi ngokuqedwa, futhi umbhali wayo angase aphikise, lokhu kimina kubonakala kuyincwadi esiza ekuqedeni icala. Ayisho lutho oluhle ngempi. Inikeza izizathu eziningi ezinamandla zokuqeda impi. Lithi “impi ihlale iyimbi,” futhi “azikho izimpi ezinhle. Lutho. Lokhu kuhlanganisa neMpi Yezwe II, eye yahlanjululwa futhi yachazwa njengenganekwane ukugubha ubuqhawe baseMelika, ubumsulwa, nobuhle.” Futhi futhi: “Impi ihlezi iyinhlupho efanayo. Idlulisela igciwane elifanayo elibulalayo. Kusifundisa ukuphika ubuntu bomunye, ukubaluleka, ukuba khona, nokubulala nokubulawa.”
Manje, ngiyazi ukuthi uHedges, esikhathini esidlule, uye wavikela izimpi ezithile, kodwa ngincoma incwadi, hhayi umuntu, kancane kancane umuntu ngaso sonke isikhathi ngesikhathi (impela angizange ngibe nami ngaso sonke isikhathi ngesikhathi). Futhi ngiyazi ukuthi kule ncwadi uHedges ubhala ukuthi “Impi yokuqala, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ise-Iraq noma e-Ukraine, iyicala lempi,” njengokungathi ezinye izinhlobo zezimpi zingase zingabi “ubugebengu bempi.” Futhi ubhekisela “empini yobudlova yobugebengu” njengokungathi impi yento ethile ingase ivikeleke ngokokuziphatha. Futhi uze afake nalokhu: “Azikho izingxoxo eziphathelene nokucwasana ezindlini ezingaphansi eSarajevo lapho sishaywa ngamakhulu amagobolondo aseSerbia ngosuku futhi ngaphansi komlilo ongapheli wokudubula. Kwakunengqondo ukuvikela idolobha. Bekunengqondo ukubulala noma ukubulawa.”
Kodwa ubhala lokho njengokuholela ekuchazeni imiphumela emibi ngisho naleyo mpi “enengqondo.” Futhi angicabangi ukuthi ummeli wokuhlakaza wonke amasosha kufanele aphike ukuthi kunengqondo. Ngicabanga ukuthi noma yimuphi umuntu noma iqembu labantu elihlaselwayo ngalesi sikhathi, ngaphandle kokulungiselela noma ukuqeqeshwa ukulwa nomphakathi okungahlomile, kodwa izikhali eziningi zingacabanga ukuthi ukuzivikela okunobudlova kunengqondo. Kodwa lokho akusho ukuthi akufanele sikhiphe wonke amadola ngaphandle kwamalungiselelo empi futhi sibeke amanye awo emalungiselelweni okuzivikela okungahlomile.
Nalu uhlu olukhulayo:
UMKHONO WOKWENZA KWEMHLABA:
Ububi Obukhulu Impi, nguChris Hedges, 2022.
Ukuqeda Udlame Lwezifundazwe: Umhlaba Ongaphezu Kwamabhomu, Imingcele, namakheji nguRay Acheson, 2022.
Ngokumelene Nempi: Ukwakha Isiko Lokuthula nguPapa Francis, 2022.
Izimiso Zokuziphatha, Ukuphepha, kanye Nomshini Wezempi: Izindleko Zangempela Zamasosha ngu-Ned Dobos, 2020.
Ukuqonda Umkhakha Wempi nguChristian Sorensen, 2020.
Impi engekho nguDan Kovalik, 2020.
Amandla Ngokuthula: Ukuthi Ukuxoshwa Kwezempi Kwaholela Kanjani Ekuthuleni Nenjabulweni E-Costa Rica, Futhi Lokho Wonke Umhlaba Ongakufunda Esizweni Esincane SaseTropiki, nguJudith Eve Lipton noDavid P. Barash, 2019.
Ukuvikelwa Komphakathi nguJørgen Johansen noBrian Martin, 2019.
Ukubulala Kuhlanganisiwe: Incwadi Yesibili: Ukuthandwa Kwesikhathi SaseMelika nguMumia Abu Jamal noStephen Vittoria, 2018.
Izindlela Zokuthula: Abasinda Abakwa-Hiroshima nabakwaNagasaki Bakhuluma ngu-Melinda Clarke, i-2018.
Ukuvimbela Impi Nokukhuthaza Ukuthula: Umhlahlandlela Wezobuchwepheshe bezeMpilo ihlelwe nguWilliam Wiist noShelley White, i-2017.
I-Business Plan Yokuthula: Ukwakha Umhlaba Ongenawo Impi ngu-Scilla Elworthy, i-2017.
Impi Akukaze Imane nguDavid Swanson, 2016.
I-Global Security System: I-Alternative to War by World Beyond War, 2015, 2016, 2017.
Icala Elimelene NeMpi: Yikuphi I-America Elahlekile Ekilasini Lomlando We-US kanye Nalokho Thina (Konke) Ongakwenza Manje nguKathy Beckwith, i-2015.
Impi: Ubugebengu Ngomuntu nguRoberto Vivo, 2014.
Ukubukeka kwamaKatolika nokuqeda iMpi nguDavid Carroll Cochran, 2014.
Impi Nokudakisa: Ukuhlolwa Okubalulekile nguLaurie Calhoun, 2013.
Shift: UkuQala KweMpi, Ukuphela Kwempi nguJudith Hand, 2013.
Impi engekho: I-Case for the Abolition nguDavid Swanson, 2013.
Ukuphela kweMpi nguJohn Horgan, 2012.
Ukuguquka Kuya Ekuthuleni nguRussell Faure-Brac, i-2012.
Ukusuka Empi Kuya Ekuthuleni: Umhlahlandlela Eminyakeni Eyinkulungwane Ezayo ngu-Kent Shifferd, i-2011.
Impi Ngamanga nguDavid Swanson, 2010, 2016.
Ngaphandle kweMpi: I-Human Potenti for Peace nguDouglas Fry, 2009.
Ukuphila Ngaphandle Kwempi nguWinslow Myers, i-2009.
Ukuchithwa Kwegazi Okulingene: Izixazululo eziyi-101 Zobudlova, Usongo, Nempi nguMary-Wynne Ashford noGuy Dauncey, 2006.
Iplanethi Yomhlaba: Isikhali Sempi Samuva nguRosalie Bertell, 2001.
Abafana Bayoba Abafana: Ukuphula Isixhumanisi Phakathi Kobudoda kanye Udlame lukaMyriam Miedzian, 1991.
