Ngu-Ariel Gold noMedea Benjamin, ngoFebhuwari 10, 2021
Ngaphansi kukaMongameli kaDonald Trump, iGibhithe, kanye neSaudi Arabia, i-Israel, i-UAE, kanye neminye imibuso yengcindezelo, babebusa ngokukhululeka ukwenza ukuhlukunyezwa kwamalungelo abantu okungabekiwe ngaphandle kokukhathazeka ukuthi bangajeziswa noma balahlekelwe ukwesekwa kwezombusazwe nezezimali zaseMelika. Kepha ngenkathi uJoe Biden enqoba ukhetho lwango-2020, uMongameli uSisi wase-Egypt waqala ukukhathazeka. Kungaleso sikhathi-ke lapho athola khona amandla okucela amandla kahulumeni uBrownstein Hyatt Farber Schreck ngo- $ 65,000 ngenyanga.
Ithimba le-pro-Cairo lobby lifaka phakathi osopolitiki abaningi bakudala, kubandakanya nowayenguNgqongqoshe weRiphabhulikhi u-Ed Royce, owayengusihlalo weKomidi Lezangaphandle elinethonya kusuka ngo-2013-2018. Umenzeli oshaqisa kakhulu we-PR embusweni waseGibhithe, nokho, ngu Nadeam Elshami, owayengumphathi omkhulu weHouse Democratic Leader uNancy Pelosi. “Akucabangeki ukuthi indoda echithe iminyaka yayo yobusha eGibhithe, ivela emndenini wamaSulumane owawusekela i-Arab Spring ka-2011 futhi eyayiyisisebenzi esiyinhloko seDemocratic Congress e-US Congress eyayizogcina ngokufuna uhulumeni owabopha, wahlukumeza futhi wabulala amashumi izinkulungwane zabaseGibhithe, ”kusho u-Mohamed Ismail we-Egyptian Abroad for Democracy Worldwide.
UBrownstein unezinto eziningi azifezile, kufaka phakathi ukuphoqa iCongress ukuthi ikuthole Isinxephezelo egameni labathunjwa ababebanjelwe e-Iran ngo-1979, alulame izinto eziphangiwe eziphangiwe ngesikhathi se-Armenia Genocide, zivikelekile Isinxephezelo yabathuthukisi bezindlu obekufanele banciphise ama-asbestos avela kumasayithi ezempi aseMelika angaphambilini, futhi ukuvikela imali eyandisiwe yocwaningo lomdlavuza. Ukumela iGibhithe ngaphansi kukaMongameli Sisi akunakwenzeka ukuthi kube yinto uBrowstein Hyatt Schreck azoziqhayisa ngayo.
NgoJulayi 2013, uSisi wathatha izintambo zokulawula iGibhithe ngesikhathi kuketulwa umbuso okwasusa uMohammed Morsi, umholi wokuqala wentando yeningi. Ngenyanga elandelayo, ngo-Agasti 14, amasosha akhe kubulawa cishe izakhamizi eziyinkulungwane ezibhikisha ngokuthula eRabaa al-Adawiya Square. UMqondisi Ophethe weHuman Rights Watch uKenneth Roth ubize lesi sibhicongo saseRabaa, “esinye sezigameko zokubulawa kwabantu ababhikishi ngosuku olulodwa emlandweni wakamuva,” waveza ukuthi lolu dlame “luhlelwe ngamabomu emazingeni aphezulu omphakathi waseGibhithe.” Phakathi kukaJulayi 1,000 noMeyi 2013, waseGibhithe iziphathimandla ukuvalelwa, ukukhokhiswa, noma ukugwetshwa kwabantu abangaphezu kwama-40,000. Iningi lababoshiwe - ababhikishi, abaphikisi nezintatheli - babanjwa ngaphandle kokuthethwa kwecala. Abanye bazanywa ngaphandle kwenqubo efanele futhi ugwetshwe ukufa.
Ngo-2015, uMongameli uSisi wabusa ngaphandle kwephalamende elikhethiwe, wazinika ithuba lokujeziswa ngokuphelele ngokuhlasela akwenza ngokumelene namalungelo omphakathi nezepolitiki. Ngokufanelekile, konke ukuzuza kwamalungelo abantu okwazuzwa ngesikhathi seNtwasahlobo Yama-Arabhu yowezi-2011 eyaxosha umbusi waseGibhithe owayesenesikhathi eside uHosni Mubarak kwalahleka ngesikhathi uSisi ethatha izintambo. Ukubusa kukaSisi kuqhubekile ngale ndlela nabaseGibhithe babhekana nokuhlukunyezwa kwamalungelo abantu nokuwohloka okukhulu kwemiphakathi.
Ngo-Ephreli 2019, uhulumeni kaSisi waphasisa izichibiyelo zomthethosisekelo ezivumela lo mholi ukuthi aqhubeke nokuphatha kuze kube ngu-2030. Ekwindla kowezi-2019, iziphathimandla zaseGibhithe zaqala umkhankaso wazo omkhulu kusukela uSisi athatha amandla ombuso ngo-2013. Amnesty International, abantu abangaphezu kuka-2,300 111, kufaka phakathi izingane ezingaphezu kwezingu-13, baboshwa lapho kushayelwa abashayeli abathanda ukuthula, izintatheli, abameli bamalungelo abantu, osopolitiki kanye nezishoshovu zezombusazwe. NgoJanuwari 2020, XNUMX, isakhamuzi saseMelika esazalelwa eGibhithe UMustafa Kassem ushone ngemuva kweminyaka engaphezu kweyisithupha eboshiwe eGibhithe. UKassem wayeboshwe ngo-Agasti 2013 eCairo ngezinsolo zokuthi ubambe iqhaza emibhikishweni elwa nombuso wamasosha kaSisi. Wahlushwa ukushaywa futhi wagcinwa esitokisini iminyaka engaphezu kwemihlanu ngaphambi kokugcina, ngaphandle kwenqubo efanele, wathola isigwebo seminyaka engu-15.
Ubhadane lwe-COVID-19 lune kubhebhethekile izimo zasejele ezishubile eGibhithe nakuhulumeni kaSisi zisebenzise le nkinga njengezaba zokuqhubeka nokuqhubeka ukuthula abagxeki futhi basebenzise ukuvalelwa ngaphambi kokuqulwa kwecala.
INyakatho yeSinayi yaseGibhithe, indawo enabantu abambalwa engasemngceleni wakwa-Israyeli neGaza Strip ehlala ama-Israyeli, iyisibonelo esibi kakhulu sokuxhashazwa kwamalungelo abantu ezweni. Ukuhlaselwa ngamaqembu ahlomile, kufaka phakathi abasebenzela i-ISIS, ekufakweni kukahulumeni waseGibhithe kwaqala ukukhuphuka ngemuva kokuvukela kuka-2011 kwe-Arab Spring kodwa kwanda kakhulu kulandela ukubhukuqwa kukaSisi ngo-2013. Esikhundleni sokuvikela abahlali baseSinayi empini yabo yokulwa namasosha, amasosha ase-Egyption "akhombise ukwedelela ngokuphelele izimpilo zabahlali, aguqule impilo yabo yansuku zonke yaba yiphupho elibi lokuhlukumeza," kusho UMichael Page, Iphini lomqondisi weHuman Rights Watch eMiddle East naseNyakatho Afrika.
Umbutho wezempi waseGibhithe eSinayi ubulokhu uzibandakanya nokuhlukumeza, ukungafani (kufaka phakathi izingane njenge Osemncane njengo-12), ubuningi ngokungacabangi ukuboshwa, ukubulala okungadingekile, ukubhidlizwa kwamakhaya, ukubekelwa isikhathi esinzima okubangelwa ukusweleka kokudla, kanye nokuhlaselwa komoya naphansi kwabantu bomphakathi. NgokweHuman Rights Watch, lezi zenzo zilingana no ubugebengu bempi futhi, ngokwe-2020 umbiko nguMnyango Wombuso waseMelika, iGibhithe yenqabe kaninginingi izicelo zase-US zokubheka ukuthi imishini yayo yempi isetshenziswa kanjani eSinayi.
Umlando wosizo lwezezimali lwase-US lwaseGibhithe luqala emuva esivumelwaneni sango-1978 seCamp David Accords kanye nesivumelwano sokuthula sase-Egypt-Israel sango-1979, lapho i-US yaqala ukuhlinzeka iGibhithe ngosizo ngo-2: 3 ratio ngokuya ngosizo lwase-US kwa-Israel. Ngokusho kwe- UMnyango Wezwe wase-US, kusukela ngo-1978, iGibhithe lithole usizo lwezomnotho olungaphezu kwamaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-50 namaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-30. Njengamanje, i-US unika iGibhithe $ 1.3 billion ngonyaka ($ 3.56 million ngosuku) kwezempi, okwenza iGibhithe ibe ngowesibili ngobukhulu ukwamukela usizo lwezempi lwase-US ngemuva kuka-Israyeli.
Lokhu kukhulu kugeleze ngesikhathi sokubusa kukaHosni Mubarak futhi kuyaqhubeka nanamuhla, yize uSisi ahlukunyezwa kakhulu ngamalungelo abantu. Kulandela isibhicongo esesabekayo sonyaka ka-2014 eRabaa Square, uMongameli Obama imisiwe ukulethwa kwamathangi aseMelika, imicibisholo, izindiza zempi, nokuhlasela izindiza ezinophephela emhlane eGibhithe. Kodwa-ke, ngo-2015, yena waphenduka futhi waphakamisa izingalo, ebalula isidingo "sokubhekana nezinselelo ezabiwe ezithakazelweni zase-US naseGibhithe esifundeni esingazinzile." UMongameli uTrump udume ngokuthi uSisi “njengowakhe”umashiqela oyintandokazi, ”Kanye no kuncoma uSisi ngokwenza "umsebenzi omuhle." Ngo-Agasti ka-2017 abaphathi bakaTrump benza Imi AmaRandi ayizigidi ezingama- $ 96 futhi kwabambezeleka usizo lwezempi eGibhithe ngenxa yokwehluleka kwezwe ukunciphisa ukwephulwa kwamalungelo abantu, umthetho omusha uSisi owavuma ukuvimbela imisebenzi yezinhlangano ezingekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni, kanye nobudlelwano baseGibhithe neNorth Korea. Kepha lezi zenzo bezingenzima eGibhithe njengoba zibukeka zinjalo. Ngokuvumelana ne I-New York Times: "Ngokumisa kancane ukuhlinzekwa ngemali eyizigidi ezingama- $ 195, u-Trump waphephisa imali ekuphelelweni yisikhathi ngokuphelele ngoSepthemba 30. Ngale ndlela, iGibhithe ekugcineni ingathola imali uma irekhodi layo lamalungelo abantu lithuthuka." Ngempela, ukuxhaswa kamuva kwaba kamuva ikhishwe ngaphandle koshintsho kuzinqubomgomo zaseGibhithe.
Amanye amalungu eCongress azamile ukuthatha izinyathelo. Ngo-Okthoba 2020, abamele abangama-56 - ama-Democrats angama-55 noyedwa ozimele - bakhipha i-a Incwadi sinxusa uSisi ukuba adedele iziboshwa “eziboshwe ngokungafanele ngenxa yokusebenzisa amalungelo azo ayisisekelo.” Ucingo lwananelwa ngabangaphezu kuka-220 Izishayamthetho zaseYurophu. Ku-2014, iCongress yaqala ukusebenzisa iMithetho yeLeahy engxenyeni yemali yosizo eya eGibhithe. Umthetho uvimbela usizo lwezokuphepha lwase-US ophikweni lwezokuphepha lwangaphandle lapho kunemininingwane ethembekile yokuthi lolu phiko lwenze kabi amalungelo abantu.
NgoDisemba 2020, iCongress yenziwa $ 75 million (ingxenye encane yenani eliphelele lama- $ 1.3 billion) elinemibandela yokuthuthukiswa kwamalungelo abantu, ngaphandle kokuthi uMnyango Wezwe wase-US ukwazi ukuyekelela imibandela ngokucaphuna izintshisekelo zokuphepha kwezwe lase-US.
Ngokungafani noTrump, uJoe Biden ubemgxeka kakhulu uSisi. Ephawula ngokukhishwa kwesitshudeni sase-Egypt-American sobudokotela, uBidid owayengungqongqoshe ngaleso sikhathi wabhala ku Twitter: “Ekugcineni uMohamed Amasha usekhaya, ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-486 esejele laseGibhithe, ngenxa yokuphakamisa isibhengezo sokubhikisha. Ukuboshwa, ukuhlukunyezwa, nokudingiswa kwezishoshovu ezinjengoSarah Hegazy noMohamed Soltan noma ukusongela imindeni yazo akwamukelekile. Akusekho amasheke angenalutho omashiqela oyintandokazi kaTrump. ”
Kungekudala ngemuva kokuthi kubonakale ukuthi iBiden inqobile ukhetho lwango-2020 e-US, iGibhithe laqala ukukhulula iziboshwa ezithile zezepolitiki, okubala abaqondisi abathathu be-Egyptian Initiative for Rights Personal ehlonishwayo-uGasser Abdel-Razek, Kareem Ennarah noMohamed Basheer. NgoFebhuwari 6, 2021, bona ikhishwe Intatheli ye-Al Jazeera uMahmoud Hussein, owayesejele kusukela ngoDisemba 2016 "ngokushicilela imininingwane engamanga nokuba seqenjini elalivinjelwe." Ngemuva kokuboshwa kukaHussein, uSisi wavala i-Al Jazeera nezinye izitolo ezazigxeka umbuso wakhe. Izintatheli Ngaphandle Kwemingcele zikhona esibizwa IGibhithe ngomunye wabaphathi bezintatheli abakhulu nababi kakhulu emhlabeni.
Impela uMengameli u-al-Sisi unovalo lokuthi izinsuku zakhe zokukhululeka ekwenzeni ukwephulwa kwamalungelo abantu seziphelile manje njengoba uTrump engasasebenzi. Kungakho elulangazelela kakhulu usizo lukaBrownstein Hyatt Farber Schreck ukuze acwebe isithombe sakhe futhi agcine usizo lwezempi lwase-US lugeleza. Kepha abaphathi beBiden kanye neCongress akumele baphazanyiswe ukukhululwa kweGibithe iziboshwa ezimbalwa ezikhethiwe noma imizamo yokunxenxa abasebenzi baseBrownstein abakhokhelwa kahle njengomphathi wezisebenzi zikaPelosi owayengumphathi wangaphambili uNadeam Elshami. Kufanele babeke “imali yokukhokha” kusheke elixhaswe ngabakhokhi bentela laseMelika elenze uSisi wakwazi ukusebenza ngaphandle kokujeziswa.
UMedea uBenjamin uhlanganisa CODEPINK for Ukuthula, nombhali wezincwadi eziningana, kufaka phakathi Ngaphakathi kwe-Iran: Umlando Weqiniso Nezombangazwe YeRiphabhulikhi Yase-Islamic yase-Iran. Ngo-2014 wayekhona waboshwa esikhumulweni sezindiza eCairo, bashaywa futhi badingiswa.
U-Ariel Gold ungumqondisi obambisene kuzwelonke kanye noMhlaziyi Wezinqubomgomo ze-Senior Middle East no CODEPINK for Ukuthula.
