Kusukela Lalit, Ngo-September 11, i-2018
Icala elishubile beliphambi kwenkantolo yeNhlangano Yezizwe, iNkantolo Yobulungisa Yamazwe Ngamazwe eThe Hague, kuleli sonto. Kungenzeka kanjani ukuthi icala lasenkantolo eminyakeni engama-50 ngemva kwezigameko, lapho ngokuvamile okuyizimpikiswano eziqinile ezingokomthetho zohlobo olunzima kakhulu ngomthetho wamazwe ngamazwe, “zingahlambuluke” nganoma yimuphi umcabango, ingasaphathwa eyokuthi “iphikisane ngokuphelele”?
Bekushubile ngenxa yentukuthelo esanda kucindezelwa yabaningi balabo ababekhulumela iSinqumo Se-UN General Assembly esicela i-ICJ ukuthi inikeze Umbono Wokululeka ngokuthi iBrithani ngeminyaka yawo-1960 yaqeda yini ukuchithwa kweMauritius, ngenkathi ikhipha i-Chagos. okuhlanganisa u-Diego Garcia wase-Mauritius, nokuthi imiphi imiphumela yalokhu kususwa kwekoloni okungaphelele namuhla, kuhlanganise nokuhlaliswa kabusha kukaHulumeni waseMauritius wabantu base-Chagossian eziqhingini zabo zasekhaya. Ulaka olucindezelwe kuphela lwaluhambisana nezinkulumo-mpikiswano ezicacile ezaziyinhlanganisela enhle yamaphuzu omthetho, ezombusazwe, anengqondo kanye namaqiniso ahlanganiswe ngokuqinile. Konke lokhu kwakhombisa ukuthi izilonda zokubuthwa kwamakoloni zisaluhlaza. Nokuthi isifiso esivuthayo sokuqeda ngokwenza amakholoni siwumzwelo ophilayo kuze kube namuhla - e-Afrika nasemhlabeni jikelele.
Thina kwa-LALIT kanye nabo bonke abangani bethu, amaqabane, ozakwethu emzabalazweni kule minyaka engama-40 edlule, sibe nomuzwa owengeziwe wokuthethelelwa. Zonke izimpikiswano zethu - ezinengqondo nezinobuntu - zazibekwe obala emhlabeni wonke, zithathwa ngokungathi sína amajaji ayi-15 eNkantolo Yezizwe Ezihlangene, lapho sesichithe amashumi eminyaka siphendula izimpikiswano eziwubuntwana zaseBrithani, ezivame ukulingiswa izikhulu zendawo ezithobelayo ezithi, "Ikhehla uRamgoolam lidayisele amaNgisi iChagos”, ngakho-ke akukho ongakwenza ngakho. E-ICJ, wonke amaphuzu omthetho angcono kakhulu esinawo, njengezimfundamakhwela e-LALIT, esike sabhekana nawo iminyaka, sagconwa futhi kwaxoxwa ngawo ngongqondongqondo bezomthetho abaphezulu emhlabeni, futhi sonke singakulandela lokhu bukhoma. Futhi cishe zonke izimpikiswano zazivuna i-ICJ inikeze uMbono, futhi iwunikeze ngokumelene neBrithani ngokungaqedi ukuqeda ikoloni, futhi futhi icela iNkantolo ukuthi ibeke imiphumela yanamuhla yalokhu kwehluleka ukuqeda ukuqedwa kobukoloni. Kwaba umthombo wokuziqhenya ukubona ithimba elikhulu lamaChagossia ethimba lezithunywa zaseMauritius, kanye noNkk. Liseby Elysée enikeza ubufakazi.
I-BBC ibe yimithombo yezindaba yokuqala yamazwe ngamazwe ukukhothama phambi komqondo ophusile walabo abaphonsela inselelo iBrithani ngobufebe bayo - ngenxa yalabo abenzele i-BBC uhlelo. E-LALIT, sichithe amahora namahora sibhekene nezintatheli zamazwe ngamazwe ngokugwema kwazo udaba lwe-Chagos.
Kwaphinde kwaba khona umbukiso, ngasohlangothini lwaseBrithani, ukuboniswa okunyanyekayo kokudelelwa kwamakholoni, ikakhulukazi engxenyeni yabavikeli bamakoloni abane abakhulu: iBrithani, i-USA, i-Israel kanye - nakuba yayiyikoloni langaphambili - i-Australia.
Izimpikiswano zabo - lezi ezine - zabambelela ekutheni iSinqumo esithunyelwe ku-ICJ yi-General Assembly yonke "ingxabano yamazwe amabili" phakathi kweMauritius neBrithani, ngakho-ke asivunyelwe nhlobo phambi kweNkantolo ngoba, baphikisana, enye yezinhlangothi eziphikisanayo. le ngxabano okuthiwa yizizwe ezimbili, okungukuthi iBrithani, ayinikezi imvume yayo. Wonke amazwe angama-94 avotele ukuthi kuthunyelwe lesi Sinqumo ku-ICJ awakuvimbi ukuthi kube “kumazwe amabili”! Kwenzeka kanjani lokho kumqondo wekholoni? Wonke lawo mazwe angama-94 awekho, lapho efuna Umbono Wokululeka woMhlangano Jikelele. Akugcini lapho. Njengoba abaningi abanikeza ubufakazi ngokumelene neBrithani baveza kahle, iSinqumo asizange siphakanyiswe ku-General Assembly yeZizwe Ezihlangene yi-Mauritius, enye yamaqembu engxabano yamazwe amabili; yaphakanyiswa yi-55 States of the African Union. Khuluma ngomqondo womkoloni we terra nullius, noma umhlaba ongenabantu kuwo! Inyunyana yamazwe ase-Afrika namanje, eBrithani, e-USA, kwa-Israel nase-Australia, a terra nullius.
Ngakho-ke, leli phuzu laba enye yezimpikiswano eziyinhloko: Ingabe umbuzo wokukhishwa kwazo zonke iziqhingi zase-Chagos eMauritius ngaphambi nje kwe-Independence yaseMauritius "ingxabano yamazwe amabili" noma umbuzo we i-decolonization futhi ukuzikhethela, izinto eziyingxenye yoMqulu we-UN, osekelwa Izinqumo eziningi, esinye seSinqumo esinjalo size sixwayise iBrithani ngokuqondile. hhayi ukuhlakaza iMauritius ngale ndlela?
Futhi kuleli phuzu kwaba nezimpikiswano ezinhle kakhulu ezabekwa yinyunyana yase-Afrika ngokwayo, imelwe izikhulumi ezintathu, namazwe ngamanye aseNigeria, iNingizimu Afrika, iKenya, iZambia neBotswana. Izinsiza ezinkulu zabiwe yilezi Mibuso - ama-55 enhlanganweni yase-Afrika kanye nezinsiza ezengeziwe ezivela kulawa mazwe amahlanu ase-Afrika - ukwakha nokusekela inkulumo-mpikiswano yawo evuna isimiso sokuqeda ngokuphelele amakholoni, nokuthi lokhu kukhishwa kwekoloni kumele kugcine "ubuqotho bendawo. ”.
Amanye amaZwe ayehlaba umxhwele ngokulinganayo: izifundazwe ezincane njengeMarshall Islands, Belize, kanye neVanuatu (za phambi kweNkantolo okokuqala ngqa), Amazwe angaphansi kwengcindezi enkulu nesheshayo evela e-USA njengeGuatamala, Argentina kanye neNicaragua, ezinye izifundazwe ezingaphansi kwengcindezi. ingcindezi evela e-UK, njenge-Cyprus, nabanye abangenayo imbazo yokugaywa, umgomo kuphela okumelwe uwumelele, njengeThailand, i-India neBrazil, bonke banikeza izitatimende zomlomo.
Ukulalela ukusakaza bukhoma (futhi uma kudingeka - VOD) ngesiNgisi nangesiFulentshi kusayithi le-ICJ www.icj-cij.org/en/multimedia-index kanye naku-UN Web TV, indawo esemthethweni ye-UN, yenze izinsuku ezine zokufundisa izibukeli noma izilaleli ngomlando wokuqedwa kobukoloni. Kwadlula izinsuku ezine eshaywa ngesivalo samehlo.
IBrithani yathathelwa izinyathelo ngezimpikiswano zayo ezazihambisana nokuhlekisa uma kukhulunywa ngezindaba ezibalulekile.
IBrithani yaphikisa ngokuthi i-Chagos yayiqhele ngamakhilomitha angama-2,000 10,000 kwezinye iziqhingi zeRiphabhulikhi yaseMauritius, ngakho-ke yona, iBrithani, amakhilomitha ayi-XNUMX XNUMX kufanele ibe nobukhosi. Siyahleka noma siyakhala, lapho sizwa udoti onjalo?
Noma kungani iBrithani kufanele ibe nayo efihliwe ngokunyenya ku-United Nations General Assembly kangangokuthi babehlakaza iMauritius, noma bashumayeza abantu baseMauritius baseMauritius abangu-2,000 1960 abahlala lapho esiqhingini esikhulu saseMauritius, besho ngesitatimende esinobulwane nokucwasa ngokwebala ngaleso sikhathi ukuthi babengekho nhlobo abantu abahlala lapho, nje. izinyoni ezimbalwa lapho (hhayi - okwamanje - zivikelwe imihlangano yamazwe ngamazwe) kanye "noLwesihlanu wamadoda" ambalwa nje? Kungani iBrithani kufanele yenze sengathi isikhungo samasosha aseMelika ababebopha uzungu lokumisa “isiteshi sezokuxhumana” nje? Kungani yonke inkohliso, uma njengoba manje bezama ukusho, kwakusejwayelekile ngeminyaka yawo-XNUMX ukuhlukaniswa kwezindawo ngaphambi kweNkululeko?
Kungani i-UK ikhokhele uHulumeni waseMauritius (yize kwaba yimali encane) eziQhingini uma zingakabi amaMauritius? Izenzo zabo, ezingenakuthetheleleka, zisebenza ngokuphindaphindiwe ukuphikisana nanoma yini uMbuso WaseBrithani ozama ukuyisho namuhla. Kungani banikeza amalungelo okudoba eMauritius uma iziqhingi bezingeyona ingxenye yeMauritius? Futhi kungani amaNgisi akhetha ukushiya iningi lamaChagossia esikhumulweni semikhumbi sasePort Louis uma ayengazi ukuthi amaChagossia ayengamaMauritius? Futhi kungani emhlabeni bathembisa “ukubuyisela” iziQhingi zaseChagos eMauritius, lapho benquma ukuthi “abasadingeki ngezinjongo zokuzivikela”? Futhi mayelana nokwenza sengathi abavoti baseMauritius babenokuzikhethela ngokukhululekile ekunqunyweni ngesikhathi seNkululeko, lokhu kuwudoti ophindwe kabili: ukukhetha okhethweni lukazwelonke lwango-1967 kwakuphakathi kokungayitholi inkululeko (ngokuvota i-PMSD) kanye nokuthola inkululeko neChagos ekhishwe (ngokuvota Umfelandawonye we-Labour-IFB, CAM); futhi amaChagosians awazange avote nhlobo. Ngakho-ke, hlobo luni “lokuzinqumela” noma imvume leyo?
IBrithani yavezwa kaningi ngokuthi ithole ngokuzumayo isizathu sokubona i-Chagos njengekufanele igcinwe (lapho i-USA yayifuna isizinda samasosha lapho) yase ithola izindlela ezinobuqili zokugcina kanye nokuqeda iziqhingi. Ngakho-ke lokhu kuthanda ukuba nesisekelo, kwakusho ukuthi iBrithani yacabanga ukuthi kwakufanelekile ngokuphasisa i-Order-in-Council ukuze ikhiphe i-Chagos eMauritius ngokuphazima kweso, bese ixosha amaChagossia eminyakeni eyi-8 ezayo. Amandla okubumba kuphela ayengakwazi ukubona ubuwula bokuphonsela emoyeni umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe wokuqeda ubukoloni kanye namalungelo abantu baseChagossia okuhlala lapho behlala khona, ngoba nje befuna indawo yesisekelo. Futhi iBrithani iqhubekile nalokhu, isazenza sengathi "izobuya" noma kamuva nje "iyeke" i-Chagos lapho ingasakudingi. Futhi ubani owayeyonquma lapho kungasakudingi? Yebo, kusobala, amakoloni. Babodwa abantu abangabantu.
Konke lokhu kuvele engxabanweni yabo bonke abakhulume bevuna isinqumo se-UN General Assembly sokuthi i-ICJ enamalungu ayi-15 inikeze Umbono Wokululeka. Enye yezindlela zokugwema ukuthi, ngokuqondakalayo futhi ngokubikezelwa, ukuthi iBrithani izama nje "ukuthethelela okungenabulungiswa".
Futhi mayelana neBrithani (kanye ne-USA, Israel ne-Australia) ephikisana "nombono Wokululeka" ovela ku-ICJ, kuyahlanya. Akuwona nje "umbono", obuthakathaka kakhulu, kodwa umbono "wokweluleka", ongaphansi kombono. Umbuzo uthi Kungani kungenjalo? "Kuyiseluleko" kuphela, futhi "umbono" kuphela, ngenxa yobuhle. Yini inkinga?
Futhi hhayi lokho kuphela. IBrithani yalahlekelwa yicala layo ku-Tribunal ngaphansi kwe-Law of the Sea Convention (UNCLOS) ngo-2015 lapho iMauritius ithi iBrithani yayingenabo ubukhosi obanele bokumisa Indawo Evikelekile Yasolwandle lapho - iqhinga lokuvimba amaChagossian aseMauritius naseMauritius - kodwa nokho. IBrithani ayizange isihloniphe isinqumo kuleli cala.
Ngakho-ke, ekugcineni, bonke labo ababe nesandla kulo mzabalazo: AmaChagossia afana noCharlesia Alexis ongasekho no-Aurelie Talate, kanye nabesifazane abangama-150 noma ngaphezulu bamaChagossian, nabo bonke abantu baseChagossian nezinhlangano zabo thina, eLALIT, esazabalaza nabo kanye nabo bonke labo. iminyaka, okokuqala nokuphambili. Ikakhulukazi i-Chagos Refugees Group kanye ne-Organizasyon Sosyal Chagosyin, eholwa ngu-Olivier Bancoult kanye no-Fernand Mandarin ongasekho ngokulandelana. Bese kuba khona abesifazane abayisishiyagalombili - amaChagossia amahlanu, abathathu e-LALIT - ababoshwa futhi babekwa icala lokubhikisha ngokungemthetho ngo-1981, ngokubeka lolu daba ku-ajenda eMauritius, ngemibhikisho yasemgwaqweni ePort Louis izinsuku ezintathu besekela. ngesiteleka sendlala sabesifazane baseChagossian. Bese kuba khona zonke izinhlangano zaseMauritius - njenge-Comité Ilois we-Organisation Fraternel, amagatsha e-MMM ngeminyaka yawo-1970 ePort Louis, izinyunyana kuGeneral Workers' Federation, i-Muvman Liberasyon Fam, i-The Komite Moris Losean Indyin kanye nongasekho. U-Kishore Mundil, i-Komite Rann nu Diego ngeminyaka yawo-1990 kanye neziNgqungquthela ezimbili ze-LALIT International Action, i-Komite Diego yasungulwa ngo-2006 futhi isekhona, nabaculi nezimbongi ezinjengoBam Cuttayen, uJosé Bhoyroo, uRajni Lallah noJoelle Husseiny, noMenwar. , kanye nenani lababhali bamanoveli, futhi. Futhi abantu abenze umnikelo omkhulu njengezintatheli (u-Henri Marimootoo no-Patrick Michel), amajaji afana nomufi u-Rajsoomer Lallah, omongameli bangaphambili beRiphabhulikhi (njengoCassam Uteem), kanye nommeleli unomphela waseMauritius ku-UN uJagdish Koonjal, onekhono- ulinakile leli phepha kungakhathalekile ukuthi yiliphi iqembu elibusayo eMauritius. Umsebenzi onzima wezombangazwe wale mizamo ehlangene ophoqe uMbuso waseMauritius ukuthi ekugcineni uye e-ICJ. Futhi ngisho phesheya, kube khona, ngaphezu States, izinhlangano kanye nabantu ngabanye like Azikho Izisekelo Ukunyakaza, abenzi bamafilimu abafana noPaedar King, uMichel Daeron, uJohn Pilger nabanye, kanye nabasebenzi abaningi nezinhlangano zabantu kule minyaka engama-40 abaye basekela umzabalazo u-Diego Garcia nge-LALIT.
IBrithani ne-USA basenkingeni enkulu yezepolitiki ngeChagos noDiego Garcia.
Noma ngabe uHulumeni waseMauritius ugcwele amandla futhi ekhothamela amasosha ase-US, ebamema ukuthi bahlale, okusho ukuthi imali encane yokuqasha izokwenza, leli cala liletha izenzo zikahulumeni wase-US kanye noHulumeni waseBrithani phambi kwamehlo abantu babo, labo ngokuvamile abangenalwazi nhlobo ngawo wonke la macala: isizinda samasosha (endaweni emnyama ebusweni bomhlaba - lapho bona noma thina eMauritius singenakulawula ngentando yeningi phezu kwayo), ukuqhwagwa komhlaba okungcolile nokungekho emthethweni kweBrithani ngokusebenzisa izwe. ukuhlakazwa kwezwe lonke ngaphansi kombuso walo njengombandela weNkululeko yezwe lonke, kanye nokususwa ngonya ezindlini zabo yi-UK-USA tandem yawo wonke amaChagosians ngemuva kokubabeka phansi ekubukeni izilwane zabo ezifuywayo zibulawa ngegesi, bese ubuka ukudla komile.
Ngakho-ke, manje, ngemva kokusekelwa okungaka kwamazwe ngamazwe - okuvela kubantu ngisho namazwe aphikisana namakholoni, sekuyisikhathi sokuthatha isinyathelo. Thina, eMauritius kumele siphoqe uHulumeni ukuthi alungiselele ukuvakasha okusemthethweni ngomkhumbi, mhlawumbe umkhumbi wokudoba. Uhulumeni okhethiwe kanye nabaphikisayo baseMauritius, abaholi baseChagossian, izintatheli zaseMauritius kanye nezintatheli zamazwe omhlaba bonke abakhona ukuvakashela le ngxenye yeMauritius.
Sekuyisikhathi futhi sokuthi uNgqongqoshe uMentor, owayengufakazi kuleli cala futhi okunguye yedwa umuntu osindile “ezingxoxweni” lapho iBrithani ihlela ukuhlakazwa kweMauritius, abuyisele “uMnumzane” wakhe futhi abe nguMnu u-Aneerood Jugnauth futhi. , bese ebuyisela i-QC yakhe, ngenkathi emayelana nayo.
Futhi uMnyango ngamunye eMauritius kufanele ulungiselele ukubuya kweChagos eMauritius.
Izinguquko ezizayo zoKhetho uHulumeni athi zizofezeka ekupheleni konyaka kumele zibandakanye iSifundazwe ekulindeni amaChagossia.
Amanothi: Icala le-ICJ lalingomhla zi-3, 4, 5 no-6 Septhemba eThe Hague.
