NguGareth Porter, Februwari 9, 2018
Kusukela TruthDig
Isivumelwano sokubambisana phakathi kweNyakatho neNingizimu Korea kuma-Olympics sinikeza ukuphumula esigubhini sezinsongo zempi ngokuhlehlisa ukujima okuhlanganyelwe kwamasosha ase-U.S.-South Korea kuze kube ngemva kokuphela kweMidlalo Yasebusika. Kepha inzuzo yangempela evela kuma-Olympics detente ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi ohulumeni bakaMongameli waseNingizimu Korea uMoon Jae-in kanye noKim Jong Un waseNyakatho Korea bangafinyelela esivumelwaneni sokuguqula izivivinyo ezihlangene zase-US-Republic of Korea (ROK) ukuze kubuyiselwe umuntu waseNyakatho Korea. ukuhlolwa kwe-nuclear ne-missile.
Leso sivumelwano se-intra-Korea singavula indlela entsha yezingxoxo phakathi kwe-United States neNyakatho Korea mayelana nezinhlelo ze-nyukliya ne-missile yasePyongyang kanye nokuxazululwa kokugcina kweMpi YaseKorea-uma uDonald Trump ezimisele ukuthatha i-off-ramp kule nkinga. Kepha akuyena uKim Jong Un kuphela othathe isinyathelo sokuvula indlela yokuphuma kule nkinga. UMoon Jae-in ubesebenzela ukuqhubekisela phambili ukuvumelana okunjalo kusukela agcotshwa njengomongameli waseNingizimu Korea ngoMeyi odlule.
Isiphakamiso seNyanga—esingakaze sibikwe emithonjeni yezindaba yase-US—saqala ukuntanta kusasele izinsuku eziyishumi ngaphambi kokuthi iNyanga ifike ngomhlangano wangoJuni 10 noTrump eWashington, D.C. Moon, umeluleki okhethekile wezokubumbana, izindaba zangaphandle kanye nokuphepha kwezwe, Moon Chung-in, wethula lesi siphakamiso emhlanganweni wokufundisa eWilson Center eWashington njengo- ukucabanga kukaMongameli Moon. UMoon Chung-in uthe omunye wemibono kamongameli ukuthi iSouth Korea ne-US “bangaxoxa ngokunciphisa iSouth Korea-U.S. ukuzivocavoca okuhlanganyelwe kwezempi uma iNorth Korea imisa izikhali zenuzi kanye nemisebenzi yezikhali ezicitshwayo. " Ubuye wengeza ngokuthi uMongameli Moon "ubecabanga ukuthi singanciphisa ngisho nezimpahla zamasu zaseMelika ezithunyelwa eNhlonhlweni yaseKorea [ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca]."
Ekhuluma nababhali baseNingizimu Korea ngemuva kwesemina, uMoon Chung-in uthe "asikho isidingo sokusebenzisa izimpahla zamasu ezifana nezindiza ezithwala izindiza kanye nemikhumbi-ngwenya yenuzi ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca kwe-Key Resolve kanye ne-Foal Eagle." Abahleli bezempi basebenzisa igama elithi “izimpahla zamasu” ukuze babhekisele ezindizeni nemikhumbi ekwazi ukuletha izikhali zenuzi, iNorth Korea osekunesikhathi eside iphikisana nayo ngamandla.
U-Moon Chung-in uphakamise ukuphuca lezo "zimpahla zamasu," ezazingakaze zibe yingxenye yokuzivocavoca okuhlanganyelwe ngaphambi kuka-2015, ngaphandle kokuzivocavoca okuhlangene, ephikisana ngokuthi ukungezwa kwabo kube yiphutha lamasu. "Njengoba i-US ithumele izimpahla zayo zamasu," esho, "iNorth Korea ibonakala iphendula ngale ndlela ngoba icabanga ukuthi i-US izogadla uma iNyakatho ikhombisa noma yibuphi ubuthakathaka."
UMoon Chung-in watshela izintatheli zaseNingizimu Korea kamuva ukuthi wayethula imibono yakhe, okwakungeyona inqubomgomo esemthethweni kahulumeni, kodwa wathi “ngeke kube iphutha” ukusho ukuthi uMongameli Moon uvumelana nabo. Nesikhulu esiphezulu ehhovisi likaNyanga esiphikelele ukuthi singadalulwa sikhuluma nezintatheli akaphikanga ukuthi umbono owaxoxwa nguMoon Chung-in wawucutshungulwa nguMongameli uMoon, kodwa lathi ihhovisi litshele uChung ukuthi isitatimende sakhe “ngeke sibe usizo ebudlelwaneni besikhathi esizayo phakathi kweNingizimu Korea ne-United States.”
Omunye umuntu onobudlelwano nohulumeni omusha, umakadebona wezokuxhumana u-Shin Bong-Kil, wethula isiphakamiso esifanayo esithangamini eSeoul ngasekupheleni kukaJuni. UShin, owayengumqondisi we-Inter-Korea Policy Division yoMnyango Wezangaphandle we-ROK iminyaka eminingi futhi eyilungu lethimba labameli abaphathi beNyanga ababelithumele ukuzochaza izinqubomgomo zabo kuhulumeni waseChina, wayesanda kubuya engqungqutheleni eStockholm lapho. Izikhulu zomnyango wezangaphandle waseNyakatho Korea nazo zibambe iqhaza. Ngokusekelwe kulokho akuzwile engqungqutheleni, uShin wathi ukunikela ngokuqeda izici ezinjalo ekuzilolongeni okuhlanganyelwe kwe-Key Resolve kanye ne-Foal Eagle kuzohlinzeka ngalokho akubiza ngokuthi “inzuzo enkulu” yokuthola ukwamukelwa kweNyakatho Korea kokumiswa kokuhlolwa kwezikhali zenuzi kanye nemicibisholo.
Ngesonto elifanayo u-Moon Chung-in enza ngalo isiphakamiso esidlangalaleni, uMongameli uMoon ngokwakhe waphikisana naye ingxoxo ne-CBS News ngokumelene nesidingo sokuphatha kukaTrump "sokuqedwa ngokuphelele kohlelo lwenuzi lwaseNyakatho Korea." UMoon uthe, "Ngikholwa ukuthi okokuqala kumele silwele ukunqanyulwa kwezinhlelo zenuzi kanye nemicibisholo yaseNorth Korea."
Ubephakamisa isidingo sokushintsha isiphakamiso esithi "iqhwa ukuze kube yiqhwa" esamukelwe yiBeijing, iPyongyang neMoscow, esingadinga ukuthi kuqedwe ngokuphelele ukuzivocavoca okuhlanganyelwe kwamasosha ase-US-South Korea ukuze kunqandwe ukuhlolwa kwezikhali zenuzi kanye nemicibisholo yaseNyakatho Korea. Ibutho lase-U.S. linqabile.
Ochwepheshe ababili baseMelika baseKorea base bevele bekhona ukuthuthukisa esabo isiphakamiso esinemininingwane ngokunciphisa izivivinyo ze-U.S.-ROK. UJoel Wit, owayengumeluleki omkhulu weNxusa uRobert Gallucci ezingxoxweni zohlaka okuvunyelwene ngalo—manje osesebenzisa isizindalwazi esithi 38 North, egxile eNyakatho Korea—kanye noWilliam McKinney, owayeyisikhulu segatsha laseFar East ophikweni lwezepolitiki nezempi. Indlunkulu yezempi e-Pentagon, yaphikisana ngokuthi izindiza zezindiza ezinamandla enuzi nezinye "impahla yamasu" bekungadingeki ezinhlosweni zezempi zase-US.
Njengoba uMcKinney ephawulile engxoxweni nami, izindiza zase-US ezilingisa ukuhlasela kwenyukliya eNyakatho zisebenzisa izindiza ezinamandla ezimbili “zivame ukuba ngaphandle kohlelo lokuzivocavoca.” Inhloso yalezo zindiza, uMcKinney uthe, "ukukhombisa amandla ethu okuvimbela, futhi kungaphikiswana ngokuthi sekuvele kukhonjisiwe."
Phakathi kwezinye izinguquko, uMcKinney kanye noWit bahlongoza ukuthi ukuzivocavoca okuhlanganyelwe kwe-U.S.-ROK Ulchi-Freedom Guardian okuhlelwe ukuthi kuqale ngo-Agasti kuthathelwe indawo umsebenzi kahulumeni waseNingizimu Korea ozobhekwa izikhulu eziphezulu zase-U.S., kanye nokuthi ukuzivocavoca kweFoal Eagle, okubandakanya ukuzivocavoca okudidiyelwe kwemikhumbi yempi neyomoya, kwenziwa “emkhathizwe”—okusho kude kakhulu neNhlonhlo YaseKorea.
UMoon walicindezela buthule icala lakhe nabaphathi bakaTrump, ecela ukuthi i-Ulchi Freedom Guardian yenziwe ngaphandle kokuthi “impahla yamasu” ifakwe, futhi nakuba icishe ingabonakali, umyalo waseMelika eSouth Korea wavuma buthule. Inethiwekhi yethelevishini yaseNingizimu Korea i-SBS kubikwe ngo-Agasti 18 ukuthi i-United States yayikuhoxisile ukuthunyelwa okwakuhlelelwe ngaphambili kwezindiza ezimbili zase-US ezithwala izindiza, umkhumbi-ngwenya wenuzi kanye nebhomu lamasu njengengxenye yokuzivocavoca ngesicelo sikaNyanga.
I-Winter Olympics inikeze uMoon isizathu sokuqhubekisela phambili i-ajenda yakhe yezobunxusa. Umemezele ngoDisemba 19 ukuthi ucele ukuthi amasosha ase-US ahlehlise umsebenzi ohlanganyelwe we-U.S.-ROK obehlelelwe uJanuwari kuya kuNdasa kuze kube sekupheleni kwama-Olympics, kuncike eNyakatho Korea ukuthi ingakwenzi ukuhlolwa. Kepha ngaphambi kokuthi kufike impendulo esemthethweni yase-US, uKim Jong Un uphendule ngohlelo lwakhe lwezepolitiki nezepolitiki. Encwadini yakhe yonyaka Inkulumo yoSuku Lonyaka Omusha, uKim ucele lokho akubiza ngokuthi “i-détente” neNingizimu Korea ukuze “kudambiswe ukungezwani okukhulu kwezempi phakathi kwenyakatho neningizimu.
Umholi waseNyakatho Korea ucele uhulumeni weNyanga ukuthi "uyeke konke ukushaya kwezikhali zenuzi abakwenzile namabutho angaphandle" futhi "uyeke ukuletha izikhali zenuzi kanye namandla anonya e-United States." Lokho kwakhiwa, okuhlukanisa phakathi kokuzivivinya kwezempi okuhlanganyelwe kanye nokuzivocavoca kwezikhali zenuzi, kuphakamise ukuthi uKim wayebonisa intshisekelo kaPyongyang yokuxoxisana ngesivumelwano abeluleki beNyanga ababesiveze esidlangalaleni ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ngaphambili.
U-Moon uphendule ngesimemo esiya eNyakatho Korea ngezingxoxo eziphezulu ngo-Jan. 9 mayelana nokusebenzisana kwama-Olympic nokunciphisa ukungezwani kwezempi, kuqale inqubo ye-North-South nuclear diplomacy.
Akumangazi ukuthi abezindaba bebhizinisi babukeke bexakile ekukhulumeni kweNyanga yaseNyakatho Korea. Indaba ye-New York Times ngekheli likaKim likaNyaka Omusha ihlawumbisela ukuthi umholi waseNyakatho Korea uphumelele ukudlala uMongameli Moon ngokumelene nokuphathwa kukaTrump, kodwa empeleni, uhulumeni waseNingizimu Korea uyaqonda ukuthi lesi sinyathelo ngeke siphumelele ngaphandle kokusekelwa kokuphatha kukaTrump.
Izingxoxo zaseNyakatho-Ningizimu eseziqalile zizogxila ekuqhamukeni nefomula yesivumelwano sokushintsha izivivinyo ezihlangene zamasosha ukuze kumiswe ukuhlolwa kwezikhali zamasu zaseNyakatho Korea. Izingxoxo zingathatha isikhathi eside kunama-Olympics, okungase kudinge ukuhlehliswa kokuzivocavoca kwe-U.S.-ROK okuvamise ukuqala ngoMashi. Ngenkathi uNgqongqoshe Wezangaphandle waseNingizimu Korea u-Kang Kyung-Hwa ememezela ngoJan. 25 ukuthi isiteleka sokuqala sase-U.S. emiqhudelwaneni ecitshwayo yaseNyakatho Korea kanye/noma izikhali zenuzi “akwamukeleki” kuhulumeni we-ROK, wenqabile ukusho ukuthi iNingizimu izophinde iqalise yini ukuzivocavoca ngemva Ama-Olympics.
Leso sitatimende sikhomba iqiniso lokuthi abaphathi bakaTrump noma abezindaba bezinkampani abakaze balivume esidlangalaleni: Uzakwabo wase-United States waseNingizimu Korea ubheka ukuqala kwezingxoxo neNorth Korea njengento ebaluleke kakhulu - ephakeme kunokuphinda kuqalwe kabusha izivivinyo zezempi esezithukuthelise iNorth Korea amashumi eminyaka. futhi ikakhulukazi kusukela ngo-2015.
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UGareth Porter uyintatheli ephenyayo ezimele, isazi-mlando kanye nombhali oke wakhuluma ngezimpi nokungenelela kwase-US e-Iraq, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Iran, Yemen naseSyria kusukela ngo-2004 futhi wayengumnqobi we-2012 we-Gellhorn Prize for Journalism. Incwadi yakhe yakamuva ithi "Inkinga Ekhiqiziwe: Indaba Engachazeki Ye-Iran Nuclear Scare" (Izincwadi Zomhlaba nje, 2014).
