Ngo-Pat Elder, ngoMeyi 29, 2019
I-Sen. John I-Barrasso (R-WY), uSihlalo weKhomishana yeSenate yase-US yezemvelo nemisebenzi yomphakathi, unamandla amakhulu ekwenzeni umthetho mayelana nokulawulwa kwezinto ezibulalayo ze-flouralkyl (PFAS). I-Barrasso yiSenate umamukeli ophezulu wemali kusukela embonini yamakhemikhali futhi kunomlando omude wezomthetho okukhuthaza izithakazelo zomkhakha.
I-Barrasso ibuye i-Pentagon's point man. Uphikisa ukubhekana nawo wonke amakhemikhali e-PFAS njengeklasi. Ukwenza kanjalo kungase kunqabe impi yezobuchwepheshe zobuchwepheshe abayisho kubalulekile empilweni yabo. I-PFAS iyisithako esisebenzayo emilenzeni yokulwa nomlilo esetshenziselwa amasosha ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca komlilo ekusekelweni kwezempi. I-foam ye-carcinogenic ivumelekile ukuba ingene emhlabathini ukuze ibone ubuthi emanzini angaphansi komhlaba kanye namasistimu omkhumbi omasipala. Akukho lutho olukwazi ukufaka umlilo oshisayo oshisayo ofana ne-PFAS-laced foam.
Umthetho ojwayelekile udinga ukuthi wonke amakhemikhali e-5,000 + PFAS alawulwe ngokuhlanganyela ngoba konke kubonakala kunobuthi.
I-BarrassoIsimo saso sivikela isigaba “senzuzo phezu kwabantu” sezimboni kanye nezempi. I-Barrasso kanye nohlobo olusha lwabashisekeli abanesandla esiphakeme eWashington babuza ukuthi ngabe abenzi bomthetho kufanele bathathe leyo ndlela ngoba isakhiwo ngasinye samakhemikhali siveza amazinga nezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zengozi empilweni yabantu nasemvelweni. Bathi isayensi iyinkimbinkimbi ngokwedlulele futhi idinga iminyaka eminingi yokufunda ngaphambi kokuba kwenziwe imithetho - uma kubonakala kudingekile.
I-Barrasso Ubuye waveza ukungabaza mayelana nomthetho ongahle “uthathe uhlangothi lwenqubo yokwenza imithetho esetshenziselwe ukuhlola ubungozi” obuhambisana namakhemikhali ngaphansi kwemithetho ekhona yezemvelo. “ICongress yasungula lezi zinqubo zokwakha imithetho emashumini eminyaka edlule. Kukholakala ukuthi izinhlangano zikahulumeni zikulungele kangcono ukuhlola isayensi yokulawulwa kwamakhemikhali, ”usho kanje. Ukuhumusha: Isayensi iyinto esabekayo futhi siyazi ukuthi abanye kwiCongress bafuna ukushaya impempe eqenjini lethu elenza inzuzo ngokungcolisa impilo yabantu kanye nemvelo, ngakho-ke kungcono kulabo abaqokelwe isayensi abakhoyo kuTrump benze izinqumo ezingenayo imithwalo esindayo yesayensi .
Eminye yomthetho ifaka izigwegwe eziqinile ze-Superfund nemigomo kuma-polluters, into ephazamisa ama-elite alawulayo. I-Barrasso futhi ibutho lakhe lamakhomishana asemaceleni emaceleni omabili aphikisana nawo athi ukuphoqeka kwemali ye-Superfund kuyoba yinto engalungile ngoba uhulumeni nomkhakha baye basebenzisa la makhemikhali ngokukholwa okuhle. Lokhu kungcolile ukucabanga. Nakuba bengalokothi bakhulume ngamasosha, nansi ingxabano: "Izikhumulo zezindiza, izinkampani zokulungisa izinto, kanye nabanye basebenzisa isiqhumane somlilo esiqukethe i-PFAS ukuze bavikele abasebenzi babo kanye nomphakathi kabanzi." I-Barrasso ngokuvamile isebenzisa izenzo zesikhathi esidlule ukuchaza ukungcoliswa okuqhubekayo.
Chairman I-BarrassoAmaphuzu okukhuluma afaka phakathi abanye osaziwayo ababili. Uthi “abaqedeli bensimbi” (ukuhumusha: ama-F-35's, njll.) Basebenzisa i-PFAS “ukwehlisa ukukhishwa komoya kanye nokuchayeka kwabasebenzi ezinsimbini ezisindayo.” Ukuvikela umkhuba wamasosha wokungcolisa imiphakathi engomakhelwane, I-Barrasso uthi, "Izitshalo zokwelashwa kwamanzi okudaka amanzi kanye nezindleko zokungcebeleka komhlaba abakwazanga ukuzazi ngamakhemikhali" ngakho akufanele baphathwe imithethonqubo emisha. "
I-Barrasso, Yebo, ishiya ukuhlanza okuvuthiwe kanye nesifo sohudo esifakwe egazini ukubulawa kwabantu, okuthiwa, i-Colorado Springs eduze nePeterson Air Force Base abaphuza amanzi e-PFAS eminyaka ye-20. Kuyinto iqiniso elingathandeki.
Nakhu okusemthethweni kumthetho osalindile eSenate:
S. 638 kungadinga ukuthi i-EPA iqoke izinto ze-per- ne-polyfluoroalkyl njengezinto ezinobungozi ngaphansi koMthetho Ophelele Wokuphendula Ngendawo, Isinxephezelo, kanye Nomthetho Wezikweletu wango-1980. (CERCLA-Superfund). I-CERCLA ingenye yemithetho ekhazimula kunazo zonke ezweni ngoba ibeka ngokuqinile izintshisekelo zenkampani nezempi ekucatshangweni kwezesayensi kwezemvelo nezempilo yabantu.
I-S. 638 izoba intuthuko enhle kakhulu ngoba izokwenza izinga eliphezulu lokungcolisa i-PFAS elizokhahlela ezinyathelo ezidingekayo, kuhlanganise nezinhlawulo ezincane zokungalaleli. Akekho okwamanje okwamanje! I-3M, i-Chemours ne-DuPont imelene kabi ngoba izobhubhisa umgomo wabo.
Lo mthethosivivinywa ungase uvumele ukuthi amasosha afune, "ingculazi" futhi ahlukane nazo zonke iziqondiso ezintsha. Lona ngumbuzo obalulekile kumaprofesa omthethosisekelo womthethosisekelo njengo-Rep. Jamie Raskin, (D-MD-8), nakuba impi ibonakala iphumelela ngalolu mkhakha kuze kube manje ukuzivikela ekuziphatheni ngokumelene nezifunda eziningi.
S. 1507 - Umthethosivivinywa wokufaka izinto ezithile ze-perfluoroalkyl ne-polyfluoroalkyl ku-Toxics Release Inventory, nezinye izinjongo.
Akusekho umbhalo walo mthethosivivinywa, nakuba ngabe uzofaka cishe i-200 PFAS ku-Inxics Release Inventory, ngokusho Ngaphakathi kwe-EPA. I-Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) ingumthombo wokufunda ngokukhishwa kwamakhemikhali anobuthi nemisebenzi yokuvikela ukungcola ebikwe yizikhungo zezimboni nezikahulumeni. Lesi yisinyathelo somqondo ojwayelekile esiqondisweni esifanele yize sehluleka ukwengeza wonke amakhemikhali we-PFAS ayingozi ku-inventory. Uma kudlulisiwe, kufanele futhi kufake nesilinganiso sokunciphisa ukungezwa kwamanye amakhemikhali e-PFAS.
Abafundi kumele baqonde ukuthi kukhona into embi kakhulu lapho amakhemikhali enza amaketanga anamandla ama-athomu e-carbon aphethwe ama-athomu e-fluor aneziphetho ezihlukahlukene. Amakhemikhali ahlukumeza amafutha nokuthunga nomlilo kangcono kunanoma yini. Nakuba zingalokothi zihlukane emvelweni futhi zihlambalaza izilwane eziphilayo kuze kube phakade, zizuzisa ukulungiselela impi.
S 1473 - Umthethosivivinywa wokuchibiyela uMthetho Wokuphuza Amanzi Aphephile odinga ukuthi uMphathi we-Environmental Protection Agency abeke amazinga angcolisa kakhulu amakhemikhali athile, kanye nezinye izinhloso.
Akusekho umbhalo walo mthethosivivinywa, noma.
Lokhu kungenye indlela edingeka kakhulu, ejwayelekile. Kungadinga i-EPA ukuthi ibeke izinga elikazwelonke lokuphuza amanzi e-PFAS eminyakeni emibili emva kokumiselwa. Kuleli qophelo, nge-EPA eceleni, akukho ukuqondiswa okusemthethweni kuleli klasi lamakhemikhali.
Amaqembu amaningana, ekuqapheliseni i-vacuum ezingeni likahulumeni, asele amazinga awo angcolile kakhulu. I-New Jersey, isibonelo, isethe i-MCL ye-20 ppt. i-PFAS emanzini angaphansi komhlaba nasemanzini okuphuza. Amanzi angaphansi komhlaba ngokuvamile asetshenziselwa amanzi okuphuza eNew Jersey nasezweni lonke.
Ukushayela ekhaya iphuzu lesizwe esiwumshayabhuqe wesilinganiso seBhayibheli, i-Alexandria. I-Louisiana, eduze ne-England Air Force Base (eyayivala iminyaka engu-28 edlule) isenayo i-10,900,000 ppt ye-PFAS emanzini angaphansi komhlaba futhi kukhona abantu abahlala eduze naleso sisekelo ngamanzi.
Okhathazeka nge-S 1473 yiyo ukuthi i-MCL ingasungulwa ngezinga eliphezulu ukuvikela impilo yabantu. Phela, ososayensi bezempilo baseHarvard bathi i-1 ppt ye-PFAS emanzini okuphuza kungenzeka abe yingozi.
S 1251 - Umthethosivivinywa wokuthuthukisa nokuxhumanisa izinyathelo zikahulumeni ezingezansi futhi unikeze usizo ekubhekiseni nezinselelo zempilo yomphakathi ezibangelwa ukungcola okuvela kwamanye amazwe kanye nezinye izinjongo.
Ukuqoqa idatha ukubhekana nokungcola okulindele izinqumo ngu-EPA Administrator kuthatha iminyaka eminingi futhi ukuthola idatha kwezinye izidakamizwa okwamanje ezilindele izinqumo zokulawula kungathatha isizukulwane. Lo mqondo ovamile-umqondo wawuzoqinisa izenzo zentando yeningi kanye nokusiza amazwe ekuphenduleni izinkinga zempilo yomphakathi.
S. 950 - Ukufuna uMqondisi we-United States Geological Survey ukuthi enze ucwaningo ezweni lonke ngamakhemikhali aphefumulelwe, nezinye izinjongo.
Lokhu kunengqondo, futhi. Iqaphela ukuthi leli zwe libhekene nosongo lwezempilo njengoba kungekho omunye emlandweni walo.
S 1372 - Ukukhuthaza izinhlangano zombuso ukuthi zingene ngokushesha noma zichibiyele izivumelwano zokubambisana namazwe okususa nokulungisa izinyathelo zokubhekana nokungcola kwePFAS ekuphuzeni, ebusweni, nasemanzini angaphansi komhlaba kanye nohlaka lwangaphansi komhlaba, nangezinye izinhloso.
Umthethosivivinywa kaSen.Debbie Stabenow uzobamba iPentagon ibhekele ukuhlanza ukungcoliswa kwePFAS abakudalile. Ngaphansi kwalesi senzo, igama elithi "indawo yenhlangano" lisho indawo engaphansi kwegunya likaNobhala Wezokuvikela.
Nansi umbhalo:
(1) NGOKWENZEKA.-Uma isicelo sikaMbusi noma isikhulu esiphezulu seHulumeni, iminyango noma i-ejensi ye-Federal izosebenza ngokusheshisa ukuqedela isivumelwano sokubambisana, noma ukuchibiyela isivumelwano esisebenzayo sokubambisana, ukuhlola, ukuqapha, ukususwa, kanye nezenzo zokulungisa ukulungisa ukungcoliswa noma ukusolakala ukuthi kungcolile kwamanzi okuphuza, amanzi angaphezulu, noma amanzi angaphansi komhlaba noma indawo yomhlaba noma i-subsurface strata evela kumakhemikhali aphethwe yi-friction Federal.
(2) IZINYATHELO EZINYE. -Isivumelwane sokubambisana sigcwaliswe noma sichitshiyelwe ngaphansi kwesigaba (1) sizodinga indawo engaphansi kwesivumelwano sokubambisana ukuze ihlangabezane noma idlulise amazinga afanele kakhulu kulezi zindlela ezilandelayo zokufakelwa kwamakhemikhali afanelekile kunoma yiluphi udaba lwezemvelo:
(A) Umgomo kaHulumeni ophoqelekile, empeleni kuleso Sifundazwe, ngamanzi okuphuza, amanzi aphezulu, noma emhlabathini ongaphansi komhlaba noma umhlaba ongaphansi komhlaba noma i-subsurface strata, njengoba kudingekile ngaphansi kwesigaba 121 (d) soMthetho oHloniphekile wokuPhendula, ukuKhokhiswa, nokuPhathwa kweMvelo 1980 (42 USC 9621 (d)).
(B) Iseluleko sezempilo ngaphansi kwesigaba 1412 (b) (1) (F) soMthetho Wokuphuza Amanzi Okuphuza (42 USC 300g-1 (b) (1) (F)).
(C) Noma yiliphi izinga le-Federal, imfuneko, umgomo, noma umkhawulo, kufaka phakathi nesilinganiso, imfuneko, umgomo noma umkhawulo okhishwe ngaphansi kwe-
(i) Umthetho Wokulawulwa Kwezinto Eziyingozi (15 USC 2601 kanye neq.);
(ii) Umthetho Wokuphuza Amanzi Okuphuza (42 USC 300f et seq.);
(iii) Umthetho we-Clean Air (i-42 USC 7401 ne-seq.);
(iv) Umthetho Wokulawulwa Kokungcoliswa Kwamanzi ku-Federal (33 USC 1251 kanye seq.);
(v) Umthetho Wokuvikela Amanzini, UCwaningo, kanye Nama-Sanctuaries Act we-1972 (eyaziwa ngokuthi "uMthetho we-Ocean Dumping Act") (33 USC 1401 et seq.); noma
(vi) Umthetho Wokulahlwa Kwemfucuza Eqinile (42 USC 6901 kanye seq.).
Manje, kuningi ongakufaka - kepha kubamba izinyawo zePentagon kugwebu lokulwa nomlilo. Kungasho, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukuthi i-DOD kuzodingeka ithobele umthetho waseNew Mexico noma waseMichigan, kunokukhanyisa umunwe ophakathi "wobukhosi". Umthetho ohlongozwayo ungadinga amashumi ezigidigidi zamaRandi - futhi mhlawumbe nangaphezulu. Isikhathi sokufaka amahhashi. Kumele sivikele impilo yabantu esengozini.
Ukuthula, ubulungiswa bezenhlalakahle, ezempilo kanye nezishoshovu zemvelo kufanele ziqaphele. I-1372 ingenye yezingxenye eziphawuleka kakhulu zomthetho wezemvelo emlandweni wesizwe. Amakhulu ezisekelo zezempi e-US nasemhlabeni wonke aqhubeka engcolisa abasebenzi bezempi kanye nemiphakathi eseduze.
Nakuba Izikweletu ezihlobene ne-PFAS kusanda kuhanjiswa eNdlu, yiSeneti ephethe amakhadi, noJohn I-Barrasso ungumlindisango.
Izinyathelo zeNdlu zifaka imithetho eminingi, kuhlanganise nokuvinjelwa kokuqothula amakhemikhali, okungukuthi, kuze kube manje, kungahlanganiswa nezindleko ezibhekwa yiSenate. Naphezu kwemiphumela ebuhlungu yezempilo, amasosha aqhubeka nokuqothula ubuthi ngoba kuyindlela elula futhi ebiza kakhulu yokulahla i-PFAS. Iziphathimandla zamanzi zomphakathi ziye zaziphoqeleka ukuba zishise i-PFAS-laced sludge ye-sewer ngoba ithobisa umhlabathi, amanzi angaphansi komhlaba, namanzi angaphezulu lapho isakazwa khona emasimini asepulazini.
Inkokhelo yeNdlu eyodwa izohlinzeka ngama-dollar ase federal kumasistimu kamasipala kamasipala abanjwe ukheshi-angakwazi ukuvikela impilo yabantu ekuhlaselweni kwe-carcinogenic. Omunye wayezobeka imali kubakhiqizi be-PFAS ukuba bakhokhele izindleko ezinkulu ezibhekene nezikhulu zamanzi ezweni lonke. Noma kunjalo, omunye umthethosivivinywa uzosungula isimiso sokuzithandela sokuthi i-cookware ibhalwe ngokuthi "PFAS-ephephile." Ngokusobala, umthethosivivinywa awuhambanga ngokwanele. I-Congress kumele ivinjelwe izinto ngokuqondile!
Ibhilidi ebalulekile linganciphisa ukusetshenziswa kobuciko be-carcinogenic ngabacimi bomlilo. Izinga lomdlavuza phakathi kwalesi sigaba emphakathini ziphakathi kwezizwe eziphakeme kakhulu esizweni.
Ngakho-ke, kungani i-EPA ingenzi umsebenzi wayo?
Impendulo ukuthi i-fox iyalinda i-henhouse. Bona ukuthi yibaphi abadlali abakhulu ku-EPA:
- Umqondisi u-Andrew Wheeler wayengumuntu obambe iqhaza lamandla emisebenzini eminingi.
- U-Erik Baptist ungumqashi wokuphepha wamakhemikhali owavela e-American Petroleum Institute.
- UPeter Wright, ummeli weDow Chemical, manje uqhuba uhlelo lwe-Superfund lokuhlanza
- UDavid Dunlap, iphoyisa ehhovisi lika-EPA, wayeyisikhulu seKoch Industries.
- USteven Cook, oyinhloko yeqembu elisebenza nge-Superfund, wayeyiseluleko esiyinhloko samaplastiki nezamakhemikhali goliath Lyondell Basell Industries.
Okhethwe nguTrump ukuphatha iHhovisi Lezokuphepha Kwezokuvikela Nokungcoliswa Kwemvelo, uMichael Dourson, uhoxile ekucabangeni ngemuva kokuthi sekutholakele kahle ukuthi uchithe isikhathi esiningi somsebenzi wakhe evikela izigebengu ezisifaka ubuthi, ngenkathi izama ukuqeda i-EPA. UDourson usebenzise isisekelo socwaningo esikhokhelwa yiDuPont, Monsanto kanye neAmerican Chemistry Council. Wathengisa mbumbulu-isayensi yakhe kumthengi ophakeme kunabo bonke. I-Barrasso kukhulunywa ngoDourson “njengesisebenzi sikahulumeni esisebenza kahle, esinolwazi, nesizinikele.” I-BarrassoIkomidi lika-Dorson lamukele ukuqokwa kukaDourson ngaphambi kokuba kuqhume ukushayisana komlilo uDourson.
I-Pat Elder isebenza eBhodini labaqondisi World BEYOND War.
