Ibhalwe nguPeter Maass, I-Intercept, November 7, 2022
Izimpi zase-Iraq nase-Afghanistan zashintsha isizukulwane samakadebona, iningi labo elibhekene necala lokuvukela umbuso namanye amacala.
NATHAN BEDFORD FORREST wayengomunye wojenene abanolaka kakhulu esizukulwaneni sakhe, futhi ngemva kokuba inkonzo yakhe yezempi iphelile ngendlela ebuhlungu, waya ekhaya eTennessee futhi wathola indlela entsha yokulwa. Ujenene ohluliwe ebuthweni le-Confederate, uForrest wajoyina i-Ku Klux Klan futhi waqanjwa ngokuthi "umthakathi omkhulu."
UForrest wayeseqenjini lokuqala lomakadebona baseMelika abaphendukela ekubeni yizigebengu zasekhaya lapho sebebuyele ekhaya. Kwenzeka futhi ngemva kwalokho IMpi Yezwe I neyesiBili, ngemva kwezimpi zaseKorea naseVietnam - futhi kwenzeka ngemuva kwezimpi zase-Iraq nase-Afghanistan. Icala lokuvukela umbuso eliqhubeka eWashington, DC, lihlanganisa abamangalelwa abahlanu abasolwa ngokuzama ukuketula uhulumeni ngoJanuwari 6, 2021, kanti abane bangomakadebona, okuhlanganisa. Stewart Rhodes, owasungula ibutho lezempi elithi Oath Keepers. NgoZibandlela, elinye icala lokuvukela umbuso limiselwe amalungu amahlanu ombutho wamasosha aProud Boys - amane kuwo abengamasosha.
Iphuzu lapha akukhona ukuthi bonke noma omakadebona abaningi bayingozi. Labo abenza ukushisekela kwesokudla bayingxenye yabantu baseMelika abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-18 abake basebenza ebuthweni elihlomile futhi babuyela empilweni ngaphandle kokuhileleka odlameni lwezombusazwe. Kubantu abangama-897 abasolwa ngemuva kokuvukela umbuso kwangoJanuwari 6, abangu-118 banezizinda zezempi, ngokusho kombiko. Uhlelo lwe-Extremism eGeorge Washington University. Iphuzu liwukuthi inani elincane lomakadebona linomthelela omkhulu odlameni lwabamhlophe, ngenxa yenhlonipho ephuma enkonzweni yabo yezempi. Nakuba bengabahlinzeki benqwaba yodokotela bezilwane abagcina umthetho, bangamatende okwesaba ekhaya.
“Lapho laba bafana behileleka ezenzweni ezeqisayo, badubula phezulu futhi baphumelela kakhulu ekubutheni abantu abaningi ukuba bahlanganyele kulo mkhankaso,” kuphawula uMichael Jensen, umcwaningi omkhulu eNyuvesi yaseMaryland's Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism. .
Lokhu kuwumphumela womphakathi wethu ohlonipha ibutho elikhulu futhi uya empini ngezikhathi ezithile: Iminyaka engu-50 yokugcina yobushokobezi obusa kwesokudla ubuswe ngamadoda anezizinda zempi. Okubi kakhulu, kwakukhona umakadebona weGulf War uTimothy McVeigh, owaqhumisa ibhomu lase-Oklahoma City ngo-1995 elabulala abantu abangu-168. Kwakukhona u-Eric Rudolph, udokotela wezilwane owatshala amabhomu kuma-Olympics e-Atlanta ka-1996 kanye nemitholampilo emibili yokuhushula izisu kanye nendawo yokuphuzela utshwala. Kade kukhona Louis Beam, umakadebona waseVietnam kanye noKlansman owaba umbonisi omnyama wenhlangano yamandla amhlophe ngeminyaka yawo-1980 futhi waquliswa icala lokuvukela umbuso ngo-1988 (wakhululwa, kanye nabanye abamangalelwa abangu-13). Uhlu cishe alupheli: Umsunguli we-neo-Nazi Atomwaffen Division wayengudokotela wezilwane, kuyilapho umsunguli we-Base, elinye iqembu lama-neo-Nazi, wayengumsunguli we-Base. usonkontileka wezobunhloli kwezempi yase-US e-Iraq nase-Afghanistan. Futhi indoda ehlaselwa Lokhu ihhovisi le-FBI eCincinnati ngemuva kokuthi ama-federal agents asesha ikhaya laseMar-a-Lago likaMongameli wangaphambili uDonald Trump ngo-Agasti - ubuqagele - umakadebona.
Eduze nodlame, abantu ababalulekile kwezombangazwe baqhamuka embuthweni wezempi futhi bayaziqhenya ngomsebenzi wabo wesikhathi sempi, njengalowo owayenguJenene uMichael Flynn, oseqhamuke njengomgqugquzeli osezingeni eliphezulu we-QAnon-ish conspiracy theory kanye ne-QAnon-ish. ophika ukhetho. E-New Hampshire, u-Gen. Donald Bolduc wangaphambili uyikhandidethi le-GOP kuSenethi futhi ungumsakazi wemibono yokuhlanya ehlanganisa umbono wokuthi izingane zesikole zivunyelwe ukukhomba njengamakati futhi zisebenzise amabhokisi kadoti (yenza usesho lwewebhu lwe-“Bolduc litter box”) . U-Doug Mastriano, oqokelwe esikhundleni sikagubernatorial we-GOP, kubikwa ukuthi “khomba umuntu” ngohlelo lukaTrump lwabavoti mbumbulu ePennsylvania, wembethe umkhankaso wakhe ngezithombe eziningi zezempi kangangokuthi iPentagon wamtshela ukuyishayela emuva.
“Kungani” kwaleli phethini kuyinkimbinkimbi. Lapho izimpi zicwila emangeni amaningi asezingeni eliphezulu nokufa okungenanjongo njengaseVietnam, Iraq, nase-Afghanistan, akukho ukushoda kwezizathu ezinhle zokuthi omakadebona bazizwe bekhashelwe uhulumeni wabo. Ukushiya insizakalo kungaba yinqubo enzima ngisho nangaphandle kwalowo mthwalo. Ngemva kweminyaka esikhungweni esilethe ukuhleleka nenjongo ezimpilweni zabo - futhi esachaza umhlaba ngendlela elula yokuhlukanisa okuhle nokubi - omakadebona bangazizwa besekhaya futhi balangazelele injongo nobungane ababenabo kwezempi. Njengamabutho akhethekile umakadebona owaphenduka intatheli uJack Murphy wabhala kozakwabo abawela ku-QAnon neminye imiqondo yokuhlangana, “Uba yingxenye yenhlangano yabantu abanomqondo ofanayo, ulwa nobubi ngombono wezwe osukhululekile ngawo. Manje uyazi ukuthi kungani ungayiqapheli iMelika, hhayi ngoba wawunombono oyisiphukuphuku ngayo kusukela ekuqaleni, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi iye yabukelwa phansi yiqembu likaSathane.”
Kukhona ukusonteka okwengeziwe ukuthi isazi-mlando Kathleen Belew uveza: ukuthi nakuba indima yomakadebona ekwesabeni kwasekhaya ingaziswa kangako, akubona bodwa abangaphazanyiswa yimpi.
"Isici esikhulu kunazo zonke [ezenzweni zobushokobezi basekhaya] sibonakala kungeyona into ebesivame ukuyicabanga, kungaba ubuzwe, ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe, ubumpofu, imithetho emikhulu yamalungelo abantu," kuphawula uBelew esitatimendeni. i-podcast yakamuva. “Kubonakala kuwumphumela wempi. Lokhu kubalulekile hhayi kuphela ngenxa yokuba khona komakadebona kanye namasosha asebenzayo ngaphakathi kwala maqembu. Kodwa ngicabanga ukuthi kukhombisa okuthile okukhulu, okuwukuthi isilinganiso sobudlova bazo zonke izinhlobo emphakathini wethu siyakhula ngemva kwempi. Leso silinganiso sinqamula abesilisa nabesifazane, sidlulela kubantu abake bakhonza nabangazange basebenze, sidlulela esigabeni sobudala. Kukhona okuthile ngathi sonke okutholakala kakhulu ngezenzo zobudlova ngemva kwezingxabano.”
Ngo-2005 impi eyayibizwa ngokuthi yi-war on terror kwaba kulungisisiwe nguMongameli uGeorge W. Bush “njengokuyisa impi kumaphekula phesheya ukuze kungadingeki sibhekane nawo lapha ekhaya.” Okuxakayo ukuthi lezo zimpi - okuyinto izindleko izigidigidi zamaRandi futhi kwabulala amakhulu ezinkulungwane zezakhamizi - esikhundleni salokho kwashintsha isizukulwane sabashisekeli baseMelika okuzothi eminyakeni ezayo bazodala udlame ezweni obekufanele balivikele. Leli elinye futhi icala elimangalisayo okufanele abaholi bethu bezepolitiki nabezempi babhekane nokuziphindiselela komlando.
