Inganekwane: Impi Inenzuzo

Mhlawumbe ukuzivikela okuvame kakhulu kwezimpi ukuthi kuyizinto ezimbi ezidingekayo. Leyo nganekwane ikhonjwe ekhasini layo lapha.

Kodwa izimpi nazo zivikelwa njengendlela ezuzisayo ngandlela-thile. Iqiniso liwukuthi izimpi azizuzisi abantu lapho zihlaselwa khona, futhi azizuzisi izizwe ezithumela amabutho abo emaphandleni angaphandle ukulwa izimpi. Futhi izimpi zingasiza ekusekeleni ukulawulwa komthetho - impela impela. Imiphumela emihle ebangelwa izimpi idlula kakhulu ngokubi futhi ingahle ifinyelelwe ngaphandle kwempi.

Amavoti ase-United States ngokusebenzisa impi ye-2003-2011 e-Iraq athola ukuthi iningi labantu base-United States bakholelwa ukuthi i-Iraqis yayingcono ngenxa yempi eyonakaliswa kakhulu - ngisho wabhubhisa - i-Iraq [1]. Iningi labantu base-Iraq, babecabanga ukuthi babebi kakhulu. [2] Iningi e-United States lakholelwa ukuthi i-Iraqis yayibonga. [3] Lokhu kungavumelani namaqiniso, hhayi imibono. Kodwa abantu bavame ukhethe ukuthi yiziphi amaqiniso okufanele azi noma azamukele. Abakholwayo abanamathela ezindabeni ze-Iraq "izikhali zokubhujiswa okukhulu" babevame ukukholelwa Okuningi, hhayi ngaphansi, ngokuqinile lapho kuboniswa amaqiniso. I amaqiniso nge-Iraq azijabulisi, kodwa zibalulekile.

Impi Ayizuzi Izisulu Zaso

Ukukholelwa ukuthi abantu abahlala lapho uhulumeni wesizwe sakho elwa khona impi kungcono, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukuphikisana kwabantu ukuthi kukhona okubi kakhulu, kubonisa ukuziqhenya ngokweqile - ukuziqhenya ukuthi ezimweni eziningi kuye kwaxhomeke ngokucacile ekuxhaseni okuhlukahlukene noma okunye: ubuhlanga, inkolo, ulimi, isiko, noma ukucwaswa kwabantu jikelele. I-poll yabantu base-United States nanoma yisiphi isizwe esithintekayo ekubambeni i-Iraq cishe sithole ukuthi ukuphikisana nomqondo wesizwe sabo kubanjwe amandla angaphandle, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kunenhloso enhle kangakanani. Lokhu kunjalo, umqondo wempi yokusiza ukuphula umthetho obaluleke kunawo wonke wokuziphatha, umthetho wegolide odinga ukunikeza abanye inhlonipho efanayo oyifunayo. Futhi lokhu kuyiqiniso ukuthi ukulungiswa kosizo lwempi kuyisikhathi esilandelayo uma ezinye izizathu ezizwakalayo ziye zawa noma isintu sasiyisizathu sokuqala sokuqala.

Kukhona nephutha eliyisisekelo lokucabanga ukuthi impi entsha kungenzeka ilethe izinzuzo esizweni lapho yenziwa khona, uma kubhekwa irekhodi elibi lezimpi zonke ezake zenzeka ngaphambilini. Izazi zombili i-anti-war Carnegie Endowment for Peace kanye ne-pro-war RAND Corporation zithole ukuthi izimpi ezibhekiswe ekwakheni isizwe zinezinga eliphansi kakhulu lokungabi bikho ekuphumeni kwentando yeningi ezinzile. Noma kunjalo isilingo sikhuphuka njenge-zombie ukukukholelwa lokho Iraq or Libya or Syria or Iran ekugcineni kuyoba indawo lapho impi idala khona.

Abagqugquzeli bempi yokusiza bangabe bethembekile uma bebheka ukuthi okuhle okufezwe yimpi futhi balinganisa nomonakalo owenziwe. Esikhundleni salokho, okuhle okuvamile-okungahle kube khona okuthandwayo kubhekwa njengokwethembeka ngokuphelele noma iyiphi i-tradeoff. I-US ayizange ibone ukuthi i-Iraq ifile. UMkhandlu wezokuPhepha we-UN udinge ukuthi umbiko we-UN onogada wamalungelo omuntu abike ngamaLibya abulawa yi-NATO kuphela ngesikhathi sokuvala.

Abakholwayo empini yobuntu bavame ukuhlukanisa ukuhlukunyezwa kwempi. Ukudemokelwa kwangaphambili kwempi yabakhohlisi (ngokuvamile abakhohlisi abaye baxhaswa ngokukhululekile ngabakuhlaseli babo bekungaba amashumi eminyaka ngaphambili) bavame ukuphinda inkulumo ethi "wabulala abantu bakhe" (kodwa ungabuzi ukuthi ubani othengise izikhali noma wanikeza imibono ye-satellite) . Okushiwo ukuthi ukubulala "abantu bakubo" kubi kakhulu kakhulu kunokubulala abanye abantu. Kodwa uma inkinga esifuna ukuyibulala ukubulala abantu abaningi, impi nokubulawa kwabantu kuyizihlobo zakithi futhi akukho okubi kakhulu kunempi engayisetshenziswa impi ukuvimbela-ngisho noma kunjalo ukuthi impi yayikuvimbela, kunokuba ifake, uhlanga.

Izimpi ezilwa namazwe acebile zilwa nabampofu zivame ukuba ngababulali bohlangothi olulodwa; okuphambene impela nokuzivocavoca okunenzuzo, okusiza abantu, noma ukusiza abanye. Ngombono ojwayelekile wasenganekwaneni, izimpi zilwelwa “enkundleni yempi” - umqondo ophakamisa umncintiswano onjengemidlalo phakathi kwamabutho amabili ngaphandle kwempilo yomphakathi. Ngokuphambene nalokho, izimpi zilwiwa emadolobheni nasemakhaya abantu. Lezi zimpi zingenye yeziningi kakhulu ukuziphatha okubi izenzo ezicatshangelwayo, ezisiza ukuchaza ukuthi kungani ohulumeni ababaqambayo beqamba ngamanga kubantu babo.

Lezi zimpi zishiya umonakalo ohlala njalo ngendlela yokuphuza inzondo nodlame, futhi ngesimo se-a imvelo yemvelo enobuthi. Ukukholelwa emathubeni okusiza empini kungazanyazanyiswa ngokubhekisisa imiphumela yesikhashana neyesikhathi sanoma iyiphi impi. Impi ivame ukushiya ngemuva kwengozi, hhayi ukuphepha - ngokungafani nerekhodi eliphumelele kakhulu lokunyakaza okungenabudlova koshintsho olukhulu. Impi namalungiselelo empi kususe bonke abantu bakaDiego Garcia; kweThule, eGreenland; kokuningi kweVique, ePuerto Rico; naseziQhingini ezahlukahlukene zasePacific ezinePagan Island ngokulandelayo ohlwini olusengozini. Okunye okusongelwa yidolobhana elisesiQhingini iJeju, eSouth Korea, lapho i-US Navy yakhe khona isisekelo esisha. Labo abake baphila phansi-umoya noma phansi-ukusukela ekuhlolweni kwezikhali kaningi bebengcono kangcono kunalabo abakhonjwe ukusetshenziswa kwezikhali.

Ukuphulwa kwamalungelo abantu kungatholakala njalo kunezizwe ezinye izizwe ezifisa ukuqhuma, njengoba nje zitholakala ezizweni abacindezeli babo abaxhaswa ngemali futhi baqhutshelwa yibo abahlukumezi abafanayo, futhi njengoba nje kungatholakala kulabo baqhawe izizwe ngokwabo. Kodwa kunezinkinga ezimbili ezinkulu zokushaya ibhomu ngesizwe ukukhulisa inhlonipho yawo ngamalungelo abantu. Okokuqala, kuvame ukusebenza. Okwesibili, ilungelo lokungabulawa noma lokulimala noma lokuhlukunyezwa yimpi kufanele libhekwe njengelungelo lomuntu elifanelwe ukuhlonishwa. Kanti, isheke lokuzenzisa liwusizo: Bangaki abantu abangathanda ukuthi idolobha labo libhebhethelwe egameni lokukhulisa amalungelo abantu?

Izimpi kanye nempi kanye nezinye izinqubo eziyingozi zingabangela izinkinga ezingase zithole usizo olungaphandle, kungaba ngesimo sabasebenzi bokuthula abangenalutho kanye nezihlangu zabantu noma ngendlela yamaphoyisa. Kodwa ukuphikisa ukuphikisana lokho Rwanda bebedinga amaphoyisa ukuba aphikisane ngokuthi iRwanda kufanele ihlaselwe ibhomu, noma ukuthi esinye isizwe kufanele siphoselwe ibhomu, kungukuhlanekezela okukhulu.

Ngokuphambene nemibono ethile yenkolelo, ukuhlupheka akuzange kuncishiswe ezimpi zamuva. Impi ayikwazi ukuthuthukiswa noma ihlanzwe. Akukho ukuziphatha okuhle kwempi okugwema ukuletha ubuhlungu obukhulu nokungadingekile. Asikho isiqinisekiso sokuthi noma iyiphi impi ingalawulwa noma iphelile uma iqalile. Umonakalo ngokuvamile uhlala isikhathi eside kunempi. Izimpi azipheli ngokunqoba, okungenakukwazi ngisho nokuchazwa.

Impi Ayifuni Ukuzinza

Impi ingacatshangwa njengethuluzi lokuphoqelela ukubusa komthetho, kufaka phakathi imithetho elwa nempi, kuphela ngokungazinaki ubuzenzisi kanye nomlando womlando wokuhluleka. Empeleni impi iphula imithetho eyisisekelo yomthetho futhi ikhuthaza ukwephula kwabo okuqhubekayo. Ubukhosi bamazwe kanye nesidingo sokuthi ukuphothula umbuso kuqhutshwe ngaphandle kobudlova bewela ngaphambi kwesando sompi. I-Kellogg-Briand Pact, i-Charter ye-UN, nemithetho yasekhaya yokubulala kanye nesinqumo sokuya empini iphulwa lapho izimpi ziqaliswa futhi zikhula futhi ziqhubeka. Ukuphulukisa leyo mithetho ukuze "iphoqelele" (ngaphandle kokushushisa) umthetho ovinjelwa uhlobo oluthile lwezikhali, isibonelo, alenzi izizwe noma amaqembu amathuba okugcina umthetho. Lokhu yingxenye yokuthi kungani impi ukwehluleka okunjalo emsebenzini wokuhlinzeka ngokuphepha. Ukuhlela iqembu lezizwe, njenge-NATO, ukulwa ngokubambisana nempi akusho ukuthi impi ibe yinto engokomthetho noma inenzuzo; ivele isebenzise iqembu lobugebengu.

Impi ayizuzi abenzi bempi

Impi nemalungiselelo empi gxuma bese ubuthakathaka umnotho. Inganekwane yokuthi impi ikhuthaza isizwe esiyikhokhela, ngokungafani nokwenza inamba encane yabazuzi abanethonya, ayisekelwa ubufakazi.

Enye inganekwane ithi, ngisho noma impi ihlukumeza isizwe sokwenza impi, singakwazi ukuyihlobisa ngokwengeziwe ngokusiza ukuxhashazwa kwamanye amazwe. Isizwe esivela phambili sokulwa impi emhlabeni, i-United States, sinama-5% wabantu bomhlaba kodwa sidla ingxenye yesine kuya kwengxenye yemithombo ehlukahlukene yemvelo. Ngokwalokhu kuyinganekwane, impi kuphela engavumela ukuthi lokho kungalingani okubalulekile nokubaluleka okudingekayo kuqhubeke.

Kukhona isizathu sokuthi le mpikiswano ingavamile ukuchazwa yilabo abasemandleni futhi idlala indima encane empilweni yamanga. Kuyadabukisa, futhi abantu abaningi banamahloni ngakho. Uma impi ingeyona inzuzo kodwa inkohliso, ukuvuma ukuthi akunakulungele ukulwa nobugebengu. Amanye amaphuzu asiza ukwehlisa le mpikiswano:

• Ukusetshenziswa okukhulu nokubhujiswa akulona ngaso sonke isikhathi kufana nesilinganiso sokuphila esiphezulu.
• Izinzuzo zokuthula nokubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe ziyozizwa ngisho nalabo abafunda ukudla kancane.
• Izinzuzo zokukhiqizwa kwendawo kanye nokuphila okuqhubekayo azikwazi ukulinganisa.
• Ukusetshenziswa okunciphile kuyadingeka imvelo yomhlaba kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ubani odlayo.
• Enye yezindlela ezinkulu kunazo zonke izizwe ezicebile ezidla ngayo izinsiza ezibhubhisa kakhulu, ezifana namafutha, kungukuthi izimpi zihlasela kakhulu.
• Amandla aluhlaza kanye nengqalasizinda yayizodlula imibono yabo evelele kunazo zonke zommeli uma izimali ezibekwe imali empini zihanjiswe lapho.

Impi inikeza imisebenzi embalwa kunezinye izindlela zokusebenzisa noma ukukhipha intela, kodwa impi ingase ihlinzeke ngemisebenzi emihle futhi ekhangayo efundisa abantu abasha izifundo ezibalulekile, ukwakha uhlamvu, nokuqeqesha izakhamizi ezinhle. Eqinisweni, konke okuhle okutholakala ekuqeqeshweni kwempi nokubamba iqhaza kungadalwa ngaphandle kwempi. Futhi ukuqeqeshwa kwempi kuletha okuningi okungafani nokufisa. Ukulungiselela impi kufundisa kanye nemibandela yabantu yokuziphatha okuvame ukubhekwa njengesihluku esibi kakhulu emphakathini. Ibuye ifundise ukulalela ngokweqile kokulalela. Ngenkathi impi ingabandakanya isibindi nokuzidela, ukukhuluma ngalezi zinhloso ezingenasici kubeka isibonelo esibi ngempela. Uma isibindi nokuzinikela okungenangqondo kungcono, amaqhawe ezintuthwane ayenamandla kakhulu kunabantu.

Izikhangiso zidalwe izimpi zakamuva ngokusiza ekuthuthukiseni amasu okuhlinza ubuchopho asindise ukuphila ngaphandle kwezimpi. I-intanethi lapho le webhusayithi ikhona khona yasungulwa kakhulu yizempi yase-US. Kodwa lezi zinsimbi zesiliva zingase zikhanyise izinkanyezi uma zidalwa ngaphandle kwempi. Ukucwaninga nokuthuthukiswa kwakuzosebenza kahle futhi kuphendule futhi kuqondiswe ezindaweni eziwusizo uma zihlukanisiwe nempi.

Ngokufanayo, izinsizakalo zemihlomulo yokusiza zingasetshenziswa kangcono ngaphandle kwezempi. Umthwali wezindiza uyindlela ephakeme kakhulu futhi engenzi kahle yokuletha izinhlekelele. Ukusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi angalungile kuhlanganiswa nokungabaza okucacile kubantu abaqaphela ukuthi impi iye yasetshenziswa ngokuphindaphindiwe ngezinhlekelele njengesihloko sokuthi izimpi zikhuphuke noma ukubeka indawo engapheli endaweni.

Izizathu Zabadali BaloMpi Azihloniphi

Izimpi zithengiswa njengabantu abasebenzisa abantu, ngoba abantu abaningi, kuhlanganise nabasebenzi abaningi bakahulumeni kanye nezempi, banenhloso enhle. Kodwa labo abakhulu ekunqumeni ukulwa impi cishe ngeke. Uma kwenzeka ngemuva kokubekwa icala, kunezinhloso ezingaphansi kwezizathu ezivulekile.

"Yonke into efuna ukubeka umbuso, iyichaza kabanzi ukuthi inqoba umhlaba ukuletha ukuthula, ukulondeka nenkululeko, futhi idela amadodana akhe kuphela ngezinjongo ezihloniphekile nezinsiza. Leyo amanga, futhi amanga asendulo, kodwa izizukulwane zisakhula futhi zikholelwe. "- UHenry David Thoreau

Imibhalo yaphansi:

1. Ukuvota kokugcina okunjalo kungenzeka kwaba yiGallup ngo-Agasti 2010.
2.I-Zogby, Disemba 20, 2011.
3. Ukuvota kokugcina okunjalo kungenzeka kwaba yi-CBS News ngo-Agasti 2010.