Ngu-WILPF, IPB, WBW, Novemba 6, 2022
Unobhala Omkhulu Othandekayo uStiell kanye noMqondisi uVioletti,
Ngaphambili kweNgqungquthela Yamaqembu (COP) 27 e-Egypt, izinhlangano zethu, i-Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF), i-International Peace Bureau kanye World BEYOND War, ngokuhlanganyela sikubhalela le ncwadi evulekile mayelana nokukhathazeka kwethu okuhlobene nomthelela omubi wezinto ezikhishwa yizempi kanye nezindleko enkingeni yesimo sezulu. Njengoba izingxabano ezihlomile zishubile e-Ukraine, e-Ethiopia naseNingizimu Caucasus, sikhathazeke kakhulu ngokuthi ukukhishwa kwempahla kwezempi kanye nezindleko kukhinyabeza inqubekelaphambili Yesivumelwano SaseParis.
Sicela uNobhala we-United Nations Framework Convention on Climate (UNFCCC) enze ucwaningo olukhethekile futhi abike esidlangalaleni mayelana nokukhishwa kwekhabhoni kwamasosha nempi. Siyacela futhi ukuthi iSecretariat ifunde futhi ibike ngokusetshenziswa kwezempi ngokwesimo sezimali zesimo sezulu. Sikhathazekile ngokuthi ukukhishwa kwegesi kwezempi kanye nezindleko ziyaqhubeka nokukhuphuka, okuvimbela amandla amazwe okunciphisa nokuzivumelanisa nenkinga yesimo sezulu. Sikhathazekile futhi ngokuthi izimpi eziqhubekayo kanye nobutha phakathi kwamazwe bubukela phansi ukubambisana komhlaba wonke okudingekayo ukuze kuzuzwe Isivumelwano saseParis kanye Nezinjongo Zokuthuthukiswa Okusimeme zeNhlangano Yezizwe Ezihlangene.
Selokhu yasungulwa, i-UNFCCC ayizange ifake ku-ajenda ye-COP udaba lokukhishwa kwekhabhoni kwezempi nezempi. Siyaqaphela ukuthi i-Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) ihlonze ukuthi kungenzeka ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kube nomthelela ezingxabanweni ezinodlame kodwa i-IPCC ayizange icabangele ukukhishwa kwegesi ngokweqile okuvela kwezempi kuya ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu. Kodwa-ke, amasosha angawona mthengi omkhulu wamafutha ezinto ezimbiwa phansi kanye ne-carbon emitter enkulu kohulumeni bamaqembu ombuso. Amasosha ase-United States angumthengi omkhulu wemikhiqizo kaphethiloli emhlabeni. I-Costs of War Project eBrown University yakhipha umbiko ngo-2019 onesihloko esithi “Pentagon Fuel Use, Climate Change, kanye Nezindleko Zempi” owabonisa ukuthi ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni kwamasosha aseMelika kukhulu kunamazwe amaningi ase-Europe. Amazwe amaningi atshala imali ezinhlelweni ezintsha zezikhali ezisebenza kuphethiloli, njengezindiza zempi, imikhumbi yempi kanye nezimoto ezihlomile, ezizobangela ukukhiya kwekhabhoni amashumi amaningi eminyaka futhi kuvimbele ukubola ngokushesha. Kodwa-ke, abanazo izinhlelo ezanele zokuqeda ukukhishwa kwezempi futhi bazuze ukungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni ngo-2050. Sicela ukuthi i-UNFCCC ifake ku-ajenda ye-COP elandelayo indaba yokukhishwa kwezempi nempi.
Ngonyaka odlule, ukusetshenziswa kwemali kwezempi emhlabeni wonke kukhuphuke kwafinyelela ku-$2.1 trillion (USD), ngokusho kweStockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI). Amazwe amahlanu asebenzisa imali enkulu kwezempi yi-United States, China, India, United Kingdom kanye neRussia. Ngo-2021, i-US yachitha ama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-801 kwezempi yayo, eyabalelwa ku-40% wezindleko zezempi zomhlaba kanye namazwe angaphezu kwayisishiyagalolunye alandelayo ehlangene. Kulo nyaka, abaphathi beBiden banyuse futhi imali esetshenziswa ezempi yase-US yafinyelela kurekhodi eliphezulu lama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-840. Ngokuphikisana nesabelomali saseMelika se-Ejensi Yokuvikela Imvelo, ebhekele ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu, ingama-$9.5 billion kuphela. Uhulumeni waseBrithani uhlela ukuphinda kabili ukusetshenziswa kwezempi ku-£ 100 bhiliyoni ngo-2030. Okubi nakakhulu, uhulumeni waseBrithani wamemezela ukuthi uzonciphisa uxhaso ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu kanye nosizo lwangaphandle ukuze kusetshenziswe imali eyengeziwe ezikhalini eziya e-Ukraine. IGermany iphinde yamemezela ukuthi izonyusa ama-euro ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-100 ekusetshenzisweni kwayo kwezempi. Kusabelomali sombuso sakamuva, iCanada yengeze isabelomali sayo sokuvikela njengamanje ku-$35 billion/ngonyaka ngamaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyisishiyagalombili kule minyaka emihlanu ezayo. Amalungu e-North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) andisa ukusetshenziswa kwezempi ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nomgomo we-GDP ongu-8%. Umbiko wakamuva wezindleko zokuvikela we-NATO ubonisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwezempi kwamazwe angamalungu ayo angamashumi amathathu kukhuphuke kakhulu kule minyaka engu-2 edlule kusuka ku-$7 billion kuya ku-$896 trillion USD ngonyaka, okungama-1.1% emali yezempi yomhlaba (Ishadi 52). Lokhu kunyuka kungaphezu kwezigidigidi ezingama-1 zamaRandi ngonyaka, okungaphezu kokuphindwe kabili kwesithembiso sokuxhasa isimo sezulu.
Ngo-2009 ku-COP 15 e-Copenhagen, amazwe aseNtshonalanga acebile enza isibophezelo sokusungula isikhwama sonyaka sezigidigidi eziyi-100 ngo-2020 ukusiza amazwe asathuthuka ukuthi avumelane nesimo sezulu, kodwa ahluleka ukuhlangabezana nalokhu okuhlosiwe. Ngo-Okthoba odlule, amazwe aseNtshonalanga aholwa yiCanada neJalimane ashicilele i-Climate Finance Delivery Plan ethi kuzothatha kuze kube ngu-2023 ukuhlangabezana nokuzibophezela kwawo ukuhlanganisa i-$ 100 billion njalo ngonyaka nge-Green Climate Fund (GCF) ukusiza amazwe ampofu ukubhekana nesimo sezulu. . Amazwe asathuthuka yiwona anomthelela omncane kule nkinga, kodwa yiwona ashaywe kanzima yisimo sezulu esibi kakhulu esibangelwa yisimo sezulu futhi adinga ngokuphuthumayo uxhaso olwanele lokuzivumelanisa nezimo nokulahlekelwa kanye nomonakalo.
Ku-COP 26 eGlasgow, amazwe acebile avumile ukuphinda kabili uxhaso lwawo lokuzivumelanisa nezimo, kodwa ahlulekile ukwenza lokho futhi ahlulekile ukuvumelana ngezimali zokulahlekelwa nokulimala. NgoNcwaba walo nyaka, i-GCF yethula umkhankaso wayo wokugcwalisa okwesibili okuvela emazweni. Lolu xhaso lubalulekile ekubhekaneni nesimo sezulu kanye noguquko olunobulungiswa olubhekele ubulili futhi oluqondiswe emiphakathini esengozini. Esikhundleni sokuqoqa imithombo yobulungisa besimo sezulu, kulo nyaka odlule, amazwe aseNtshonalanga aye anda ngokushesha imali yomphakathi esetshenziselwa izikhali nempi. Sicela ukuthi i-UNFCCC iphakamise udaba lokusebenzisa imali kwezempi njengomthombo woxhaso lwezimali ezikhungweni zokusiza isimo sezulu: i-GCF, i-Adaptation Fund, kanye Nendawo Yokulahleka Nokulimala Kwezimali.
NgoSepthemba, ngesikhathi seNgqungquthela Jikelele eNhlanganweni Yezizwe, abaholi bamazwe amaningi bakugxeka ukusetshenziswa kwemali kwezempi futhi baxhuma nenkinga yesimo sezulu. UNdunankulu waseSolomon Islands uManasseh Sogavare uthe, “Ngokudabukisayo kusetshenziswa izinsiza eziningi ezimpini kunokulwa nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, lokhu kuyishwa elikhulu.” UNgqongqoshe Wezangaphandle waseCosta Rica uNgqongqoshe Wezangaphandle WaseCosta Rica, u-Arnaldo André-Tinoco wachaza,
“Kuyinto engenakwenzeka ukuthi nakuba izigidi zabantu zisalinde imigomo, imithi noma ukudla ukuze zisindise izimpilo zabo, amazwe acebe kakhulu ayaqhubeka nokubeka phambili izinsiza zawo ngezikhali ngokulahlekelwa inhlalakahle yabantu, isimo sezulu, impilo kanye nokululama ngokulinganayo. Ngo-2021, ukusetshenziswa kwemali kwezempi emhlabeni wonke kwaqhubeka nokukhuphuka onyakeni wesikhombisa olandelanayo ukuze kufinyelele inani eliphakeme kakhulu esake salibona emlandweni. ICosta Rica namuhla iphinda ibiza ikhwelo layo lokwehliswa kancane kancane nangokuqhubekayo kwezindleko zezempi. Ngokukhula kwezikhali esizikhiqizayo, kuzophunyuka nakakhulu ngisho nemizamo yethu engcono kakhulu yokuphatha nokulawula. Imayelana nokubeka phambili izimpilo nenhlalakahle yabantu neplanethi phezu kwenzuzo ezokwenziwa ngezikhali nempi. "
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi iCosta Rica yaqeda impi yayo ngo-1949. Le ndlela yokususa impi phakathi neminyaka engu-70 edlule iholele iCosta Rica ukuba ibe umholi engxoxweni yokususa ikhabhoni kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Ngonyaka odlule e-COP 26, i-Costa Rica yethula i-“Beyond Oil and Gas Alliance” futhi izwe linganika amandla amaningi kagesi walo ezintweni ezivuselelekayo. Engqungqutheleni Jikelele ye-UN yalo nyaka, uMongameli waseColombia uGustavo Petro Urrego naye wazigxeka izimpi “ezasungulwa” e-Ukraine, e-Iraq, eLibya naseSyria futhi wathi izimpi zisebenze njengezaba zokungalwi nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Sicela ukuthi i-UNFCCC ibhekane ngqo nezinkinga ezixhumene zezempi, izimpi kanye nenkinga yesimo sezulu.
Ngonyaka odlule, ososayensi uDkt. Carlo Rovelli kanye noDkt Matteo Smerlak basungula i-Global Peace Dividend Initiative. Baphikisana esihlokweni sabo sakamuva esithi “Ukusika Okuncane Kokusetshenziswa Kwezempi Emhlabeni Kungasiza Ukukhokhela Izixazululo Zesimo Sezulu, Ezempilo Nezobumpofu” eshicilelwe ku-Scientific American ukuthi amazwe kufanele aqondise kabusha enye yezigidigidi ezimbili zamaRandi “ezimoshwa minyaka yonke emjahweni wezikhali womhlaba” ziye kuGreen. Isikhwama Sesimo Sezulu (i-GCF) nezinye izikhwama zentuthuko. Ukuthula kanye nokwehliswa kanye nokwabiwa kabusha kwezindleko zezempi ekuxhasweni kwezimali kwesimo sezulu kubalulekile ukuze kukhawulwe ukufudumala komhlaba kube ngamadigri ayi-2. Sicela i-UNFCCC Secretariat ukuthi isebenzise ihhovisi lakho ukuqwashisa ngemithelela yemali ekhishwa ezempi kanye nezindleko zezempi enkingeni yesimo sezulu. Sicela ukuthi ubeke lezi zinkinga ku-ajenda ye-COP ezayo futhi ukhiphe ucwaningo olukhethekile kanye nombiko womphakathi. Ukungqubuzana kwezikhali okunamandla ekhabhoni kanye nokukhuphuka kwemali esetshenziswa ezempi ngeke kusakwazi ukushaywa indiva uma sizimisele ngokugwema ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu okuyinhlekelele.
Okokugcina, sikholelwa ukuthi ukuthula, ukuhoxiswa kwezikhali kanye nokususwa kwezempi kubalulekile ekunciphiseni, ekuguquleni izimo, kanye nobulungiswa besimo sezulu. Singalamukela ithuba lokuhlangana nawe cishe futhi singatholakala ngemininingwane yokuxhumana yehhovisi le-WILPF ngenhla. I-WILPF izophinde ithumele ithimba ku-COP 27 futhi singajabula ukuhlangana nawe mathupha e-Egypt. Ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nezinhlangano zethu kanye nemithombo yolwazi osencwadini yethu kufakwe ngezansi. Siyibheke ngabomvu impendulo yakho. Siyabonga ngokunaka kwakho ukukhathazeka kwethu.
Ozithobayo,
UMadeleine Rees
UNobhala Jikelele
League International International for Peace and Freedom
Sean Conner
Umqondisi Omkhulu I-International Peace Bureau
UDavid Swanson Co-Founder kanye noMqondisi Omkhulu
World BEYOND War
MAYELANA NEZINHLANGANO ZETHU:
I-Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF): I-WILPF yinhlangano esekelwe ebulungwini esebenza ngezimiso zabesifazane, ngokubambisana kanye nokubambisana nezishoshovu ezingodade, amanethiwekhi, imifelandawonye, izinkundla, nezinhlangano zomphakathi. I-WILPF ineZigaba namaQembu angamalungu emazweni angaphezu kuka-40 nozakwethu emhlabeni wonke futhi indlunkulu yethu izinze e-Geneva. Umbono wethu uwumhlaba wokuthula okuhlala njalo owakhiwe phezu kwezisekelo zabesifazane zenkululeko, ubulungisa, ukungabi nabudlova, amalungelo abantu, nokulingana kwabo bonke abantu, lapho abantu, iplanethi, nazo zonke ezinye izakhamuzi zakhona ziphila ndawonye futhi zichuma ngokuzwana. I-WILPF inohlelo lokunciphisa izikhali, Ukufinyelela Intando Ebucayi esekelwe eNew York: https://www.reachingcriticalwill.org/ Ulwazi olwengeziwe lwe-WILPF: www.wilpf.org
I-International Peace Bureau (IPB): I-International Peace Bureau izinikele embonweni we-World Without War. Uhlelo lwethu lwamanje oluyinhloko lugxile Ekukhishweni Kwezikhali Zokuthuthukiswa Okusimeme futhi kulokhu, sigxile kakhulu ekwabiweni kabusha kwezindleko zempi. Sikholelwa ukuthi ngokunciphisa uxhaso lwezimali emkhakheni wezempi, imali enkulu ingakhishwa kumaphrojekthi omphakathi, ngaphakathi noma phesheya, okungaholela ekugcwalisekeni kwezidingo zangempela zomuntu kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, sisekela imikhankaso eminingi yokuhoxiswa kwezikhali futhi sinikezela ngedatha kubukhulu bezomnotho bezikhali nezingxabano. Umsebenzi wethu wokukhankasela ukuncishiswa kwezikhali zenuzi waqala ngeminyaka yawo-1980. Izinhlangano zethu ezingamalungu angama-300 emazweni angama-70, kanye namalungu ngamanye, akha inethiwekhi yomhlaba wonke, ehlanganisa ulwazi kanye nesipiliyoni sokukhankasa ngesizathu esifanayo. Sixhumanisa ochwepheshe nabameli abasebenza ezindabeni ezifanayo ukuze sakhe izinhlangano zomphakathi eziqinile. Eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, i-IPB yethula umkhankaso womhlaba wonke mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwezempi kwezempi: https://www.ipb.org/global-campaign-on-military-spending/ icela ukuncishiswa kanye nokwabiwa kabusha kwezidingo eziphuthumayo zomphakathi nezemvelo. Ulwazi olwengeziwe: www.ipb.org
World BEYOND War (WBW): World BEYOND War ngumnyakazo ongahlosile womhlaba wonke wokuqeda impi futhi usungule ukuthula okulungile futhi okuzinzile. Sihlose ukudala ukuqwashisa ngokuxhaswa okudumile kokuqeda impi futhi sithuthukise nalolo sizo. Sisebenzela ukuqhubekisela phambili umbono wokuthi singagcini nje ngokuvikela noma iyiphi impi ethile kepha sichithe sonke isikhungo. Silwela ukubuyisela isiko lempi libe linye lokuthula lapho izindlela zokungqubuzana okungezona zobubi zithathe indawo yokuchitheka kwegazi. World BEYOND War yaqalwa ngoJanuwari 1, 2014. Sinezahluko namanxusa emhlabeni jikelele. I-WBW yethule incwadi yezikhalazo yomhlaba wonke ethi “COP27: Yeka Ukungabandakanyi Ukungcola Kwezempi Esivumelwaneni Sesimo Sezulu”: https://worldbeyondwar.org/cop27/ Ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana ne-WBW lungatholakala lapha: https://worldbeyondwar.org/
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U-Rovelli, C. kanye no-Smerlak, M. (2022) "Ukunciphisa Okuncane Ekusetshenzisweni Kwezempi Kwezwe Kungasiza Ukukhokhela Izixazululo Zesimo Sezulu, Ezempilo Nezobumpofu," I-Scientific American: https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/a-small- ukusetshenziswa-kwezempi-kwezwe-kungasiza-isikhwama-izixazululo-zempilo-yesimo sezulu-kanye-nobumpofu/
I-Sabbagh, D. (2022) "Izindleko zokuvikela zase-UK ziphindwe kabili kuya ku-£100bn ngo-2030, kusho ungqongqoshe," The Guardian: https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2022/sep/25/uk-defence-spending- ku-double-to-100m-by--2030-uthi-ungqongqoshe
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