Ilungelo uMhlonishwa uJustin Trudeau
UNdunankulu waseCanada
IHhovisi likaNdunankulu
80 Wellington Street Ottawa,
NGO-K1A 0A2
June 22, 2020
Ndunankulu othandekayo uTrudeau:
Njengomuntu owasinda eHiroshima, ngadunyiswa ukwamukela ngokubambisana uMklomelo Wokuthula weNobel ngonyaka we-2017 egameni lomkhankaso Wezizwe Zokuqeda Izikhali Zenuzi. Njengoba sekusondele iminyaka engama-75 yaqhuma amabhomu e-athomu eHiroshima naseNagasaki ngo-Agasti 6 nango-9, ngibhalele bonke izinhloko zombuso emhlabeni wonke, ngibacela ukuba baqinisekise nge-UN Convention on Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons, futhi ngiyabuza ngokufanayo nohulumeni wethu.
Ngemuva kokushada nomyeni wami, uJames Thurlow, futhi saqala ukuthuthela eCanada ngo-1955, ngangivame ukuzibuza ukuthi ngabe yini iCanada ebambe iqhaza ekuthuthukisweni kwamabhomu e-athomu abangela, ekupheleni kuka-1945, ukufa kwabantu abangaphezu kwe-140,000 eHiroshima, 70,000 ekuchithekeni kweNagasaki kanye nokulimala okwesabekayo engakubona mathupha njengentombazane eneminyaka eyishumi nantathu. Ngempela kwakuyisihogo emhlabeni.
Ngiyethemba uzokwazi ukucela omunye wabasizi bakho ukuthi ahlole idokhumenti efakwe lapha, ethi “Canada ne-Atom Bomb” futhi akubike ngokuqukethwe kuyo.
Amaphuzu amakhulu alo mbhalo ukuthi iCanada, i-United States kanye ne-United Kingdom - njengabambisenezimpi phakathi neMpi Yezwe II - bebengahlangananga ngokuphelele ukukhiqiza kwabo izikhali ezivamile. ICanada nayo ibibambe iqhaza elikhulu e-Manhattan Project eyakha amabhomu e-uranium ne-plutonium atholakala eJapan. Lokhu kuhileleka ngokuqondile kwakusebenza ezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu laseCanada lezepolitiki kanye nohulumeni.
Ngenkathi uNdunankulu uMackenzie King ephethe uMongameli uRoosevelt noNdunankulu waseBrithani uWinston Churchill eQuebec City ngo-Agasti ka-1943, futhi basayina iSivumelwano SaseQuebec sokuthuthuka ngokuhlanganyela kwebhomu le-athomu, Isivumelwano - ngamazwi kaMackenzie King - "kwenza iCanada nayo neqhaza kule ntuthuko. "
Okweminyaka engu-75 yaqhuma ngamabhomu ama-athomu eHiroshima naseNagasaki ngo-Agasti 6 nango-9, ngicela ngenhlonipho ukuthi nivume ukubamba iqhaza kweCanada kanye nokunikela kulokuqhuma kwamabhomu e-athomu futhi nikhiphe isitatimende sokuzisola egameni likaHulumeni waseCanada. ukufa nokuhlupheka okubangelwa amabhomu e-athomu aqothule nya amadolobha amabili aseJapan.
Lokhu kuhileleka kukaHulumeni waseCanada (okuchazwe kumbhalo wokucwaninga onamathiselwe) kubandakanya okulandelayo:
Ungqongqoshe onamandla kunabo bonke, uM CDenzi Howe, uNgqongqoshe Wezinhlangano Nezimpahla, wamela iCanada eKomitini Lenqubomgomo elihlanganisiwe elisungulwe ukuze kuhlanganiswe imizamo ehlanganyelwe yase-United States, e-United Kingdom naseCanada ukuthuthukisa ibhomu le-athomu.
-CJ Mackenzie, uMongameli woMkhandlu Kazwelonke Wokucwaninga waseCanada, umelele eCanada ekomidini elincane lobuchwepheshe elamiswa yiKomidi Lenqubomgomo elihlanganisiwe ukuhlanganisa umsebenzi wososayensi abasebenza kumaphrojekthi waseCanada nozakwabo e-United States.
-I-National Research Council yaseCanada yaklama futhi yakha izakhi zenyukliya eMontreal Laborator yayo naseChalk River, e-Ontario, eqala ngo-1942 nango-1944, futhi yadlulisela ukutholwa kwayo kwesayensi kuManhattan Project.
-I-Eldorado Gold Mines Limited yaqala ukuhlinzeka amathani e-uranium ore kusuka emayini yayo eGreat Bear Lake eNorthwest Territories kososayensi baseBrithani nakwisazi sesayensi yemvelo saseMelika esaphenya ngokuxoshwa kwenukliya eColumbia University eNew York ngo-Okthoba we-1939.
-Uma u-Enrico Fermi ephumelela ukudala indlela yokuqala yezwe yokuzixhasa e-University of Chicago ngoDisemba 2, 1942, wasebenzisa i-uranium yaseCanada evela e-Eldorado.
-Ngokweseluleko sikaCJ Mackenzie kanye ne-CD Howe, i-Order eyimfihlo eMkhandlwini ngoJulayi 15, 1942, babekela ama- $ 4,900,000 75,500,000 [ama- $ 2020 XNUMX ngamadola angama-XNUMX] kuHulumeni waseCanada ukuba athenge isitoko esanele sase-Elgorado ukuze alawule inkampani.
-U-Eldorado wasayina izinkontileka ezikhethekile ne-Manhattan Project ngoJulayi nangoDisemba wango-1942 ngamathani angama-350 e-uranium ore futhi kamuva ngamathani angama-500.
-Uhulumeni waseCanada wenza izwe lakwa-Eldorado Mining and Refining Limited ngoJanuwari 1944, laguqula inkampani yaba yiCrown Corporation ukuze ivikele i-uranium yaseCanada ngeManhattan Project. ICD Howe ithe "isenzo sikahulumeni sokuthatha i-Eldorado Mining and smelting Company iyingxenye yohlelo lokuthuthuka kwebhomu."
-Imishini yokuhlanza i-Eldorado ePort Hope, e-Ontario, kwakuwukuphela komshini eNyakatho Melika okwakungacolisiswa i-uranium ore evela eBelgian Congo, inqwaba yayo (kanye ne-Canadian Uranium) yayisetshenziswa ekwenzeni amabhomu e-Hiroshima neNagasaki.
-Ngokwelulekwa yi-CD Howe, The Consolidated Mining and smelting Company in Trail, BC yasayina izinkontileka ne-Manhattan Project ngoNovemba wonyaka we-1942 ukukhiqiza amanzi asindayo ukuze izimboni zenyukliya zikhiqize i-plutonium.
-U-General Leslie Groves, inhloko yamasosha eManhattan Project, wabhala emlandweni wakhe manje i-Can It Told, "kwakukhona cishe ososayensi baseCanada abangaba ishumi nambili kuProjekthi."
Lapho uNdunankulu uMackenzie King etshelwa ngo-Agasti 6, 1945 ukuthi ibhomu le-athomu lilahliwe kuHiroshima, wabhala kwidayari yakhe ethi: “Manje siyabona ukuthi yini okungenzeka ukuthi yafika emncintiswaneni waseBrithani uma ososayensi baseJalimane bewungenele lo mjaho [ukuthuthukisa i-athomu ibhomu]. Kuyinhlanhla ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwaleli bhomu bekufanele ngabe kuseJapan kunakuzo izinhlanga zabelungu zaseYurophu. ”
Ngo-Agasti wonyaka we-1998, ithimba elivela eDeline, e-NWT, lalimele abazingeli bakwaDene kanye nabacuphi babesebenzisa u-Eldorado ukuba baphathe amasaka e-radioactive uranium ore emhlane wabo ukuze bayothuthwa baye e-Eldorado Refresh ePort Hope baya eHiroshima bezwakalisa ukuzisola kwabo ngokungazi iqhaza ekwakhiweni kwebhomu le-athomu. Abaningi uDene bona uqobo babulawa ngumdlavuza ngenxa yokuchayeka kwabo e-uranium ore, beshiya iDeline idolobhana labafelokazi.
Impela, uHulumeni waseCanada kufanele enze ukwazisa kwakhe ngeqhaza laseCanada ekwakhiweni kwamabhomu e-athomu abhubhisa iHiroshima neNagasaki. Abantu baseCanada banelungelo lokwazi ukuthi uhulumeni wethu wabamba iqhaza kanjani kuMsebenzi waseManhattan owathuthukisa izikhali zenuzi zokuqala emhlabeni.
Kusukela ngo-1988, ngenkathi uNdunankulu uBrian Mulroney exolisa ngokusemthethweni kwi-House of Commons ngokuvalelwa kwabantu baseJapan-baseCanada phakathi neMpi Yezwe Yesibili, uHulumeni waseCanada uvumile futhi waxolisa ngenqwaba yamaphutha angokomlando. Lokhu kufaka nokuxolisa eNhlanganweni Yokuqala ngohlelo lwesikole saseCanada esihlukanisa izingane ezincane emindenini yazo futhi zifuna ukubaphuca izilimi namasiko abo.
UNdunankulu uMulroney uxolisile ngokufakwa emaNtaliyane “njengabafokazi bezitha” phakathi neMpi Yezwe II. UNdunankulu uStephen Harper waxolisa eNdlini ngentela ekhokhwa yiChina eyabekwa izifiki zaseChina phakathi konyaka we-1885 no-1923.
Nawe uqobo uvumile futhi waxolisa eNdlini ngalesi sigameko se-Komagata Maru lapho ukuvinjwa kwemikhumbi kwabokufika abavela eNdiya kwenqatshelwa ukuthi kungafika eVancouver ngo-1914. Y
Ubuye waxolisa eNdlwini ngesinqumo sikaNdunankulu uMackenzie King ngonyaka we-1939 ukwenqaba isicelo sokukhoseliswa kumaJuda aseJalimane angaphezu kuka-900 abalekela amaNazi ayesemkhunjini iSt. Louis, angama-254 kuwo ashonela ekuQothulweni Kwesizwe lapho ephoqelelwa ukuthi abuyele eJalimane .
Ubuye waxolisa futhi eNdlu ngokubandlululwa kombuso ngokwahlulela okwedlule ngokwahlukana kwabesilisa abathandana nabesilisa nabesilisa abathandana nabobulili obufana nobakhe, abathandana nabesilisa abathandana nabobulili obufanayo, eCanada.
U-Eldorado wafaka uphawu lwesamente endaweni yemayini yayo ePort Radium eyayifundeka ngosonhlamvukazi, “Le mayini yavulwa kabusha ngo-1942 ukuze ithumele i-uranium eManhattan Project (ukwakhiwa kwebhomu le-athomu).” Kepha lokhu kwaziswa ngabantu baseCanada ngokubamba iqhaza okuqondile kwezwe lethu ekuqhumeni kwamabhomu e-athomu eHiroshima naseNagasaki sekunyamalale ekuqapheleni kwethu ngokubambisana.
Ubaba wakho, uNdunankulu uPierre Trudeau, ngesibindi waletha ukuhoxiswa kwezikhali zenyukliya zaseMelika eCanada. Bengikhona engqungqutheleni yokuqala ye-UN General Assembly nge-Disarmament ngoMeyi 26, 1978 lapho, ngendlela entsha yokuthola isikhali, wagqugquzela "isu lokuthola ukwanela" njengendlela yokumisa nokubuyisa umjaho wezikhali zenuzi phakathi kwe-United States. kanye neSoviet Union.
“Ngakho-ke, asisiwona kuphela umhlaba wokuqala emhlabeni onamandla okukhiqiza izikhali zenuzi ezikhethe ukungakwenzi lokho,” futhi siseyizwe lokuqala elihlome ngezikhali zenuzi ukuthi likhethe ukuzikhipha ezingalweni zenuzi. ” Kwangihlaba umxhwele futhi kwangijabulisa ngenkulumo yakhe eya kwiNhlangano Yezikhali ye-UN, ngakho-ke ngethemba lokuthi isinyathelo sakhe sesibindi sasiyoholela ekunqandeni izingalo zenuzi.
Njengoba i-United States neRussia imemezela izinhlelo eziyingozi kakhulu zokulethwa kwezikhali zenuzi kanye nokwenziwa ngcono kwamasosha abo enuzi - kanye ne-US icabanga ukuthi iqhubeke nokuhlolwa kwenyukliya - amaphimbo amasha okudalulwa kwezikhali zenuzi adingeka ngokushesha.
Uqinisekisile ukuthi iCanada ibuyele ekukhulumeni kwamazwe aphesheya. Isikhumbuzo sokusondela kweminyaka engama-75 sokuqhuma kwamabhomu e-athomu eHiroshima naseNagasaki mhlaka 6 Agasti no-9 kuzoba yisikhathi esifanele sokuvuma iqhaza elibalulekile laseCanada ekwakhiweni kwezikhali zenuzi, ukuzwakalisa isitatimende sokuzisola ngokufa kanye nokuhlupheka abakubangela eHiroshima naseNagasaki , kanye nokumemezela ukuthi iCanada izokwazisa i-UN Convention on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons.
Owakho ngokuzithandela,
Setsuko Thurlow
I-CM, i-MSW
