UBiden Kumelwe Acishe Ama-B-52s Amabhomu Ase-Afghan Cities

NguMedea Benjamin noNicolas JS Davies

Nine Izinhloko-dolobha zezifundazwe e-Afghanistan seziwele kumaTaliban ezinsukwini eziyisithupha - iZaranj, Sheberghan, Sar-e-Pul, Kunduz, Taloqan, Aybak, Farah, Pul-e-Khumri naseFaizabad - ngenkathi ukulwa kusaqhubeka kwezinye ezine - iLashkargah, Kandahar, IHerat neMazar-i-Sharif. Izikhulu zamasosha aseMelika manje zikholelwa ukuthi iKabul, inhlokodolobha yase-Afghanistan, ingangena inyanga eyodwa kuya kwezintathu.

Kuyethusa ukubuka ukufa, ukubhujiswa kanye nokususwa kwenqwaba yezinkulungwane zabantu base-Afghanistan abethukile kanye nokunqoba kukaTaliban owayenenhlonipho eyabusa isizwe eminyakeni engama-20 eyedlule. Kepha ukuwa kukahulumeni ophakathi nendawo, okhohlakele oxhaswe yimibuso yaseNtshonalanga bekungenakugwemeka, noma ngabe kulo nyaka, ngonyaka ozayo noma eminyakeni eyishumi kusukela manje.

UMongameli Biden usabele ekuhlazisweni kweMelika eqhweni emangcwabeni emibuso ngokuphinda athumele isithunywa saseMelika uZalmay Khalilzad eDoha ukuyonxusa uhulumeni namaTaliban ukuthi bafune isisombululo kwezepolitiki, ngesikhathi esifanayo bethumela Amabhomu eB-52 ukuhlasela okungenani izihloko-dolobha ezimbili zezifundazwe.

In I-Lashkargah, inhlokodolobha yesifundazwe saseHelmand, ukuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu e-US sekuvele ukuthi sekucekele phansi isikole samabanga aphezulu kanye nomtholampilo wezempilo. Elinye ibhomu iB-52 USheberghan, inhlokodolobha yesifundazwe iJowzjan kanye nekhaya le induna yempi edumile futhi wabekwa icala isigebengu sempi U-Abdul Rashid Dostum, manje ongu- umphathi wamasosha wezempi kahulumeni osekelwa yiMelika.

Okwamanje, i New York Times kubika ukuthi i-US Vuna ama-drones futhi Izibhamu ze-AC-130 zisasebenza nase-Afghanistan.

Ukuhlakazeka okusheshayo kwamabutho ase-Afghan i-US kanye nabalingani bayo baseNtshonalanga abayiqoqile, bahlomile futhi baqeqeshwa iminyaka engama-20 izindleko cishe amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-90 akufanele kusimangaze. Ephepheni, i-Afghan National Army ine Amasosha e-180,000, kodwa empeleni iningi labantu base-Afghani abangasebenzi lifisa ukuthola imali yokondla imindeni yabo kepha alizimisele ukulwa nabantu base-Afghani. Ibutho lase-Afghan nalo notified ngenxa yenkohlakalo nokungaphathwa kahle kwayo.

Umbutho wamaphoyisa kanye namaphoyisa akhathazeke kakhulu futhi asengozini yokuthi abantu abahlukane nezindawo zokuhlola nezindawo zokuhlola ezweni lonke bakhathazwe ukulimala okuphezulu, inani elisheshayo kanye nokushiya. Amabutho amaningi azizwa akukho ukwethembeka kuhulumeni okhohlakele osekelwa yi-US futhi ujwayele ukushiya okuthunyelwe, kungaba ukujoyina amaTaliban noma ukubuyela ekhaya.

Ngenkathi i-BBC ibuza uGeneral Khoshal Sadat, umphathi wamaphoyisa kuzwelonke, ngomthelela wokulimala okuphezulu ekuqashwa kwamaphoyisa ngoFebhuwari 2020, waphendula ngokuthuka, “Uma ubheka ukuqashwa, ngihlala ngicabanga ngemindeni yase-Afghanistan nokuthi banezingane ezingaki. Okuhle ukuthi akusoze kwashoda abesilisa abaseminyakeni yokuzalwa abazokwazi ukujoyina lo mbutho. ”

Kodwa a kuqashwa amaphoyisa endaweni okuseshwa kuyo yabuza yona kanye le mpi, itshela uNanna Muus Steffensen we-BBC ukuthi, “SingamaSulumane sonke singabazalwane. Asinankinga nomunye nomunye. ” Uma kunjalo, wambuza ukuthi, kungani balwa? Wanqikaza, wahleka ngokwesaba wanikina ikhanda eshiya umsebenzi. “Uyazi ukuthi kungani. Ngiyazi ukuthi kungani, ”kusho yena. “Akunjalo impela yethu silwe. ”

Kusukela ngo-2007, ubucwebe bemishini yokuqeqeshwa kwezempi yase-US neyaseNtshonalanga e-Afghanistan kube yi-Afghan ICommando Corps noma amabutho akhethekile okusebenza, aqukethe kuphela u-7% wamasosha e-Afghan National Army kepha kubikwa ukuthi enza ama-70 kuya ku-80% empi. Kepha amaCommandos azabalaze ukufinyelela ezinhlosweni zawo zokuqasha, ukuhlomisa nokuqeqesha amasosha angama-30,000, nokuqashwa okungafanele okuvela ePastuns, okuyisizwe esikhulu kunazo zonke futhi ngokwesiko esidlangile ngokwesiko, kube wubuthakathaka obubucayi, ikakhulukazi obuqhamuka enkabeni yePastun eningizimu.

Ama-Commandos kanye nochwepheshe izikhulu zamaphoyisa we-Afghan National Army ubuswa amaTajiks ezinhlanga, ngempumelelo abalandela iNyakatho Alliance eyasekelwa yi-US ngokumelene namaTaliban eminyakeni engama-20 eyedlule. Kusukela ngo-2017, ama-Commandos abalwa kuphela 16,000 kuya 21,000, futhi akucaci ukuthi mangaki kulawa mabutho aseNtshonalanga aqeqeshwe manje asebenza njengendawo yokugcina yezokuvikela phakathi kukahulumeni wonodoli osekelwa yi-US kanye nokwehlulwa ngokuphelele.

Ukuhlala kweTaliban ngejubane futhi ngasikhathi sinye ezindaweni eziningi ezweni lonke kubukeka kuyisu lamabomu lokuqeda amandla nokukhipha isibalo esincane sikahulumeni samabutho aqeqeshwe kahle, ahlome kahle. AmaTaliban abe nempumelelo eningi ekutholeni ukwethembeka kwabambalwa eNyakatho naseNtshonalanga kunalokho amabutho kahulumeni abeqashe amaPastuns avela eNingizimu, futhi inani elincane likahulumeni lamasosha aqeqeshwe kahle alikwazi ukuba kuyo yonke indawo ngasikhathi sinye.

Kodwa kuthiwani nge-United States? Ukuthunyelwa kwayo Amabhomu eB-52, Vuna ama-drones futhi Izibhamu ze-AC-130 kuyimpendulo enesihluku ngamandla ombuso ahlulekayo, ahlaselayo ekunqotshweni okungokomlando, nehlazo.

Izwe laseMelika alinqeni ukubulala abantu abaningi ezitheni zalo. Bheka nje ukubhujiswa okuholwa yi-US kwe- Fallujah futhi Mosul e-Iraq, futhi Raqqa eSyria. Bangaki abaseMelika abaze bazi ngalabo abagunyazwe ngokusemthethweni ukubulawa kwabantu abaningi ukuthi amabutho ase-Iraq azibophezela ngenkathi umfelandawonye oholwa yi-US ekugcineni ulawula iMosul ngo-2017, ngemuva kokuthi uMongameli uTrump ethe kufanele “Khipha imindeni” yamaSulumane State Islamic?

Ngemuva kweminyaka engama-XNUMX uBush, uCheney noRumsfeld benze uhla oluphelele lwamacala ezempi, kusuka ekuhlukunyezweni nase ukubulala ngamabomu wezakhamizi ukuya “ebulelesi obuphakeme bamazwe omhlaba” kwe ukuhlukunyezwa, Ngokusobala uBiden akasakhathazeki kakhulu kunalokho ababenakho mayelana nokuphendula ngobugebengu noma ukwahlulelwa komlando. Kepha ngisho nasendaweni yokubuka enengqondo kakhulu futhi engenamusa, yini engaqhubeka nokuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu kwamabhanoyi emadolobheni ase-Afghanistan, ngaphandle komvuthwandaba wokugcina kodwa oyize ekubulaweni kwabantu base-Afghanistan kweminyaka engama-20 ngu phezu 80,000 Amabhomu aseMelika nemicibisholo?

The ngokuhlakanipha futhi osomabhizinisi abaphelelwe yimali ngamasosha ase-US kanye ne-CIA banomlando wokuzihalalisela ngokunqoba okwedlula, okungenasisekelo. Ngokushesha yamemezela ukunqoba e-Afghanistan ngo-2001 futhi yaqala ukuphinda ukunqoba kwayo okucatshangelwe e-Iraq. Ngemuva kwalokho impumelelo yesikhashana yomsebenzi wabo wenguquko ka-2011 eLibya yakhuthaza i-United States kanye nabalingani bayo ukuba baphenduke I-Al Qaeda ikhululekile eSyria, idala iminyaka eyishumi yobudlova obungalawuleki nezinxushunxushu kanye nokuphakama koMbuso WamaSulumane.

Ngendlela efanayo, uBiden akaziwa futhi khohlakele abeluleki bezokuphepha kuzwelonke kubukeka sengathi bayamnxusa ukuba asebenzise izikhali ezifanayo ezaqeda izizinda zasemadolobheni oMbuso WamaSulumane e-Iraq naseSyria ukuhlasela amadolobha aphethwe amaTaliban e-Afghanistan.

Kepha i-Afghanistan akuyona i-Iraq noma iSyria. I-26% kuphela kwabase-Afghani bahlala emadolobheni, uma kuqhathaniswa no-71% ​​wase-Iraq no-54% eSyria, kanti isizinda samaTaliban asikho emadolobheni kodwa sisezindaweni zasemakhaya lapho kuhlala khona ezinye izingxenye ezintathu zabantu base-Afghani. Yize besekelwa yiPakistan kule minyaka edlule, amaTaliban awasiwo amabutho ahlaselayo njengoMbuso WamaSulumane e-Iraq kepha yinhlangano yobuzwe yase-Afghanistan eselwe iminyaka engama-20 ukuxosha amabutho angaphandle nokuhlasela ezweni lawo.

Ezindaweni eziningi, amabutho kahulumeni wase-Afghanistan awazange abaleke kumaTaliban, njengoba kwenza uMbutho wase-Iraq eMbusweni WamaSulumane, kodwa wawajoyina. Ngo-Agasti 9th, amaTaliban kuhlala u-Aybak, inhlokodolobha yesithupha ukuwa, ngemuva kokuthi umphathi wamasosha wendawo nabasosha bakhe abangama-250 bevumelene ngokujoyina amaTaliban futhi umbusi wesifundazwe iSamangan wanikela idolobha kubo.

Ngalo lolo suku, umxoxisi omkhulu kahulumeni wase-Afghanistan, u-Abdullah Abdullah, ibuyele eDoha ukuthola ezinye izingxoxo zokuthula namaTaliban. Abalingani bakhe baseMelika kumele bakwenze kucace kuye nakuhulumeni wakhe, nakumaTaliban, ukuthi i-United States izokweseka ngokuphelele yonke imizamo yokuthola ushintsho lwezepolitiki olunokuthula.

Kepha i-United States akumele iqhubeke nokuqhuma ngamabhomu nokubulala abantu base-Afghanistan ukuhlinzekela uhulumeni wonodoli osekelwa yi-US ukugwema ukuyekethisa okunzima kepha okudingekayo etafuleni lezingxoxo ukuletha ukuthula kubantu ababekezela kakhulu, abakhathele yimpi base-Afghanistan. Ukuqhumisa ngamabhomu amadolobha aphethwe amaTaliban nabantu abahlala kuwo kuyinqubomgomo enobudlova nobugebengu uMongameli Biden okufanele ayilahle.

Ukwehlulwa kwe-United States kanye nabalingani bayo e-Afghanistan manje kubonakala kuqhubeka ngokushesha okukhulu kunokuwa kwe South Vietnam phakathi kuka-1973 no-1975. Ukususwa komphakathi ekunqotshweni kwe-US e-Southeast Asia kwaba "yi-Vietnam syndrome," ukuphikisana nokungenelela kwamasosha aphesheya okwaqhubeka amashumi eminyaka.

Njengoba sisondela esikhumbuzweni seminyaka engama-20 sokuhlaselwa kuka-9/11, kufanele sibheke ukuthi abaphathi bakaBush bakuxhaphaza kanjani ukoma komphakathi wase-US ukuziphindiselela ukuze bavule le mpi yeminyaka engama-20 egazini, ebuhlungu futhi engenamsebenzi.

Isifundo sokuhlangenwe nakho kweMelika e-Afghanistan kufanele kube “yisifo se-Afghanistan” esisha, ukuphikisana nomphakathi empini okuvimbela ukuhlaselwa kwamasosha aseMelika esikhathini esizayo kanye nokuhlaselwa, kunqabe imizamo yokuthuthukisa ohulumeni bezinye izizwe emphakathini futhi kuholele ekuzibophezeleni okusha nokusebenzayo kwaseMelika ukuthula, ukuxoxisana kanye nokulwa nezikhali.

UMedea uBenjamin uhlanganisa CODEPINK for Ukuthula, nombhali wezincwadi eziningana, kufaka phakathi Ngaphakathi kwe-Iran: Umlando Weqiniso Nezombangazwe YeRiphabhulikhi Yase-Islamic yase-Iran.

UNicolas JS Davies yintatheli ezimele, umcwaningi we-CODEPINK kanye nomlobi we Igazi Ngezandla Zethu: Ukuhlasela KweMelika nokubhujiswa kwe-Iraq.