nguDavid Swanson, Julayi 3, 2018.
Isisi esikhalisa unyembezi siphakathi kwezinkinga ezincane ezibhekene nalabo abanendaba nokubulawa nokucekelwa phansi kwempi. Kodwa kuyisici esikhulu ekulweni namaphoyisa endawo. Eqinisweni, kubhekwa kabanzi ezingekho emthethweni empini, kodwa okusemthethweni kokungeyona impi (yize yimuphi umthetho obhaliwe odala leyo mbobo engacacile).
Njengokuqhumisa abantu ngemicibisholo evela kuma-drones, ukudubula abantu ngokuba ngabasePalestine, ukuvalela abantu emakhejini amashumi eminyaka ngaphandle kwecala noma icala ekhoneni elintshontshiwe laseCuba, noma ukugcwalisa abantu ngama-tasers ngokuba yi-African American, ukuba semthethweni kokudubula isisi esikhalisa izinyembezi noma insangu. noma i-pepper spray kubantu - kungakhathalekile ukuthi iyabalimaza noma iyababulala, njengoba kuvame ukwenza - kukholakala abaningi ukuthi babambelele ekutheni isenzo besiyingxenye yempi noma cha.
Umehluko uyinqaba ngezindlela eziningi. Okokuqala, azikho izimpi zamanje ngokwazo ezisemthethweni. Ngakho-ke ukubulawa kwabantu ngama-drone akumele kube semthethweni uma kuthiwa kuyingxenye yempi.
Okwesibili, amasosha ombuso alwa ngokusobala nohulumeni, amaqembu angekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni, izigaba zabantu abangenangqondo, ngisho namaqhinga noma imizwelo (ubuphekula, ukwesaba). Lapho uhulumeni elwa nabantu abakude, njengohulumeni wase-US e-Afghanistan, Iraq, Pakistan, Syria, Yemen, njll., kwenqatshelwe ukusebenzisa isisi esikhalisa izinyembezi (ngisho noma usebenzisa i-napalm, i-phosphorous emhlophe, kanye nezikhali eziyingozi kakhulu. akuwona amakhemikhali). Kepha lapho lo hulumeni ulwa nabantu abathi bangowabo (ukuthumela amasosha eNational Guard kuzo zombili izimpi zakwamanye amazwe naseNew Orleans, Ferguson, Baltimore, njll. Amasosha akwa-Israel) kuthiwa kuvunyelwe ukusebenzisa izikhali ezimbi kakhulu ukuthi zingasetshenziswa phesheya.
Okwesithathu, uhulumeni wase-US noma kunjalo uvunyelwe - noma okungenani wenza njalo - ukumaketha futhi adayise futhi akhiqize futhi alethe lezo zikhali ukuze zisetshenziswe ohulumeni bomhlaba abanonya kakhulu ngokumelene nabantu abathi bangabo.
Okwesine, lapho amasosha ase-US ethatha umhlaba wabanye abantu amashumi eminyaka njengase-Afghanistan, umhlaba ukhombisa ukukhathazeka okuncane (futhi "uphenyo" lwe-International Criminal Court "aluyi ndawo) lapho amaphoyisa omhlaba ebulala ngezikhali ezamukelekayo, kodwa isisi esikhalisa unyembezi sihlala siyisikhali esingamukeleki. ukuze zisetshenziswe empini. Kodwa-ke, lo msebenzi kancane kancane ulahlekelwa yigama lempi, futhi amasosha manje abonakala enesisi esikhalisa unyembezi eningi kangangokuthi asisebenzisa. ngokwabo.
Sekuyisikhathi eside ngiphikisa ukusebenzisa igama elithi "impi" kwezinye izinto ngaphandle kwempi. Angifuni impi ngomdlavuza ngenxa yezizathu eziningi, okuhlanganisa isidingo sokugxila ekuvimbeleni, isidingo sokulahlekelwa imikhuba yokucabanga efana nempi, nesidingo sokugcina igama elithi impi ukuze kubhekiselwe kulo, uyazi, impi - ngezizathu zokuziphatha, ezingokoqobo, nezomthetho. Ukuvinjelwa kwempi emthethweni wamazwe omhlaba, osekuvele kushaywe indiva, kuzophinde kwenziwe buthaka ngokwandisa lokho okubalulekile njengempi. Ngakho-ke, angifuni ukufanisa iFerguson ne-Iraq. Futhi angifuni ukwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukuqedwa kwempi okudingekayo ngokuvimbela abantu ekuboneni ukuthi impi iyini. Kodwa-ke ngimelene nezimpi ezingapheli, namaphoyisa asekhaya abelana ngezikhali, ukuqeqeshwa, kanye nomsebenzi nezimpi.
Ngakho, nakhu engikuphakamisayo.
- Ukungabi semthethweni kwempi ngaphansi kwe-UN Charter kanye ne-Kellogg-Briand Pact kuzoqashelwa.
- Izindinganiso ezingokomthetho zezenzo ezimbi kakhulu ukuba zingalwa ziqondwa njengezisebenza emhlabeni wonke kuyo yonke imizamo yabantu. Eqinisweni, akukho lutho ku-Chemical Weapons Convention noma ezinye izivumelwano ezisho okuhlukile.
- Lezo zindinganiso kufanele zinwetshwe kancane kancane ukuze zihlanganise ububi obengeziwe.
Ngokuyeka umehluko "wesikhathi sempi" ngokumelene "nesikhathi sokuthula", ngale ndlela, singalahlekelwa umbono wokuthi ngandlela-thile sibe yingxenye eyodwa futhi sihlukanise enye inkambu yokufa njenge-Guantanamo ibalekela imingcele engokomthetho yakho kokubili. Ngokwenza yonke indawo kube “isikhathi sokuthula” kunokuthi “isikhathi sempi,” futhi siphathe impi njengobugebengu obukhulu kunabo bonke, ngeke sinikeze ohulumeni amandla akhethekile ngesikhathi sempi, kodwa kunalokho sibaphuca lawo ngokuhle.
Okwamanje kuphela izinhlobo ezithile zezikhali zamakhemikhali ezithathwa njengezinhle kuphela ezingeyona impi. Ezinye izikhali zamakhemikhali sezibhekwa njengezimbi kakhulu ukuthi zingasetshenziswa. Eqinisweni, izinhlobo ezithile zezikhali zamakhemikhali zithathwa njengezimbi kangangokuthi izinsolo ezingenabufakazi nezingafakazeki zokusetshenziswa kwazo noma ukutholakala kwazo yiqembu elingalungile kuthathwa njengesizathu sempi ebulala kakhulu futhi ecekela phansi kakhulu engeyona eyamakhemikhali. Ngokwengxenye lokhu kuyinkinga yezindinganiso eziphindwe kabili zamakholoni, njengoba ezinye izizwe zingaqhubeka nokuba nezikhali ezifanayo. Kodwa ngokwengxenye kuwumehluko phakathi kwezikhali zamakhemikhali ezinhle nezimbi. Nakuba ezinye izikhali zamakhemikhali empeleni ziyingozi kakhulu kunezinye, baningi abantu ababulawa isisi esikhalisa unyembezi kunalabo ababulawa endaweni okuthiwa ukuhlasela kwamakhemikhali aseRussia eNgilandi uNdunankulu waseBrithani akuchaza ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka “njengokusetshenziswa kwempi ngokungemthetho ngokumelene ne-United Kingdom. .” Umehluko ongokomthetho phakathi kwezikhali zamakhemikhali ezinhle nezimbi kufanele uphele.
Sathengiswa ngempi ye-drone e-Yemen njengoba kungcono kunempi engeyona eye-drone, okuyinto okwaholela kuyo. Isisi esikhalisa unyembezi sivamise ukudayiselwa thina njengokuncono kunababhikishi abadubula ngezinhlamvu. Ukukhetha okungcono kweYemen bekungeke kube yimpi nhlobo. Inketho engcono yababhikishi ayibadubuli lutho, kunalokho ukuhlala phansi ufunde Isichibiyelo Sokuqala Somthethosisekelo wase-US, bese uhlala nabo ukuze uzwe izikhalo zabo. Izibhelu zamaphoyisa esisi esikhalisa unyembezi, noma "ukulawula udweshu" okuvamise ukuba yizibhelu njengokuthi "ukulwa nobuphekula" kuwubuphekula, ngokuvamile kubandakanya nezinye izikhali eziningi.
I-War Resisters League ihlinzeka Imininingwane ngesisi esikhalisa unyembezi ku-a iwebhusayithi. Futhi ngincoma incwadi entsha engisanda kuyifunda: I-Tear Gas: Kusukela Ezinkundleni Zempi YeMpi Yezwe I kuya Ezitaladini Zanamuhla ngu-Anna Feigenbaum. Njengoba i-Feigenbaum iphawula, ukusetshenziswa kwesisi esikhalisa unyembezi kuye kwanda kakhulu, kweqa ngo-2011 lapho sisetshenziswa kakhulu e-Bahrain, Egypt, United States, nakwezinye izindawo. Abantu baye babulawa, balahlekelwa izitho zomzimba, balahlekelwa amehlo, balimala ebuchosheni, bashiswa okwesithathu, baba nezinkinga zokuphefumula, baphuphunyelwa yizisu. Izisi esikhalisa unyembezi ziphuke ugebhezi lwekhanda. Isisi esikhalisa unyembezi siqale umlilo. Izitshalo nezilwane ezingezona abantu nezinyoni zifakwe ushevu. Umshicileli we-Fox News u-Megyn Kelly uchitha isifutho sikapelepele ngokuthi “umkhiqizo wokudla, empeleni,” futhi umbiko waseBrithani wango-1970 osasetshenziswa kabanzi ukuze kuthethelelwe ukusetshenziswa kwesisi esikhalisa unyembezi utusa ukuba kuthathwe njengokungesona neze isikhali, kodwa njengesidakamizwa. Incwadi kaFeigenbaum ingumlando wokwakhiwa nokusetshenziswa kwezikhali, kanye nokumaketha “okungokwesayensi” okonakele.
Abantu baseMelika abathanda kakhulu izwe bazokujabulela ukwazi ukuthi i-United States ne-England yizona ezihamba phambili. Kusukela ngeMpi Yezwe I, abaseBrithani nabaseMelika baye bathengisa izikhali zamakhemikhali njengendlela yokunciphisa ukuhlupheka ezimpini nokuqeda izimpi ngokushesha - ingasaphathwa indlela "engenabungozi" yokulawula izixuku (ngokubangela ukuhlupheka okungabekezeleleki okungenangozi). Bathuthukise ukuhlukanisa ngaphandle komehluko. Bahlanekezele imiphumela yokuhlolwa. Bafihle imiphumela yokuhlolwa. Futhi baye bahlanganyela ekuhloleni abantu, ngokuhlolwa okukhulu kwezikhali zamakhemikhali ezisulungeni ezingalindelekile okwenziwa khona Edgewood Arsenal e-United States futhi I-Porton Down eNgilandi amashumi eminyaka aqala ngemva nje kokuba amaJalimane egwetshiwe futhi elengiswa ngenxa yezenzo ezifanayo.
UJenene Amos Fries, inhloko ye-US Chemical Warfare Service, wagqugquzelwa ukudayisa izikhali zamakhemikhali emaphoyiseni njengendlela yokulondoloza ukuba khona kwesikhungo sakhe ngemva kweMpi Yezwe I. Akugcinanga lapho impi, kodwa nezikhali zamakhemikhali zazinedumela elibi kakhulu. - kusekelwe, uyazi, iqiniso. Idumela lalibi kakhulu, kangangokuthi kwathatha i-UK esinye isizukulwane (kanye nosizo lokucwasa ngokwebala ekusetshenzisweni kwawo kuqala kumakoloni) ukuze ifike ngokugcwele ekwamukeleni ukusetshenziswa kwezikhali zamakhemikhali ngamaphoyisa. UFries wayemaketha izikhali zamakhemikhali njengezinhle kakhulu kuzo zombili “izixuku” kanye “nezixhwanguxhwangu.”
"Ngithanda kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwegesi enobuthi ngokumelene nezizwe ezingaphucukile," kusho uWinston Churchill, njengomuntu okhulumayo futhi ongaphambili-kwesikhathi sakhe njengenjwayelo (kodwa nokho, njengenjwayelo, ngiyehluleka ukuzwa uthando wonke umuntu obonakala ephendula njalo. nge).
Ibutho elikhulu lamaphoyisa, ku-akhawunti ka-Feigenbaum, lavela ngokutholwa kwesisi esikhalisa izinyembezi yiminyango yamaphoyisa ase-US ngeminyaka yawo-1920 kanye nama-1930. Nakuba singase sicabange ukuthi iziqondiso bezikhona kusukela ekuqaleni zinikeza indlela isisi esikhalisa unyembezi esivame ukusetshenziswa ngayo (njengesikhali esinolaka esimelene nezixuku eziboshiwe nasezikhaleni ezivalekile, njll.) okungenasimilo, i-Feigenbaum ilungisa lokhu kungaqondi kahle. Isisi esikhalisa unyembezi saklanywa futhi sakhuthazwa njengethuluzi lokusetshenziswa ngokumelene nezakhamuzi ezingahlomile eduze nasezindaweni ezivalekile. Ukusebenza kwawo okwandayo ezimweni ezinjalo kwaba amaphuzu okuthengisa. Lokhu kungase kudingeke ukuba kukhunjulwe njengoba i-US Army manje isiqeqesha amasosha ukubulala ngaphansi komhlaba.
Isivivinyo sokuqala esikhulu emlandweni okhazimulayo wokusetshenziswa kwesisi esikhalisa izinyembezi “njengokulawula izixuku” safika lapho amasosha ase-US ehlasela omakadebona beMpi Yezwe I kanye nemindeni yabo eButhweni Lezempi LaseBonus eWashington, DC, labulala abantu abadala nezinsana, futhi lanikeza isisi esikhalisa izinyembezi. igama elisha: i-Hoover ration. Kude kude nephuzu lokuhlazeka, lokhu kuhlasela okubulalayo komakadebona “besebenzisa izikhali zamakhemikhali kubantu babo” (ukunanela izizathu ezivame ukusetshenziswa ezimpini zakamuva zase-US “zobuntu”) nakho kwaba yindawo yokumaketha. Inkampani yeLake Erie Chemical yasebenzisa izithombe zokuhlaselwa kweBusi Lebutho kukhathalogi yayo yokuthengisa.
I-United States yaphusha isisi esikhalisa izinyembezi emhlabeni futhi yasithengisela amakoloni aseBrithani kwaze kwaba yilapho amaNgisi ezizwa ephoqelekile ukuba abe abakhiqizi bawo. Amaphuzu aguqukayo ekwamukeleni kwawo iBrithani afika eNdiya nasePalestine. Isibhicongo sase-Amritsar eNdiya sakha isifiso sesikhali esinjengesibhamu esingabulali futhi samukeleka kakhulu kunesibhamu, indlela, njengoba uFeigenbaum ebhala, “sokushintsha indlela ohulumeni ababebukeka ngayo ngaphandle kwesidingo sokushintsha indlela izinto ezaziyiyo ngempela.” UMbuso WaseBrithani owawufa wacosha izinduku futhi wasakaza isisi esikhalisa izinyembezi kude nakude. Isisi esikhalisa unyembezi sasiyingxenye yakwa-Israyeli kusukela ngaphambi kokudalwa okusemthethweni kuka-Israyeli.
Nanamuhla sicabanga ngesisi esikhalisa unyembezi ngendlela esidayiswe ngayo, nakuba amehlo ethu aqamba amanga asibonise wona. Ngesikhathi sokunyakaza kwamalungelo omphakathi kanye nokuthula kweminyaka yawo-1960s, njengoba izikhathi eziningi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, isisi esikhalisa izinyembezi asikaze sisetshenziswe ngokuyinhloko ukuhlakaza izixuku eziyingozi. Isetshenziselwe ukusiza ukuhlasela ngezinye izikhali ezixukwini ezivaleleke ngamabomu nezingenalo udlame. Idutshulwe ezindlini zabantu nasemasontweni nasemahholo okuhlangana ukuze ibaxoshele engozini, njengoba isetshenziswe ukuxosha abantu emigedeni yaseVietnam. Isetshenziswe njengekhava ebonakalayo yokuhlasela ngezinye izikhali. Isetshenziselwe ukwakha isithombe esamukelekayo sesixuku esiyingozi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi abantu abaklinyiweyo benzani noma benzani ngaphambi kokuba kuqhume isisi esikhalisa izinyembezi. Isisi esikhalisa unyembezi sigqugquzela ukugqokwa kwezifihla-buso, ezishintsha isithombe nokuziphatha kwababhikishi. Isetshenziswe amaqembu e-SWAT ezimeni eziningi lapho ukungqongqoza emnyango bekuzosebenza kangcono. Isetshenziswe njengesijeziso sababhikishi neziboshwa. Isetshenziswe njengomdlalo ngamaphoyisa/amasosha ashisekela ngokweqile.
Izishoshovu zinqabile, zamisa ukuthunyelwa okuvela eKorea kuya e-Bahrain, zamisa ihhotela e-Oakland, eCalifornia, ukuba libambe indawo yokuthengisa izikhali. Kodwa ukusetshenziswa kwesisi esikhalisa unyembezi kuyanda emhlabeni wonke. I-Feigenbaum iphakamisa izifundo zesayensi ezithembekile. Angiphikisani nalokho. Uphakamisa ukucaciswa kwesimo esisemthethweni sesisi esikhalisa unyembezi. Angiphikisani nalokho - bheka ngenhla. Uphakamisa, kunalokho ngokuphelelwa yithemba, ukuthi uma lesi sikhali sizothathwa njengesidakamizwa, kufanele kusebenze imikhawulo efanayo yokungqubuzana kwezinhloso zenzuzo njengoba isebenza ezidakamizweni. Angiphikisani nalokho. Kodwa incwadi ka-Feigenbaum empeleni yenza icala elilula neliqinile: vala ngokuphelele isisi esikhalisa izinyembezi.
