Ukwakha uhlelo lokuthula

NguRobert A. Irwin

Amanothi ayenziwe nguRuss Faure-Brac

Lokhu kubhalwe ku-1989, kodwa kusebenza nanamuhla ngokuphishekela ukuthula njenganini ngaphambili.

Isifingqo seSifinyeto

• Izakhi eziyisisekelo zohlelo lokuthula ziyi:

1) Ukubusa kanye nezinguquko emhlabeni jikelele

2) Izinqubomgomo zokuvikela izwe ezingasongeli

3) Izinguquko kwezomnotho namasiko ezizosekela ukuthula nenkululeko ngokunciphisa ukungalingani kanye nokungezwani

• Nakuba kucindezela uhulumeni ngokuguqulwa kwenqubomgomo kubalulekile, isu elibanzi lokushintsha abantu nezikhungo liyadingeka, kubandakanya:

1) Ukuguqula ukuthi yimiphi imithombo yolwazi abantu abathembele kuyo

2) Izimali zomphakathi zokhetho

3) Ukuphonsela inselelo indawo yezinqubomgomo zamanje zobandlululo, ezobulili kanye nezobuzwe

4) Ukugqugquzela amalungiselelo ahlukene ezomnotho

• Uma impi ingahle yenziwe njengendlela yokulimaza, ukuthula kungakhiwa njengendlela yokukhiqiza ukuvumelana.

Isingeniso - Indlela Yokuthula Yohlelo Lokuphela Kwempi

• Imizamo edlule yokuqeda impi ayilanele. Ukuqeda impi inqubo kumele ikwazi ukubhekana nezinto ezihlukahlukene ezingahle zihambe kahle, zibe yinkimbinkimbi kodwa ziguquguquke futhi ziqinile kangangokuthi uma into eyodwa ingasebenzi, enye iyaqala ukusebenza.
• Uhlelo oluhlelwe ukuthula lubandakanya izendlalelo eziningi:

1)    Izinguquko zomhlaba wonke ukunciphisa izimbangela zempi

2) Izikhungo ze ukuxazulula izingxabano ukuvimbela impi

3) Umuntu wesithathu (wezempi noma ongewona owezempi) ukungenela ukuthula ukuvimbela ngokushesha ukuhlaselwa

4) Okudumile ukumelana okungaphephile ngokumelene nanoma yiluphi uhlobo lokuhlaselwa okubhujiswe ngokuqondile. Ukunqoba akuqinisekisiwe kodwa futhi akuyona impi.

Ingxenye Yokuqala: Ingxabano Yamanje Nenhla

• Ukuvikeleka kwe-US kuchazwa emibuthanweni ephezulu njengokulwa kwempi yenuzi, ukuvinjelwa nokulawulwa kwezandla.
• Abalobi abahlukahlukene baye bahlanza kabusha izimbangela zempi: umphakathi omkhulu (ukugunyazwa kwamalungelo omphakathi yisisombululo), ukungalingani kwezombangazwe nezomnotho ("ubandlululo lwamazwe omhlaba"), izinhlelo zokuphatha nokuhlonipha (masculine noma patriarchal).
• UJoanna Macy ugcizelela izithako ezine kuhlelo lokuholela ekuthuleni:
  • Ukuzimisela ukubhekana nale nkinga
  • Amandla okubona nokucabanga ngendlela ehlelekile futhi ephelele
  • Umbono oguquliwe wamandla
  • Isidingo sokungabi nampofu

Ingxenye Yesibili: Ukwakha Uhlelo Lokuthula

• Kubalulekile ukucabangela ukucaciswa kwe-1) mayelana nemigomo kubalulekile, i-2) umgomo ocacile, uma ukhuthaza futhi i-3) ukubuka izikhungo ezintsha kubangela inselelo ezikhungweni ezikhona.
• Ekucabangeni ukuthi yikuphi okumele kube khona, cabanga ngalokhu kungenzeka kunokuba kuningi kakhulu.
• Isikhathi esingokoqobo sokucatshangelwa ukufeza umgomo kufanele sisekelwe ekutheni unamandla angakanani.
• Uhlaka oluhle lokuhlela lusekelwe ku-a ukuhlaziywa ngalokho okukhona okwamanje, a umbono yalokho okuzokwenzeka esikhathini esizayo kanye a isu ukuze uthole kusukela okwamanje kuya esikhathini esizayo oyifunayo.
• Zama izixazululo eziningana kanyekanye, bheka ukuthi yini esebenza futhi ivumelane nayo
• A ephelele ukuklama uhlelo lokuthula akudingeki ukuletha ukuthula.
• Hanna Newcombe ku Yakha izwe elingcono (1983) inikeza iziqondiso eziyisikhombisa ezijwayelekile:

1) Thuthukisa ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene, uhla oluqhubekayo lwezinye izindlela, kunokuba kwenziwe idizayini eyodwa, engaguquki, eqinile

2) Yakha ngokungabi nodlame, ukuhleleka nobulungiswa njengezinto ezintathu zokuthula

3) Naka izigaba bese uqhubeka ngokuzama, uhlola impumelelo nokuhluleka endleleni ukuze kulungiswe ukulungiswa

4) Naka ukubanzi nokuhlanganiswa kokuhlelwa (?)

5) Sebenzisa umgomo “wenkampani engaphansi” lapho noma yimuphi umsebenzi kufanele wenziwe emazingeni aphansi kakhulu ahambisana nokusebenza kahle komsebenzi

6) Ngena ku "equilibrium nemvelo" - "cishe" akwenele (?)

7) Khulisa kokubili ukwamukeleka nokusebenza kwepulani. Mhlawumbe amaqembu ahlukene acindezela izinhlelo ezahlukahlukene ezahlukahluka ngokuthi zithobekile noma zifinyelela kude kangakanani.

• Ekucabangeni uhulumeni wezwe, umsebenzi ukubusa akudingeki ukuba uthunyelwe ngokuphelele esikhungweni esibizwa ngohulumeni. Ukubusa okufanele kudinga:

1) Abamele abakhethiwe ukwenza imithetho

2) Igatsha eliphezulu elinamaphoyisa ukuphoqelela imithetho

3) Izinkantolo zokuxazulula izingxabano

Ezinye izici ekusetshenzisweni kwesistimu yomthetho yizo:

1) Ukungezwani okungokwemvelo okuyimbewu yengxabano yangomuso engaphezulu

2) Ukuba semthethweni kohlelo lwezomthetho ngakho-ke ukuzimisela kwamaqembu "ukuthobela isinqumo"

3) Izindlela zokuxazulula izingxabano ezisetshenziselwa ukuvimbela izinkinga ukuthi zifinyelele esigabeni esibi

4) Izindlela ezisetshenziselwa ukuphoqelelwa lapho kuphulwa imithetho

• Akulona iqiniso ukuthi izindlela zokulondeka kombuso owodwa zingendlela ezinye ezisongelwa ngazo. Kunezindlela zokuzivikela ezingasongeli abanye futhi ezibandakanya ukukwazi ukuhlasela okuphawulekayo, njengezikhali ezinendawo ezihleliwe (njengezinqaba nezindawo zokulwa nezindiza) noma ngaphakathi noma eduze nendawo yayo (njengezindiza ezincane). Izindiza zezindiza, imicibisholo edelele kanye nezibhamu ziyingozi kakhulu futhi isongo esicacile kwamanye amazwe.
• Izezimali zokuthula okuhlala njalo zivikelekile, zizinzile futhi zinelisekile.
  • Imiphakathi iyoba yinto encane kakhulu yempi esilinganiselwe izinga lokushiya usizi, ukuphelelwa yisikhathi nokungavikeleki ngokuzimela okuthembekile kubo bonke.
  • Kunemingcele ekukhuleni komnotho, kodwa ngokuphathwa kahle kungaba khona impilo ehloniphekile kubo bonke abantu bezwe.
  • Ukuthuthukiswa komnotho okubambisana okubanzi okuhlangene kungase kusekele ukuthula emhlabeni wonke ngezindlela ezintathu:
    • Ngokuvumela izakhamuzi ukuba zihlolisise futhi zilawule abaholi futhi zimelane nokuxhaphaza empini
    • Ngokulondoloza imvelo yomhlaba wonke ngokusebenzisa ukwanda kwentando yeningi yangakini ngokuphila komnotho, futhi
    • Ukwandisa ikhono lomuntu nesifiso sokubamba iqhaza ekwenzeni izinqumo
    • Indlela yokuthula ngeke ivele ekushintsheni okungazelelwe emasiko, enkolweni noma engqondweni yomuntu, kodwa kunokuba ishintshe izici zento yangempela yamanje.

Ingxenye yesithathu: Ukwenza ukuthula kube yiqiniso

• Esikhundleni sokuzama ukuphoqa abenzi bezinqubomgomo eziphezulu ukuba basebenzisane ohlelweni lokuzenzela ukuletha ukuthula, kumele senze kancane kancane izinto eziningi zesimiso sokuthula. Yakhela uhlelo lokuthula oluqine futhi olunamandla kuze lube namandla kunehlelo lempi, khona-ke sizobe sesishintshile.
• "Isimo esihle kakhulu" simo sokuthula singaba nezigaba ezine:
  • Imizamo emikhulu yokuqeda izimbangela zempi
  • Izinqubo zokuxazulula izingxabano zomhlaba jikelele
  • Ukugwema ukuhlukunyezwa ngokwenza ukuthula kube mnandi kunempi
  • Ukuzivikela ngokumelene nobudlova, kusizwa i-UN Agency entsha yokuThuthukisa
  • Izimo ezingcono kakhulu zezinkinga zibalulekile ngoba ziqhathanisa ibhalansi "

icala "ukuhlela okuye kwahlukanisa ukukhishwa kwesandla njalo.

• Ukuxilongwa okunye okuvela emphakathini waseMelika kuyadingeka ukuphoqa uhulumeni wethu ukuba avumele ezinye izinhlangano zizikhethele ukuthi zihleliwe kanjani.
• Ukubamba iqhaza kanye nomsebenzi wokhetho ngesenzo esisodwa nesingenasidingo esiqondile futhi ukuphakanyiswa kwezidingo kuyaphakamisa.