Njengoba iNhlonhlo YaseKorea ithatha izinyathelo ezisheshayo zokusondelana okukhulu futhi amakhulu ezigidi zabantu eNyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Asia babambe umoya, abantu baseMelika abakhululekile basitshela ukuthi ngeke sithembele kuhulumeni waseNyakatho Korea ngoba abayena umxoxisi wokholo, njengokungathi iWashington. is. Ngokwamazwi eDemocrat ephezulu kwiHouse Intelligence Committee, “Kufanele sikubheke ngokungabaza okudingekayo okwazalwa yizinkulumo ezinjalo esikhathini esidlule. Ezikhathini eziningi, i-Pyongyang ibonakale ikhethe indlela yezingxoxo, kodwa yahlehla indlela ngemuva kokuthola imvume evela eSeoul noma umphakathi wamazwe omhlaba” ( Guardian). Hmm… Uza nje etafuleni ukuze uthole imvume bese kamuva uhlehlisa isifundo? Lokho kuzwakala kujwayelekile. IWashington ikwenza ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iPyongyang ijwayele ukugcina izithembiso zayo. Lokhu akusho ukuthi iNorth Korea iyizwe elimangalisayo, elihle, kuphela ukuthi uhulumeni walo is uthanda ukuthula, kakhulu onentshisekelo. Yebo kunjalo. Phela ubudlova buyithuluzi labanamandla, hhayi ababuthakathaka.
The New York Times U-Choe Sang-hun no-Mark Landlermarch babike ngolunye usuku ukuthi “kamuva eWashington, uMnu. Trump utshele izintatheli: 'Izitatimende eziphuma eNingizimu Korea naseNyakatho Korea zibe zinhle kakhulu. Lokho kungaba yinto enhle emhlabeni." Baveza amazwi akhe njengokwesabekayo futhi bawaqhathanise nezitatimende zezikhulu ze-White House, "ezaziqaphe kakhulu, nesikhulu esiphezulu sathi i-United States ixoxisane neNyakatho Korea ngohlelo lwayo lwenuzi iminyaka engu-27, nokuthi abaseNyakatho Korea baphule zonke izivumelwano abake bazenza nabaseMelika.” UChoe noLandlermarch basebenzisa igama elithi “noting”! Njengokungathi bamane baqaphela irekhodi elibhaliwe lobudlelwano be-US-North Korea, irekhodi elinohlu olude lwemizamo yokukholwa okuhle yokuthula ngasohlangothini lwaseWashington kanye nezithembiso eziphuliwe ngasohlangothini lwePyongyang. Eqinisweni, izikhulu ezimbalwa nezintatheli ezenza umzamo wokufunda umlando wethu neNorth Korea ziyaqonda ukuthi okuphambene kuyiqiniso. Ngokudabukisayo, izikhulu ezinjalo nezintatheli ziyivelakancane.
Ngakho-ke masikhiphe irekhodi bese siphenya ngalo. Esinye sezibonelo zokuqala zendlela uWashington “efaka ngayo emaphaketheni ama-concessions” bese kamuva “ehlehlisa indlela” yisivumelwano sokulwa okwakufanele siholele esivumelwaneni sokuthula ngemva kokumiswa kweMpi YaseKorea ngo-1953. Yebo, kusukela ekuqaleni ukuntuleka kweWashington ukukholwa okuhle kwabonakala. Ngaphansi kwesivumelwano sezikhali esasayinwa, ukwethulwa kwezikhali ezintsha eNhlonhlo kwakungavunyelwe, kodwa iWashington yaletha izibhamu zenuzi nemicibisholo ecitshwayo enesihloko senuzi u-Honest John ngoJanuwari 1958. Baqhubeka nokuqongelela izikhali zenuzi kwaze kwaba ngu-1991. Khona-ke bashintshela ezikhalini ezivamile eziphumelela kakhudlwana. . I-US ibiphinde ibe nama-ICBM angahlasela kude kanye nemikhumbi-ngwenya ehlome nge-nuke engathuthelwa eNhlonhlweni YaseKorea nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Ngakho-ke iNhlonhlo YaseKorea ekuqaleni yenziwa i-nuclear yiWashington futhi ibigcinwe kanjalo kusukela ngo-1958.
Uhlaka Okuvunyelwene ngalo
Manje, isibonelo samashumi eminyaka amuva nje, ake sikhumbule ukuthi iWashington yasifaka kanjani enkingeni ekhona kwasekuqaleni, isikhathi lapho umhlaba walahlekelwa khona ithuba eliyigugu lokuvimbela ukutholwa kweNorth Korea kwama-nukes kanye nokusabalala okukhulu kwezikhali zenuzi emhlabeni wonke. Ngibhekisela kulokho okwenzeka ngemva kokuba iWashington isayine Uhlaka Oluvunyiwe neNyakatho Korea ngo-1994.
Ngalowo nyaka uBill Clinton wayesezokwethula isiteleka esingekho emthethweni “sangaphambi kokucatshangelwa” ngokumelene neNorth Korea ukuze acekele phansi ama-reactors abo enuzi, kodwa uJimmy Carter wasindisa usuku lapho ebenza ukuba bavume ukumisa uhlelo lwabo lwenuzi. INyakatho ilandele ngokushesha ngokushiya ama-fuel rods emachibini okupholisa futhi iyeke ukwakha okusha. Ngokubuyisela, iWashington bekufanele yakhe ama-reactors amabili amanzi alula, kodwa ayizange ifinyelele kuwo kuze kube ngu-Agasti 2002.
NgoJanuwari 1995 iNorth Korea yasusa izithiyo zayo zezohwebo nokutshalwa kwezimali, njengoba izinhlangothi zombili zazivumelene ukwenza kanjalo, kodwa kwaze kwaba unyaka ka-2000 lapho i-US yenze umzamo oqotho wokususa eyayo imigoqo.
I-US bekufanele futhi "inikeze iziqinisekiso ezisemthethweni ku-DPRK, ngokumelene nokusongelwa noma ukusetshenziswa kwezikhali zenuzi," kodwa asizange sinikeze iziqinisekiso ezisemthethweni futhi saqhubeka nokubasabisa ngezikhali zenuzi, njengaku-1998 lapho "ukuhlasela kwenyukliya okude. izivivinyo eNyakatho Korea” zalingiswa iSeymour Johnson Air Base eNyakatho Carolina. Kwanqunywa ukuthi sizoshaya izindawo zabo ezingaphansi komhlaba eziqinile, iNorth Korea enazo eziningi, ngama-nukes ethu, nokuthi ama-nukes azosetshenziswa “kusenesikhathi esibucayi ngangokunokwenzeka.” Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa kamuva, u-Marine Lt Gen. Raymond Ayres wamemezela esidlangalaleni, "Sizobabulala bonke" engxoxweni yakhe yezinhlelo ze-US zokuhlasela iNorth Korea, ukuze nje kuqinisekiswe ukuthi iNorth Korea iyawuthola umyalezo nokuthi wonke umuntu wayazi ukuthi Uhlaka Okuvunyelenwe Ngalo alusho lutho kithi.
Ngenkathi iNorth Korea igubha iminyaka engamashumi amahlanu yombuso kaKim ngokubeka isathelayithi ku-orbit ngo-1998, abezindaba baqamba amanga bathi iNorth Korea yayisabise iJapan futhi yephula ubukhosi bayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abezobunhloli baseMelika bavuma emasontweni ambalwa kamuva ukuthi, empeleni, kwakuwuhlobo oluthile lombukiso weziqhumane. Lokho bekufanele kube sobala noma kunjalo kusukela ngesikhathi. Akushiwongo ukuthi sekuphele iminyaka emihlanu iNorth Korea yagcina ukujikijela imicibisholo.
Ukuze kuhlengwe isivumelwano esasibhidlika ngokushesha ngenxa yokuhlukunyezwa kweWashington, abaphathi bakaClinton benza izithembiso ezintsha ngo-1999. Lokhu kwakungesikhathi umongameli waseNingizimu Korea engumenzi wokuthula omkhulu futhi owathola uMklomelo Wokuthula kaNobel uKim Dae-jung (1924- 2009), njengoba kunjalo “ngezinqubomgomo zokukhanya kwelanga” zamanje zikaMongameli Moon Jae-in, leyo nqubomgomo yokukhanya kwelanga ibonakala inezinhliziyo ezifudumele eNyakatho. Siyabonga ngokwengxenye kuKim Dae-jung, iWashington yajabulela ukubambisana okumangalisayo okuvela ePyongyang, kwaze kwaba sezingeni lokuthi bavumela amasosha ase-US ukuthi ahlole inqaba engaphansi komhlaba okwakusolwa ukuthi isetshenziselwa uhlelo lwezikhali zenuzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iNyakatho yavuma ukuqhubeka nokuhlonipha isivumelwano naphezu kokuntuleka kweWashington ngaphambilini komzamo wokwethembeka wokufeza izithembiso zayo.
Kodwa ngokushesha ngemva kokuba isivumelwano sivuselelwe ngale ndlela, uGeorge W. Bush ekugcineni wasibulala ngenkulumo yakhe ethi “Axis of Evil” ekhumbuza iNorth Korea ukuthi i-US yayingumbulali obulalayo, nokuthi okulandelayo ohlwini lwabashayiwe ngemva kukaSaddam Hussein. UKim Jong-il (1941-2011), ubaba kaKim Jong-un.
Kanjani IWashington iphatha amaKorea
Kodwa iWashington ayinandaba nalaba bantu baseKorea noma kunjalo ngoba 1) Abantu baseMelika abasongelwa. I-Beijing neMoscow, ngakolunye uhlangothi, bakhathazekile ngoba abantu nezindawo zabo zisongelwa ngokuqondile ithemba lempi eNhlonhlweni futhi. I-Beijing isengozini enkulu futhi kungenzeka bakhumbule iqiniso lokuthi amaShayina angama-900,000 afa elwela ukuvikela iNorth Korea okokugcina ku-UN Command. AmaShayina namaRussia, angalujabuleli uhlobo lokuvikeleka olwenziwa iNingizimu Korea neJapane, neSiqhwaga ngasohlangothini lwawo, kufanele sikhathazeke ngokuthi kuzokwenzekani uma udlame luqala kabusha; 2) abantu abayizigidi ezingu-200 eNyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Asia izimpilo zabo ezingabekwa engozini ngenxa yempi eNhlonhlweni YaseKorea bavela ezindaweni abantu baseMelika abangazikhathazi ngazo futhi bakhetha ngokuzithandela ukuhlala bengenalwazi, okungukuthi, izindawo ezifana neKorea (inani labantu abayizigidi ezingu-80). ); izifundazwe zaseShayina iLiaoning, iJilin, neHeilongjiang emngceleni waseNyakatho Korea (izigidi eziyikhulu); I-Primorsky, eRussia (izigidi ezingu-100); kanye ne-Okinawa (isigidi esi-2), okungaba ngeyokuqala yezingxenye zaseJapane ezishaywe yiNyakatho Korea njengoba izisekelo zaseMelika zigxile lapho; 1) ngaphandle kwabaseRussia, abantu bakulesi sifunda abamhlophe, futhi iningi labo alibona amaKristu; 3) lezi zifunda bezikade zibuswa ohulumeni bamaKhomanisi—“zife kangcono kuneziBomvu” njengoba abantu baseMelika babevame ukusho ngendlela yabo enonya, esheshayo. Abantu bayesaba ngisho nentando yeningi yezenhlalo yesitayela sikaBernie Sanders engaba nesibindi sokunikeza usizo lwezempilo kuzwelonke kuwo wonke umuntu wezwe, njengoba kwenza amanye amazwe athuthukile. Uhlelo olunjalo olunobuntu nolusebenzayo lusafana ne-Stalinism emehlweni abantu abaningi baseMelika. Injalo-ke i-US anti-socialist.
Okubaluleke kakhulu, nokho-iphuzu okufanele wonke umuntu alikhumbule njengoba iWashington ithatha isimo sokufuna ukuthula ngenkathi isebenza ukuvimba ukuthula lapho ingabonwa umphakathi-ingcebo yaseMpumalanga Asia kanye neNqubomgomo ye-Open Door endala yokuthola lowo mcebo. ezandleni zaseMelika. Yilowo mlando wokuhaha kuphela ongachaza ukuthanda kweWashington iNorth Korea, izwe elithatha amahora angu-1 ukundiza lisuka e-US. Uma kuqubuka ukuthula, “singalahlekelwa” ngokuphelele neKorea, njengoba nje sake “salahlekelwa” yiChina. “Thina” kusho abantu abaqhuba umbukiso eWashington, okungukuthi, “the XNUMX%. Ngokwemvelo, umbono wokuthi umhlaba ungaqhubeka kahle ngaphandle kwamasosha ase-US kumele wethuse ama-elite aseWashington kanye namakhosi enkampani yezempi-yezimboni.
Amanothi.
Bruce Cumings, I-North Korea: Elinye Izwe (2003) kanye nethi “Wrong Again,” yakhe. ILondon Review of Books (UDisemba 2003).
Sibonga uStephen Brivati ngokunikela ngokuningi kokuqukethwe yile ndaba kanye nosizo lokuhlela.
