Abantu basePalestine babheka ibhomu elingaqhumanga eliwiswe yindiza yezempi yakwa-Israel F-16 endaweni yaseGaza City eRimal ngomhlaka-18 Meyi 2021 (AFP/Mahmud Hams)
nguFrank Andrews, I-Middle East Iso, May 18, 2021.
Sekuphele isonto lonke, i-Israel ishaya iGaza Strip ngamabhomu, ithi ibheke “amaphekula” e-Hamas. Kodwa izakhiwo zokuhlala, izitolo zezincwadi, izibhedlela kanye nokuyinhloko Ilebhu yokuhlola i-Covid-19 nazo zicatshangelwe.
Ukuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu kwa-Israyeli kule ndawo evinjezelwe, osekubulale okungenani abantu abangama-213, okuhlanganisa nezingane ezingama-61, kungenzeka kuyicala lempi, ngokusho kombiko. Amnesty International.
Izinkulungwane zamarokhethi eHamas adubula enyakatho esuka eGaza, abulale abantu abangu-12, kungenzeka ukuthi ubugebengu bempi, ngokweqembu lamalungelo.
Kodwa ngenkathi i-Hamas inamabhomu ahlanganiswe kakhulu izinto ezenziwe ekhaya nezishushumbisiwe, eziyingozi ngoba aziqondiswanga, u-Israyeli unesimo sobuciko, izikhali ezinembile kanye nezakhe. imboni yezikhali ekhulayo. Yi- umthengisi wezikhali wesishiyagalombili ngobukhulu emhlabeni.
Ibutho lezempi lakwa-Israel liphinde lixhaswe ukungeniswa kwezikhali ezibiza izigidigidi zamarandi ezivela phesheya.
Lawa amazwe nezinkampani ezihlinzeka u-Israyeli ngezikhali, naphezu komlando wawo wokumangalelwa ngamacala empi.
I-united states
I-United States ingumthengisi omkhulu kakhulu wezikhali kwa-Israel. Phakathi kuka-2009-2020, ngaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-70 ezikhali u-Israyeli azithenga zazivela e-US, ngokusho kwe I-Stockholm International International Research Institute (Sipri) Isizindalwazi Sokudluliselwa Kwezikhali, esifaka izikhali ezinkulu ezivamile kuphela.
Ngokwezinombolo ze-Sipri, i-US ithumele izikhali kwa-Israel minyaka yonke kusukela ngo-1961.
Kunzima ukulandelela izingalo esezilethiwe, kepha phakathi kuka-2013-2017, i-US yaletha izikhali ezingama- $ 4.9bn (£3.3bn) ku-Israel, ngokusho kwe-UK-based. Umkhankaso Wokuhwebelana Ngezikhali (CAAT).
Amabhomu enziwe e-US athwetshulwe eGaza ezinsukwini zakamuva, nawo.
Ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe kunyukile naphezu kwezikhathi eziningi lapho amasosha akwa-Israel esolwa ngokwenza ubugebengu bempi kubantu basePalestine.
I-US yaqhubeka nokuthumela izikhali kwa-Israyeli lapho kuvela ngo-2009, isibonelo, ukuthi amabutho akwa-Israel ayesebenzise ngokungakhethi amagobolondo amhlophe e-phosphorus kubantu basePalestine - ubugebengu bempi, ngokusho I-Human Rights Watch.
Ngo 2014, Amnesty International usole u-Israel ngecala elifanayo lokuhlasela okungafanele okwabulala inqwaba yabantu eRafah, eningizimu yeGaza. Ngonyaka olandelayo, inani lokuthunyelwa kwezikhali zase-US kwa-Israel licishe laphindeka kabili, ngokwezibalo ze-Sipri.
Umongameli waseMelika uJoe Biden "uzwakalise ukweseka kwakhe ukuthi kumiswe ukulwa” ngoMsombuluko, ngaphansi kwengcindezi AmaSenate Democrats. Kepha kuphinde kwavela ekuqaleni kosuku ukuthi abaphathi bakhe bebesanda kugunyaza ama- $ 735m ekuthengisweni kwezikhali kwa-Israel, the Washington Post kubika. AmaDemocrat eKomidi lezangaphandle leNdlu kulindeleke ukuthi acele abaphathi ukubambezela ukudayiswa ukubuyekezwa okulindile.
Futhi ngaphansi kwesivumelwano sosizo lwezokuphepha kusukela ngo-2019-2028, i-US ivumile - kuncike ekugunyazweni kwekhongolose - ukunikeza u-Israyeli $3.8bn ngonyaka ekuxhaseni ngezimali amasosha akwamanye amazwe, iningi lazo okufanele ichithe kuyo Izikhali ezenziwe e-US.
Lokho cishe amaphesenti angama-20 esabelomali sezokuvikela sakwa-Israyeli, ngokusho NBC, futhi cishe izingxenye ezintathu kwezinhlanu zoxhaso lwezimali lwezempi lwangaphandle lwase-US emhlabeni wonke.
Kodwa i-US ngezinye izikhathi inikeza izimali ezengeziwe, ngaphezu komnikelo wayo wonyaka. Inikeze i okwengeziwe $1.6bn kusukela ngo-2011 ohlelweni lwakwa-Israel lwe-Iron Dome anti-missile, olunezingxenye ezenziwe e-US.
"I-Israel inemboni yezikhali ethuthuke kakhulu engase iqhubeke nokuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu okungenani isikhathi esifushane," kusho u-Andrew Smith we-CAAT etshela i-Middle East Eye.
"Kodwa-ke, izindiza zayo ezinkulu zokulwa zivela e-US," engeza, ekhuluma ngakho Izindiza zokulwa zase-US F-16, eqhubeka nokumpompa uMdweshu. “Noma amandla okuzakha ekhona kwa-Israel, kusobala ukuthi kuzothatha isikhathi eside ukuhlangana.
“Mayelana nezikhali, eziningi zalezi zithengwa kwamanye amazwe, kodwa ngilindele ukuthi zingakhiqizwa kwa-Israel. Ngokusobala, kulesi simo esicatshangelwayo, ukushintshela ekukhiqizeni izikhali ekhaya kuzothatha isikhathi futhi bekungeke kungabizi.”
“Kodwa ukuthengiswa kwezikhali akumele kubonakale bodwa. Basekelwa ukwesekwa okujulile kwezepolitiki,” kwengeza uSmith. "Ukwesekwa kwe-US, ikakhulukazi, kubaluleke kakhulu mayelana nokusekela umsebenzi kanye nokugunyazwa kwemikhankaso yokuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu njengoba sesibonile ezinsukwini zakamuva."
Uhlu olude lwezinkampani ezizimele zase-US ezithintekayo ekuhlinzekeni u-Israyeli ngezikhali luhlanganisa u-Lockheed Martin, i-Boeing; I-Northrop Grumman, iGeneral Dynamics, i-Ametek, i-UTC Aerospace, ne-Raytheon, ngokusho kwe-CAAT.
Germany
Izwe lesibili ngobukhulu elithumela izikhali kwa-Israel yiJalimane, elabamba amaphesenti angama-24 okuthengwa kwezikhali kwa-Israel phakathi kuka-2009-2020.
IJalimane ayinikezi imininingwane ngezikhali ezilethayo, kodwa yakhipha amalayisense okuthengiswa kwezikhali kwa-Israel ebiza ama-euro ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-1.6 ($ 1.93bn) kusukela ngo-2013-2017, ngokweCAAT.
Izibalo ze-Sipri zikhombisa ukuthi iJalimane idayisela u-Israel izikhali phakathi nawo wonke ama-1960 no-1970, futhi ikwenze njalo minyaka yonke kusukela ngo-1994.
Izingxoxo zokuqala zokuvikela phakathi kwalawa mazwe womabili zisukela ngo-1957, ngokusho kuka Haaretz, eyaphawula ukuthi ngo-1960, uNdunankulu uDavid Ben-Gurion wahlangana eNew York noShansela waseJalimane u-Konrad Adenauer futhi wagcizelela "isidingo sika-Israyeli semikhumbi-ngwenya emincane nemicibisholo elwa nezindiza".
Nakuba i-US isize ngezidingo eziningi zokuvikela umoya zakwa-Israyeli, iJalimane isahlinzeka ngemikhumbi-ngwenya.
Umakhi wemikhumbi waseJalimane i-ThyssenKrupp Marine Systems yakhe eziyisithupha Imikhumbi-ngwenya yamahlengethwa kwa-Israel, ngokusho kwe-CAAT, kuyilapho inkampani ekomkhulu laseJalimane i-Renk AG isiza ukuhlomisa amathangi akwa-Israel iMerkava.
UChancellor waseJalimane u-Angela Merkel uzwakalise “ubumbano” no-Israyeli ocingweni abenalo noNetanyahu ngoMsombuluko, ngokusho komkhulumeli wakhe, eqinisekisa “ilungelo lezwe lokuzivikela” ekuhlaselweni ngamarokhethi eHamas.
Italy
I-Italy ilandela, njengoba ihlinzeke ngamaphesenti angama-5.6 okuthengwa kwezikhali okujwayelekile kwa-Israyeli phakathi kuka-2009-2020, ngokusho kukaSipri.
Kusukela ngo-2013-2017, i-Italy yaletha izikhali ezingabiza u-€476m ($581m) kwa-Israyeli, ngokusho kweCAAT.
Lawa mazwe womabili enze izivumelwano eminyakeni yamuva lapho u-Israel ethole ukuqeqeshwa kwezindiza ukuze abuyisele imicibisholo nezinye izikhali, ngokusho kombiko. Izindaba Zokuvikela.
I-Italy yajoyina amanye amazwe aseYurophu egxeka izindawo zokuhlala zakwa-Israel eSheikh Jarrah nakwezinye izindawo ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, kodwa izwe liyaqhubeka nokuthumela izikhali kwamanye amazwe.
'Ichweba laseLivorno ngeke libe nesandla ekubulaweni kwabantu basePalestine'
-Unione Sindicale di Base, Italy
Abasebenzi basethekwini eLivorno benqabile ngoLwesihlanu ukulayisha umkhumbi ophethe izikhali ethekwini lakwa-Israel lase-Ashdod, ngemuva kokwaziswa yi-NGO yase-Italy i-Weapon Watch mayelana nokuqukethwe kwempahla yayo.
"Ichweba laseLivorno ngeke libe nesandla ekubulaweni kwabantu basePalestine," kusho i-Unione Sindicale di Base. isitatimende.
I-Weapon Watch inxuse iziphathimandla zase-Italy ukuthi zimise "okuthile noma konke ukuthunyelwa kwamasosha ase-Italy ezindaweni ezingqubuzanayo zase-Israel-Palestine".
I-AgustaWestland, inkampani engaphansi kwenkampani yase-Italy uLeonardo, yenza izingxenye zezindiza ezinophephela emhlane ze-Apache ezisetshenziswa yi-Israel, ngokusho kwe-CAAT.
i-United Kingdom
I-UK, nakuba ingekho ku-database ye-Sipri eminyakeni yamuva, futhi idayisela izikhali kwa-Israyeli, futhi inelayisensi engu-£400m ezingalweni kusukela ngo-2015, ngokusho kwe-CAAT.
I-NGO icela i-UK ukuthi iqede ukuthengiswa kwezikhali nokusekelwa kwezempi kumasosha akwa-Israel kanye uphenye uma ngabe izingalo zase-UK zisetshenziselwe ukuqhuma ibhomu eGaza.
Inani langempela i-UK elithumela kwa-Israel liphakeme kakhulu kunezinombolo ezitholakala esidlangalaleni, ngenxa yohlelo olungacacile lokuthengiswa kwezikhali, “amalayisensi avuliwe”, ngokuyisisekelo izimvume zokuthekelisa, ezigcina inani lezikhali nenani lazo liyimfihlo.
USmith we-CAAT utshele i-MEE ukuthi cishe amaphesenti angama-30-40 okuthengiswa kwezikhali e-UK kwa-Israyeli kungenzeka kwenziwa ngaphansi kwelayisensi evuliwe, kodwa “asazi” ukuthi yiziphi izikhali noma ukuthi zisetshenziswa kanjani.
“Ngaphandle kokuthi uHulumeni wase-UK wethula olwakhe uphenyo, ayikho enye indlela yokunquma ukuthi yiziphi izikhali ezike zasetshenziswa, ngaphandle kokuthembela ezithombeni eziphuma kwenye yezindawo ezinezingxabano ezimbi kakhulu emhlabeni - okungeyona indlela efanele. imboni yezikhali kumele iphendule,” kusho uSmith.
“Indlela esithola ngayo ngalezi zenzo zonya sithembele kubantu abasezindaweni ezinempi ukuthi bathwebule izithombe zezikhali eziwela ngakubo noma ezintathelini,” kusho uSmith.
"Futhi lokho kusho ukuthi singahlala sicabanga ukuthi kusetshenziswa izikhali ezinkulu esingeke sazi ngazo."
Izinkampani ezizimele zaseBrithani ezisiza ukuhlinzeka u-Israyeli ngezikhali noma izinsimbi zezempi zihlanganisa i-BAE Systems; I-Atlas Elektronik UK; I-MPE; UMeggit, uPenny + Giles Controls; I-Redmayne Engineering; I-PLC ephezulu; I-Land Rover; kanye ne-G4S, ngokusho I-CAAT.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-UK ichitha izigidi zamapondo ngonyaka ezinhlelweni zezikhali zakwa-Israel. I-Elbit Systems, umkhiqizi omkhulu wezikhali wakwa-Israel, inezinkampani ezingaphansi ezimbalwa e-UK, njengoba kwenza abakhi bezikhali abambalwa base-US.
Enye yezimboni zabo e-Oldham ibibhekiswe kubabhikishi abasekela iPalestine ezinyangeni ezedlule.
Izikhali eziningi ezithunyelwa yi-UK kwa-Israel - okuhlanganisa nezindiza, drones, amabhomu, amabhomu, imicibisholo nezinhlamvu - "uhlobo lwezikhali okungenzeka zisetshenziswe kulolu hlobo lomkhankaso wokuqhuma kwamabhomu", ngokusho kwesitatimende se-CAAT, sibhekisela ekuqhumeni kwamabhomu okuqhubekayo.
“Bekungeke kube okokuqala,” kwengeza.
Kutholwe isibuyekezo sikahulumeni ngo-2014 12 amalayisensi Izikhali okungenzeka zasetshenziswa ekuqhumeni kwamabhomu eGaza ngalowo nyaka, kwathi ngo-2010, uNobhala Wezangaphandle ngaleso sikhathi uDavid Miliband wathi izingalo ezakhiwe e-UK “cishe impela” isetshenziswe emkhankasweni wakwa-Israel wokuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu ngo-2009 kule ndawo.
"Siyazi ukuthi izikhali ezenziwe e-UK bezike zasetshenziswa ngokumelene namaPalestine phambilini, kodwa lokho akwenzanga lutho ukumisa ukuhamba kwezikhali," kusho uSmith.
"Kumele kumiswe ukuthengiswa kwezikhali futhi kubuyekezwe ngokugcwele ukuthi ngabe izikhali zase-UK zike zasetshenziswa yini nokuthi ziyathinteka yini emacaleni empi angenzeka."
"Sekungamashumi eminyaka manje, ohulumeni abalandelanayo bekhuluma ngokuzibophezela kwabo ekwakheni ukuthula, ngenkathi beqhubeka nokuhlomisa nokweseka amasosha akwa-Israel," kwengeza uSmith. "Lokhu kuthengiswa kwezikhali akugcini nje ngokuhlinzeka ngosizo lwezempi, futhi kuthumela uphawu olucacile lokusekelwa kwezepolitiki ngokuhlala kanye nokuvinjwa kanye nodlame olwenziwayo."
Canada
ICanada yabalelwa cishe amaphesenti angu-0.3 okuthengwa kwezikhali ezinkulu ezivamile kwa-Israyeli phakathi kuka-2009-2021, ngokwezinombolo ze-Sipri.
UJagmeet Singh weNew Democratic Party yaseCanada ngesonto eledlule ucele iCanada ukuthi imise ukuthengiswa kwezikhali kwa-Israel ngenxa yezehlakalo zakamuva.
ICanada yathumela ama- $ 13.7m ku-hardware yezempi nobuchwepheshe kwa-Israyeli ngo-2019, okulingana namaphesenti angu-0.4 okuthengiswa kwezikhali kwamanye amazwe, ngokusho I-Globe and Mail.
