I-Drone Wars kaBiden

Izishoshovu uBrian Terrell noGhulam Hussein Ahmadi eBorder Free Centre eKabul, e-Afghanistan. IGraffiti nguKabul Knight, isithombe sikaHakim

NguBrian Terrell, World BEYOND War, Ngo-Ephreli 19, i-2021
Joyina uBrian kwi-webinar ukuxoxa ngalokhu ngoMeyi 2, 2021

NgoLwesine, Ephreli 15, New York Times uthumele i esihlokweni ephethwe, “Indlela i-US Ehlela Ukulwa Ngayo Bekude Lapho Amasosha Ephuma e-Afghanistan,” uma nje kwenzeka noma ngubani engaqondi kahle usuku lwangaphambilini isihloko, "IBiden, Ukubeka Ukuhoxa Kwe-Afghanistan, Ithi 'Sekuyisikhathi Sokuqeda Impi Engunaphakade'” njengoba kukhombisa ukuthi impi yase-US e-Afghanistan kungenzeka iphele ngoSepthemba 11, 2021, cishe eminyakeni engama-20 iqalile.

Sikubonile lokhu futhi sashintsha iqhinga ngaphambi kwesimemezelo sangaphambilini sikaMongameli Biden mayelana nokuqeda ukwesekwa kwe-US ngempi ende, edabukisayo eYemen. Enkulumweni yakhe yokuqala yenqubomgomo yezangaphandle, ngoFebhuwari 4, uMongameli Biden kumemezela "Siphelisa konke ukwesekwa kwaseMelika kwemisebenzi ehlaselayo empini eyayiseYemen," impi eyalwiwa yiSaudi Arabia kanye nababambisene nayo kusukela ngonyaka we-2015, impi ayibiza ngokuthi "yinhlekelele yokusiza kanye necebo lokulwa." UBiden umemezele ukuthi "Le mpi kufanele iphele."

Njengasesimemezelweni sesonto eledlule sokuthi impi yase-US e-Afghanistan izophela, “ukucaciseleka” kweza ngosuku olulandelayo. NgoFebhuwari 5^th, abaphathi beBiden bachitha umbono wokuthi i-US yayiphuma ebhizinisini lokubulala ama-Yemenis ngokuphelele futhi uMnyango Wezwe wakhipha isitatimende, ukuthi "Okubalulekile, lokhu akusebenzi emisebenzini ecasulayo ebhekene ne-ISIS noma i-AQAP." Ngamanye amagama, noma yini eyenzekayo maqondana nempi eqhutshwa ngabakwaSaudis, impi i-US ebilokhu iyilwa e-Yemen kusukela ngonyaka we-2002, ngaphansi kwesigameko se-Authorization for Use of Military Force esadluliswa yingqungquthela egunyaza ukusetshenziswa kwe-US Armed Amandla alwa nalabo ababhekene nokuhlaselwa kukaSepthemba 11, azoqhubeka unomphela, yize kungekho ISIS noma i-Al Qaeda ePeninsula yase-Arabia ebikhona ngo-2001. nezinye "Imisebenzi ehlaselayo" eyenziwe yi-US ezoqhubeka inganqandeki e-Yemen ifaka phakathi iziteleka ze-drone, ukuhlaselwa kwemicibisholo yemikhumbi kanye nokuhlasela kwamasosha akhethekile.

Yize lokho okwashiwo uMongameli Biden ngempi e-Afghanistan ngesonto eledlule kwakuthi “Ngeke sisuse iso lethu ebusongweni bamaphekula,” futhi “Sizohlela kabusha amakhono ethu okulwa nobuphekula kanye nempahla enkulu esifundeni ukuvimbela ukuvela kabusha kwesongo sobushokobezi ezweni lakithi, ”i New York Times bebengakwazi ukuba kude njengoba behumusha lawo magama ukuthi asho ukuthi, "AmaDrones, amabhomu aqhuma kude namanethiwekhi ezinhloli ayosetshenziswa emzameni wokuvimbela i-Afghanistan ukuthi iphinde ivele njengesizinda samaphekula esisongela i-United States."

Kubonakala ezitatimendeni nasezenzweni zakhe maqondana nempi eyayiseYemen ngoFebhuwari nangokuphathelene nempi eyayise-Afghanistan ngo-Ephreli, ukuthi uBiden akakhathazekile kangako ngokuqeda "izimpi ezingunaphakade" njengoba enikezela lezi zimpi kuma-drones ahlome ngama-500 amabhomu wepondo nemicibisholo yesihogo somlilo esetshenziswa yi-remote control kusuka ezinkulungwaneni zamakhilomitha kude.

Ngo-2013, ngenkathi uMongameli u-Obama egqugquzela izimpi ze-drone ethi "ngokugxila kancane esenzweni sethu kulabo abafuna ukusibulala hhayi abantu abacasha phakathi kwabo, sikhetha isenzo esingahle siholele ekulahlekelweni yimpilo engenacala" bekuvele kwaziwa ukuthi lokhu akulona iqiniso. Kuze kube manje, iningi lezisulu zokuhlaselwa nge-drone yizakhamizi, bambalwa abangamabutho nganoma iyiphi incazelo futhi nalabo okuqondiswe kubo njengabashushisi abasolwayo bayizisulu zokubulawa nokubulawa ngokungenacala.

Ukuba semthethweni kwesimangalo sikaBiden sokuthi i-US "ilwa namandla obushokobezi" njengama-drones namabutho akhethekile kungavimbela "ukuvela kabusha kwesongo sobuphekula ezweni lethu" kuthathwa kalula New York Times- "IDrones, amabhomu aqhuma kude namanethiwekhi ezinhloli ayosetshenziswa ukuzama ukuvimbela i-Afghanistan ukuthi iphinde ivele njengesizinda samaphekula esisongela i-United States."

Ngemva kokuba UBan Killer Drones "Umkhankaso wamazwe omhlaba osebenzela ukuvimbela ama-drones ahlomile asezindiza kanye nokubhekwa kwamasosha namaphoyisa," kwethulwe ngo-Ephreli 9, ngabuzwa engxoxweni ukuthi ngabe ukhona yini kuhulumeni, amasosha, imiphakathi yezobunhloli noma yezobunhloli esekela isikhundla sethu sokuthi i-drones azivimbi ubuphekula. Angicabangi ukuthi kukhona, kepha kunabantu abaningi phambilini ababephethe lezo zikhundla abavumelana nathi. Isibonelo esisodwa kwabaningi uGeneral Michael osethathe umhlalaphansi, owayeyisikhulu esiphezulu sezobunhloli sikaMengameli u-Obama ngaphambi kokujoyina ukuphathwa kukaTrump (futhi ngemuva kwalokho walahlwa yicala futhi waxolelwa). Uthe ku-2015, "Uma ubeka ibhomu kusuka ku-drone ... uzodala umonakalo omkhulu kunalokho ozodala okuhle," futhi "Lapho izikhali ziningi, sinika amabhomu amaningi, ukuthi nje ... kubhebhethekisa ingxabano. ” Imibhalo yangaphakathi ye-CIA eshicilelwe wumbhalo weWikiLeaks wokuthi i-ejensi yayinokungabaza okufanayo ngohlelo lwayo lwe-drone- "Umphumela omubi ongaba khona wokusebenza kwe-HVT (inani eliphakeme lezinjongo)," umbiko uthi, “kufaka phakathi ukukhuphula izinga lokusekelwa kwabavukeli […], ukuqinisa izibopho zeqembu elihlomile nabantu, ukuqeda abaholi abasele beqembu lamavukelambuso, ukudala isikhala lapho amaqembu anamandla amakhulu angangena khona, futhi andise noma andise ukungqubuzana izindlela ezivuna abavukeli. ”

Ekhuluma ngomphumela wokuhlaselwa kwe-drone e-Yemen, umbhali osemusha wase-Yemeni u-Ibrahim Mothana etshela iCongress ngo-2013, "Iziteleka ze-Drone zidala ukuthi ama-Yemenis amaningi azonde iMelika futhi ajoyine amasosha anamandla." Izimpi ze-drone abaphathi beBiden kubonakala sengathi isihogo sizimisele ukwandisa ukulimala okusobala futhi sibuyise ukuphepha nokuzinza emazweni ahlaselwayo futhi kwandise ingozi yokuhlaselwa kwabaseMelika ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe.

Kudala, bobabili uGeorge Orwell noMongameli u-Eisenhower babone kusengaphambili “izimpi zaphakade” zanamuhla futhi baxwayisa ngezimboni zamazwe, ezomnotho nezepolitiki ukuba zincike kakhulu ekukhiqizweni nasekusetshenzisweni kwezikhali kangangokuba izimpi ngeke zisalwiwa ngenhloso yokuzinqoba kepha qinisekisa ukuthi azipheli, ukuthi ziyaqhubeka. Noma ngabe yiziphi izinhloso zakhe, izimvo zikaJoe Biden zokuthula, e-Afghanistan nase-Yemen, ngenkathi elwa impi nge-drone, ayinalutho.

Kosopolitiki, "impi nge-drone" inezinzuzo ezisobala zempi ngoku-oda "amabhuzu phansi." "Bagcina isikhwama somzimba sibala phansi," kubhala uConn Hallinan endabeni yakhe, Usuku lweDrone, “Kodwa lokho kuphakamisa inkinga yokungaziphathi kahle kokuziphatha: Uma impi ingakhi abantu abalimele, ngaphandle kwalapho kuhlosiwe, akukhona yini ukulinga okukhulu ukulwa nabo? Abashayeli bezindiza bakaDrone emakhanseleni abo anomoya opholile eningizimu yeNevada abasoze bahle nezindiza zabo, kepha abantu abasezingeni lokuthola ekugcineni bazothola enye indlela yokuphindisela. Njengoba ukuhlaselwa kwemibhoshongo iWorld Trade kanye nokuhlasela kwamaphekula muva nje eFrance kukhombisa, lokho akusikho konke lokho okunzima ukukwenza, futhi cishe akunakugwenywa ukuthi izinhloso kuzoba yizakhamizi. Impi ngaphandle kwegazi iyinkohliso eyingozi. ”

Impi ayikaze ibe yindlela yokuthula, impi ihlala ifika ekhaya. Ngaphandle kwezisulu ezine ezaziwayo "zomlilo ezinobungane", zonke izinkulungwane eziningi zezisulu zokuhlaselwa yi-drone bekungumuntu webala futhi ama-drones aba esinye isikhali sempi esidluliselwe kusuka ezindaweni zempi kuya eminyangweni yamaphoyisa asezindaweni ezisemadolobheni. Ukuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe nokwanda kwama-drones njengendlela eshibhile, ephephe kakhulu kwezepolitiki yamazwe amaningi okulwa nomakhelwane bawo noma emhlabeni wonke kwenza izimpi ezingapheli zingaxakeki.

Ukukhuluma ngokuthula e-Afghanistan, e-Yemen, emigwaqweni yase-US, akuhambelani ngenkathi kuliwa izimpi nama-drones. Kumele sifune ngokuphuthumayo ukuthi kuvinjelwe ukukhiqizwa, ukuhweba nokusetshenziswa kwama-drones ahlomile futhi kuphele ukuqashwa kwamasosha namaphoyisa. ”

UBrian Terrell uyisishoshovu sokuthula esizinze eMaloy, e-Iowa.