NguJohn Scales Avery, Januwari 4, 2019
Ukubulawa kukaJeneral Qasem Soleimani
NgoLwesihlanu, 3 Januwari, 2020, abathuthukayo e-United States nabo bonke abantu abathanda ukuthula emhlabeni wonke bathukile ukuzwa ukuthi uDonald Trump ungeze ohlwini lwakhe olude lwamacala obugebengu nezimpawu ngokubiza ukubulawa kukaGeneral Qasem Soleimani, ongu iqhawe ezweni lakhe, Iran. Lokhu kubulala, okwenziwe ngesiteleka se-drone ngoLwesihlanu, ngokushesha nokwandisa kakhulu amathuba ezimpi ezinkulu ezenzeka eMiddle East nakwezinye izindawo. Ngokwalesi sizinda, ngithanda ukubukisisa umlando wokuhlaselwa okwenziwe ngamafutha e-Iran.
Isifiso sokulawula uwoyela wase-Iran
I-Iran inempucuko yasendulo futhi enhle, ehlehlela emuva ku-5,000 BC, lapho kwasungulwa khona idolobha laseShushani. Eminye yemibhalo yokuqala esiyaziyo, eyayisukela cishe ku-3,000 BC, yasetshenziswa yimpucuko yama-Elamite eduzane naseSusa. Ama-Irani anamuhla ahlakaniphe kakhulu futhi anamasiko, futhi adume ngokungenisa izihambi, ukuphana nokuba nomusa kubantu angabazi. Emakhulwini eminyaka adlule, abantu base-Irani benze amagalelo amaningi kwezesayensi, ezobuciko nezincwadi, futhi amakhulu eminyaka bengazange bahlasele omakhelwane babo. Yize kunjalo, kule minyaka engama-90 edlule, bebeyizisulu zokuhlaselwa nokungenelelwa kwamanye amazwe, iningi lawo ebelisondelene kakhulu nemithombo kawoyela negesi yase-Iran. Esokuqala salokhu senzeka ngonyaka we-1921-1925, lapho i-coup eyayixhaswe ngabaseBrithani igumbuqela ubukhosi bakwaQajar yabe isifaka uReza Shah.
UReza Shah (1878-1944) waqala umsebenzi wakhe njengoReza Khan, isikhulu sebutho. Ngenxa yobuhlakani bakhe obuphakeme wasukuma ngokushesha waba ngumkhuzi weTabriz Brigade yamaPersian Cossacks. Ngo-1921, uGeneral Edmond Ironside, owayephethe ibutho laseBrithani lamadoda ayizi-6,000 15,000 elwa namaBolshevik enyakatho nePheresiya, wahlela umbuso (owawukhokhelwa yiBrithani) lapho uReza Khan ehola khona iCossacks engu-1923 1925 eya enhlokodolobha. Wagumbuqela uhulumeni, waba ngungqongqoshe wezempi. Uhulumeni waseBrithani walusekela lolu hlelo ngoba wayekholelwa ukuthi kudingeka umholi oqinile e-Iran ukumelana namaBolsheviks. Ngo-XNUMX, uReza Khan waketula umbuso waseQajar, kwathi ngo-XNUMX wathweswa umqhele njengoReza Shah, waqamba igama elithi Pahlavi.
UReza Shah wayekholelwa ukuthi wayenomsebenzi wokuvuselela i-Iran, ngendlela efanayo noKamil Ataturk ayenze ngayo iTurkey yaba yesimanje. Phakathi neminyaka yakhe eyi-16 yokubusa e-Iran, kwakhiwa imigwaqo eminingi, kwakhiwa iTrans-Iranian Railway, abantu abaningi base-Iranian bathunyelwa ukuyofunda eNtshonalanga, kwavulwa iNyuvesi yaseTehran, kwathathwa nezinyathelo zokuqala zokubhekela ezemboni. Kodwa-ke, izindlela zikaReza Shah kwesinye isikhathi zazinzima kakhulu.
Ngo-1941, ngenkathi iJalimane ihlasela iRussia, i-Iran yayingathathi hlangothi, mhlawumbe incike kancane ohlangothini lweJalimane. Kodwa-ke, uReza Shah wayegxeka uHitler ngokwanele ukuba anikeze ukuphepha e-Iran kubabaleki abavela kumaNazi. Ngokwesaba ukuthi amaJalimane azokwazi ukulawula izinkambu zikawoyela i-Abadan, futhi efisa ukusebenzisa iTrans-Iranian Railway ukuletha izimpahla eRussia, iBrithani yahlasela i-Iran isuka eningizimu ngo-Agasti 25, 1941. Ngasikhathi sinye, ibutho laseRussia lahlasela izwe lisuka enyakatho. UReza Shah ucele usizo kuRoosevelt, ecaphuna ukungathathi hlangothi kwe-Iran, kepha kwanhlanga zimuka nomoya. NgoSepthemba 17, 1941, waphoqwa ukuba adingiswe, esikhundleni sakhe kwathathwa indodana yakhe, uCrown Prince Mohammed Reza Pahlavi. Bobabili iBrithani kanye neRussia bathembisa ukuthi bazohamba e-Iran ngokushesha nje lapho impi isiphelile. Ngesikhathi seMpi Yomhlaba Yesibili esele, yize u-Shah omusha ayengumbusi wase-Iran ngegama nje, izwe lalilawulwa yimikhosi eyayihlangene nayo.
UReza Shah wayenomqondo oqinile wokuthunywa, futhi wabona ukuthi kungumsebenzi wakhe ukwenza i-Iran ibe yesimanje. Wadlulisela lo mqondo wokuthunywa endodaneni yakhe, u-Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlavi osemncane. Inkinga ebuhlungu yobumpofu yayibonakala yonke indawo, futhi bobabili uReza Shah nendodana yakhe babona ukwenziwa kwesimanje kwe-Iran kuyindlela kuphela yokuqeda ubumpofu.
Ngo-1951, uMohammad Mosaddegh waba nguNdunankulu wase-Iran ngokhetho lwentando yeningi. Wayevela emndenini obekwe kakhulu futhi wayengalandela ukhokho lwakhe abuyele emahhashini obukhosi bakwaQajar. Phakathi kokulungiswa okuningi okwenziwe yiMosaddegh kwaba ngukubekwa ngaphansi kukahulumeni impahla ye-Anglo-Iranian Oil Company e-Iran. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-AIOC (okwathi kamuva yaba yiBritish Petroleum), yanxenxa uhulumeni waseBrithani ukuba axhase ukuguqa okuyimfihlo okwakuzoketula uMosaddegh. AbaseBrithani bacele uMongameli wase-United States u-Eisenhower kanye ne-CIA ukuthi bajoyine i-M16 ekwenzeni lo mbhikisho bethi iMosaddegh imele usongo lwamaKhomanisi (impikiswano ehlekisayo, uma kubhekwa umlando wobukhosi baseMosaddegh). U-Eisenhower wavuma ukusiza iBrithani ekwenzeni lokhu, futhi kwenzeka ngo-1953. Ngaleyo ndlela u-Shah wathola amandla aphelele phezu kwe-Iran.
Inhloso yokwenza i-Iran ibe ngeyesimanjemanje nokuqeda ubumpofu yamukelwa njengomsebenzi ocishe ube ngcwele ngu-Shah osemusha, u-Mohammed Reza Pahlavi, futhi kwakuyisisusa sokwenza kwakhe i-White Revolution ngo-1963, lapho umhlaba omningi owawungabanikazi bomhlaba abanobuqili kanye nomqhele yanikezwa abantu bendawo abangenamhlaba. Kodwa-ke, i-White Revolution yathukuthelisa isigaba sendabuko sendawo yokuhlala kanye nabefundisi, futhi yadala ukuphikisana okukhulu. Ekubhekaneni nalokhu kuphikiswa, izindlela zama-Shahs zazinzima kakhulu, njengoba kwakunjalo nangoyise. Ngenxa yokuhlukaniswa okwenziwa izindlela zakhe ezinokhahlo, nangenxa yamandla akhulayo ezitha zakhe, u-Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlavi waketulwa ku-Iranian Revolution yango-1979. Inguquko yango-1979 yabangelwa ngandlela thile yi-British-American coup ka-1953.
Umuntu angasho futhi ukuthi ukusentshonalanga, lapho u-Shah Reza nendodana yakhe behlose khona, kwaveza impendulo elwa nentshonalanga phakathi kwezinhlangano ezilondolozayo zomphakathi wase-Iranian. I-Iran "ibiwela phakathi kwezitulo ezimbili", ngakolunye uhlangothi isiko lasentshonalanga kanti ngakolunye uhlangothi isiko lendabuko lalelizwe. Kubonakala ngathi iphakathi nendawo, okungeyona eyakhe. Ekugcineni ku Ngo-1979 abefundisi bamaSulumane banqoba futhi i-Iran yakhetha isiko. Khonamanjalo, ngo-1963, i-US yayisekele ngasese impi yamasosha e-Iraq eyanikeza uSaddam Hussein iqembu leBa'ath Party. Ngo-1979, lapho uShah wase-Iran owayesekelwa entshonalanga egumbuqelwa, i-United States yathatha umbuso wamaShiite owawungena esikhundleni sakhe njengosongo ekunikezelweni kukawoyela ovela eSaudi Arabia. IWashington yabona i-Iraq kaSaddam njengendawo yokuvikela uhulumeni waseShiite wase-Iran okwakucatshangwa ukuthi isongela ukunikezwa kukawoyela ovela emazweni asekela iMelika njengeKuwait neSaudi Arabia.
Ngo-1980, ekhuthazwe ukwenza lokho ngeqiniso lokuthi i-Iran ilahlekelwe ukusekelwa yi-US, uhulumeni kaSaddam Hussein wahlasela i-Iran. Lokhu kwaba ukuqala kwempi eyayichitha igazi eliningi futhi icekela phansi eyathatha iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili, yabulala abantu abacishe babe yisigidi kulezi zizwe zombili. I-Iraq isebenzise igesi yesinaphi kanye namagesi ezinzwa uTabun noSarin abhekene ne-Iran, ngokwephula iGeneva Protocol. Kokubili i-United States neBrithani basiza uhulumeni kaSaddam Hussein ukuthola izikhali zamakhemikhali.
Ukuhlaselwa kwamanje kwe-Iran yi-Israel kanye ne-United States, okubili nokwasatshiswayo, kufana ncamashi nempi eyayilwa ne-Iraq, eyasungulwa yi-United States ngo-2003. Ngo-2003, lokhu kuhlasela kwakushukunyiswa igama elithi izikhali zenuzi izothuthukiswa, kepha i- Isisusa sangempela sasiphathelene kakhulu nesifiso sokulawula nokusebenzisa izinsizakusebenza zikaphethiloli wase-Iraq, nangokwesaba okukhulu kuka-Israyeli kokuba nomakhelwane onamandla nonobutha. Ngokunjalo, ukuhlukunyezwa kwezinqolobane ezinkulu zikawoyela negesi zase-Iran kungabonakala njengesinye sezizathu ezinkulu zokuthi kungani i-United States njengamanje idemoniya i-Iran, futhi lokhu kuhlanganiswe nokwesaba okucishe kube yindida kuka-Israyeli nge-Iran enkulu futhi enamandla. Uma ubheka emuva empumelelweni "yempumelelo" yango-1953 eyayilwa noMosaddegh, u-Israel kanye ne-United States mhlawumbe banomuzwa wokuthi unswinyo, izinsongo, ukubulala nezinye izingcindezi kungadala ushintsho kuhulumeni oluzoletha uhulumeni ovumelana kakhudlwana namandla e-Iran - uhulumeni ozokwamukela Ubudlova base-US. Kepha izinkulumo ezinolaka, izinsongo nokucasula kungakhuphukela empini ephelele.
Angifisi ukusho ukuthi uhulumeni okhona wase-Iran akanaphutha elikhulu. Kodwa-ke, noma ikuphi ukusetshenziswa kodlame olubhekiswe e-Iran kuzoba ukuhlanya nobugebengu. Kungani uhlanya? Ngoba umnotho wamanje wase-US kanye nomhlaba awukwazi ukusekela enye ingxabano enkulu; ngoba iMiddle East isivele iyisifunda esinenkinga enkulu; futhi ngoba akunakwenzeka ukubikezela ubukhulu bempi, uma iqale, ingahle ikhule ibe yiMpi Yesithathu Yomhlaba, ngenxa yokuthi i-Iran isondelene kakhulu neRussia neChina. Kungani eyisigebengu? Ngoba udlame olunjalo lungephula kokubili i-Charter ye-UN kanye neMigomo yeNuremberg. Akukho themba nakancane ngekusasa ngaphandle kokuthi sisebenzele umhlaba onokuthula, ophethwe ngumthetho wamazwe omhlaba, hhayi umhlaba owesabekayo, lapho kulawula khona amandla anonya.
Ukuhlaselwa kwe-Iran kunganda
Sisanda kwedlula iminyaka eyi-100 iMpi Yezwe I, futhi kufanele sikhumbule ukuthi le nhlekelele enkulu yanda ngokungalawuleki kulokho okwakuhloswe ukuba yingxabano encane. Kunengozi yokuthi ukuhlaselwa kwe-Iran kungakhuphuka kube impi enkulu eseMiddle East, ngokuphelele kunqande isifunda esivele sizijule kakhulu ezinkingeni.
Uhulumeni ongazinzile wasePakistan angahle agumbuqelwe, futhi uhulumeni wezwe wasePakistan ongaguquki angangena empini ohlangothini lwe-Iran, ngaleyo ndlela angenise izikhali zenuzi ezingxabanweni. Izwe laseRussia nelaseChina, ezingamadlelane e-Iran, bangadonswa empini ese-Middle East.
Esimweni esiyingozi esingase sibangelwe ukuhlaselwa kwe-Iran, kunengozi yokuthi izikhali zenuzi zingasetshenziswa, ngamabomu, noma ngengozi noma ngokungafanele. Ucwaningo lwakamuva luye lwabonisa ukuthi ngaphandle kokwenza izindawo ezinkulu zomhlaba zingagadli ngokungcola okuhlala isikhathi eside kunomsakazo, impi yenuzi ingalimaza ezolimo emhlabeni wonke kangangokuba kungaqubuka indlala yomhlaba wonke yezilinganiso ezazingaziwa ngaphambili.
Ngakho-ke, impi yenuzi iyinhlekelele enkulu yemvelo. Kungalimaza impucuko yabantu kanye nezinto eziningi eziphilayo. Ukuzibeka engcupheni yempi enjalo kungaba icala elingenakuthethelelwa ngokumelene izimpilo nekusasa labo bonke abantu bomhlaba, izakhamuzi zase-US zifakiwe.
Ucwaningo lwakamuva luveze ukuthi amafu entuthu asuka eziphephweni zomlilo emadolobheni avuthayo angakhuphuka aye e-stratvelo, lapho ebengasakazeka emhlabeni jikelele futhi aqhubeke iminyaka eyishumi, avimbe umjikelezo we-hydrological, futhi abhubhise ungqimba lwe-ozone. Iminyaka eyishumi yokushisa esehliswe kakhulu ibingalandela. Ezolimo zomhlaba wonke zazizobhujiswa. Abantu, izitshalo nezilwane bezingashabalala.
Kumele futhi sicabangele imiphumela ehlala isikhathi eside yokungcola kwemisebe. Umuntu angathola umqondo omncane wokuthi kungaba njani ngokucabanga ngokungcoliswa okukhipha imisebe okwenze izindawo ezinkulu eziseduze naseChernobyl naseFukushima zingahlali unomphela, noma ukuhlolwa kwamabhomu e-hydrogen ePacific ngawo-1950, okuqhubeka nokubangela i-leukemia kanye ukukhubazeka kokuzalwa eMarshall Islands esikhathini esingaphezu kwengxenye yekhulu leminyaka kamuva. Uma kwenzeka impi ye-thermonuclear, ukungcoliswa kungaba kukhulu kakhulu.
Kufanele sikhumbule ukuthi amandla aqhumayo ezikhali zenuzi emhlabeni namuhla anezikhathi eziphindwe ka-500,000 njengamandla amabhomu abhubhisa iHiroshima neNagasaki. Okusongelwe namuhla ukuwohloka okuphelele kwempucuko yabantu kanye nokubhujiswa kwengxenye enkulu yomkhathi.
Isiko lesintu elivamile sonke esihlanganyela kulo liyingcebo okufanele ivikelwe ngokucophelela futhi idluliselwe ezinganeni nakubazukulu bethu. Umhlaba omuhle, ngokunotha kwawo okukhulu kwezitshalo nezilwane, futhi kuyingcebo, cishe namandla ethu okulinganisa noma ukuveza. Yeka ukuzikhukhumeza nokuhlambalaza okukhulu okukhona kubaholi bethu ukucabanga ngokuzibeka engcupheni yempi yempi yesivunguvungu!
