Isikweletu: Getty Images
NguMedea Benjamin noNicolas JS Davies, World BEYOND War, Januwari 19, 2022
UMongameli Biden kanye namaDemocrats babenjalo egxeka kakhulu wenqubomgomo kaMongameli uTrump wezangaphandle, ngakho-ke bekunengqondo ukulindela ukuthi iBiden izolungisa ngokushesha imithelela yayo emibi kakhulu. Njengelungu eliphakeme lokuphatha kuka-Obama, uBiden ubengadingi sikole ngezivumelwano zika-Obama neCuba ne-Iran, zombili ezaqala ukuxazulula izinkinga zenqubomgomo yezangaphandle osekunesikhathi eside futhi zanikeza amamodeli wokugcizelela kabusha idiplomacy iBiden eyayithembisa.
Okudabukisayo kweMelika kanye nomhlaba wonke, uBiden wehlulekile ukubuyisela izinhlelo zika-Obama eziqhubekayo, futhi esikhundleni salokho usephinde waphindeka kabili emigomeni eminingi kaTrump eyingozi kakhulu neqeda amandla. Kuyaxaka futhi kuyadabukisa ikakhulukazi ukuthi umongameli owagijima wagijima kangaka ngenxa yokuhluka kuTrump ube manqikanqika ukuguqula imigomo yakhe yokuhlehla. Manje ukwehluleka kwamaDemocrats ukufeza izithembiso zawo maqondana nenqubomgomo yasekhaya neyangaphandle kwehlisa amathuba awo okhethweni lwaphakathi nonyaka kaNovemba.
Nakhu ukuhlola kwethu ukuphatha kukaBiden izindaba eziyishumi ezibalulekile zenqubomgomo yezangaphandle:
1. Ukwandisa usizi lwabantu base-Afghanistan. Mhlawumbe kuwuphawu lwezinkinga zenqubomgomo yezangaphandle kaBiden ukuthi impumelelo yesignali yonyaka wakhe wokuqala ehhovisi kwaba isinyathelo esethulwe nguTrump, sokuhoxisa iMelika empini yayo yeminyaka engama-20 e-Afghanistan. Kepha ukuqaliswa kukaBiden kwale nqubomgomo kungcoliswe yi- ukwehluleka okufanayo ukuqonda i-Afghanistan eyabulala futhi yabamba okungenani iziphathimandla ezintathu zangaphambili kanye nokuhlala kwezempi kwe-US iminyaka engu-20, okuholela ekubuyiselweni ngokushesha kukahulumeni weTaliban kanye nezinxushunxushu zethelevishini zokuhoxiswa kwe-US.
Manje, esikhundleni sokusiza abantu base-Afghan ukuthi balulame emashumini amabili eminyaka embubhiso eyenziwe yi-US, uBiden usebambile. $ 9.4 billion ezindaweni zokugcina imali zakwamanye amazwe zase-Afghan, kuyilapho abantu base-Afghanistan behlupheka ngenxa yenkinga yobuntu. Kunzima ukucabanga ukuthi uDonald Trump angaba kanjani nonya noma ukuziphindiselela.
2. Ukubangela inkinga neRussia mayelana ne-Ukraine. Unyaka wokuqala ka-Biden ehhovisi uphetha ngokudlondlobala okuyingozi kwezingxabano emngceleni weRussia/Ukraine, isimo esisongela ukuqubuka engxabanweni yezempi phakathi kwamazwe amabili ahlome ngezikhali zenuzi emhlabeni wonke—i-United States neRussia. I-United States inomthwalo wemfanelo omkhulu kule nkinga ngokusekela i- ukuketula ngobudlova kahulumeni okhethiwe wase-Ukraine ngo-2014, esekela Ukunwetshwa kwe-NATO kuze kufike emngceleni waseRussia, futhi ukuzivikela futhi ukuqeqeshwa Amabutho ase-Ukraine.
Ukwehluleka kukaBiden ukuvuma ukukhathazeka okusemthethweni kwezokuphepha kweRussia kuholele enkingeni ekhona, kanti amaCold Warriors ngaphakathi kokuphatha kwakhe asabisa iRussia esikhundleni sokuphakamisa izindlela ezibambekayo zokudambisa lesi simo.
3. Izingxabano ezikhulayo zeMpi Yomshoshaphansi kanye nomjaho wezikhali oyingozi neChina. UMongameli uTrump wethule impi yentela neChina eyalimaza amazwe womabili ngokomnotho, futhi yabusa umjaho oyingozi weMpi Yomshoshaphansi kanye nezikhali neChina neRussia ukuze kuthethelelwe isabelomali sezempi sase-US esilokhu sikhula njalo.
Emva a iminyaka eyishumi yezindleko zezempi zase-US ezingakaze zibonwe kanye nokwanda kwezempi okunolaka ngaphansi kukaBush II kanye no-Obama, i-US "pivot to Asia" yazungeza iChina ngezempi, iyiphoqa ukuthi itshale emibuthweni yezokuvikela eqinile nezikhali ezithuthukile. UTrump yena, wasebenzisa izivikelo eziqinisiwe zaseChina njengezaba zokwenyuka kwemali esetshenziswa ezempi yase-US, wethula umjaho omusha wezikhali okhuphule izikhali. ingozi ekhona yempi yenuzi ezingeni elisha.
I-Biden ikhulise lezi zingxabano eziyingozi zamazwe ngamazwe. Ngokuhambisana nengozi yempi, izinqubomgomo zakhe ezinolaka ezibhekiswe eChina ziholele ekwenyukeni okubi kobugebengu benzondo kubantu base-Asia baseMelika, futhi kwadala izithiyo ekusebenzisaneni obekudingeka kakhulu neChina ukubhekana nokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu, ubhubhane kanye nezinye izinkinga zomhlaba.
4. Ukulahla isivumelwano sika-Obama senuzi ne-Iran. Ngemuva kokuthi unswinyo lukaMongameli u-Obama ngokumelene ne-Iran luhlulekile ngokuphelele ukuliphoqa ukuthi limise uhlelo lwayo lwenuzi, ekugcineni wathatha indlela eqhubekayo, eyaholela esivumelwaneni senuzi se-JCPOA ngo-2015. I-Iran yahlangabezana ngokucophelela nazo zonke izibopho zayo ngaphansi kwesivumelwano, kodwa uTrump wahoxa. I-United States isuka ku-JCPOA ngo-2018. Ukuhoxa kukaTrump kwagxekwa kakhulu amaDemocrats, okuhlanganisa no-Candidate Biden, kanye noSenator Sanders. ethembisiwe ukuze ajoyine kabusha i-JCPOA ngosuku lwakhe lokuqala ehhovisi uma eba umongameli.
Esikhundleni sokubuyela ngokushesha esivumelwaneni esisebenzele zonke izinhlangothi, abaphathi beBiden bacabange ukuthi kungacindezela i-Iran ukuthi ixoxisane "ngesivumelwano esingcono." Abantu base-Irani ababecasulwe esikhundleni bakhetha uhulumeni obambele kakhudlwana futhi i-Iran yaqhubekela phambili ekuthuthukiseni uhlelo lwayo lwenuzi.
Ngemuva konyaka, nangemva kwemizuliswano eyisishiyagalombili ye-shuttle diplomacy eVienna, uBiden usekwenzile namanje akajoyinanga futhi isivumelwano. Ukuqeda unyaka wakhe wokuqala eWhite House ngokusatshiswa ngenye impi yaseMiddle East kwanele ukunikeza uBiden u-“F” ku-diplomacy.
5. Ukusekela I-Big Pharma Ngomuthi Wabantu. U-Biden uthathe izintambo njengoba imithi yokuqala yokugomela i-Covid yayivunywa futhi isatshalaliswa e-United States nasemhlabeni wonke. Ukungalingani okukhulu ekusabalaleni kokugoma emhlabeni wonke phakathi kwamazwe acebile nampofu kwabonakala ngokushesha futhi kwaziwa ngokuthi “ubandlululo lokugoma.”
Esikhundleni sokukhiqiza nokusabalalisa imithi yokugoma ngendlela engenzi nzuzo yokubhekana nalolu bhubhane njengenkinga yezempilo yomphakathi emhlabeni jikelele, i-United States namanye amazwe aseNtshonalanga bakhethe ukugcina wongxiwankulu ohlulekile umbuso wamalungelo obunikazi kanye nokubusa kwezinkampani ekwenziweni nasekusatshalalisweni komgomo. Ukwehluleka ukuvula ukukhiqizwa nokusatshalaliswa kwemithi yokugoma emazweni ampofu kwanikeza igciwane le-Covid amandla okusakazeka nokushintshashintsha, okuholela kumagagasi amasha okutheleleka emhlabeni wonke nokufa okuvela ezinhlobonhlobo ze-Delta ne-Omicron.
UBiden uvumile kade ukusekela ukukhishwa kwelungelo lobunikazi lokugomela i-Covid ngaphansi kwemithetho yeWorld Trade Organisation (WTO), kodwa engenalo uhlelo lwangempela “Umuthi Wabantu,” Imvume kaBiden ayenzanga mthelela ezigidini zokufa okungavinjelwa.
6. Ukuqinisekisa ukufudumala komhlaba okuyinhlekelele ku-COP26 e-Glasgow. Ngemuva kokuthi uTrump eshaye indiva ngenkani inkinga yesimo sezulu iminyaka emine, abezemvelo bakhuthazeka lapho uBiden esebenzisa izinsuku zakhe zokuqala ehhovisi ukuze ajoyine isivumelwano sesimo sezulu saseParis futhi ahoxise i-Keystone XL Pipeline.
Kepha ngesikhathi uBiden efika eGlasgow, wayesevumele isizinda sohlelo lwakhe lwesimo sezulu, iClean Energy Performance Programme (CEPP), ukuthi kukhunyulwe womthethosivivinywa weBuild Back Better kuKhongolose ngokuyalwa ngunodoli wemboni yamafutha ezinsalela ezimbiwa phansi uJoe Manchin, ephendula isibambiso sase-US sokuncishiswa ngo-50% sisuka ekukhiqizweni kuka-2005 ngo-2030 sibe isithembiso esingenalutho.
Inkulumo kaBiden eGlasgow igqamise ukwehluleka kweChina neRussia, inganaki ukusho ukuthi i-United States ukukhishwa okuphezulu ngomuntu ngamunye kunabo bonke. Ngisho noma iCOP26 yenzeka, abaphathi beBiden bacasule izishoshovu ngokubeka uwoyela negesi iqashisa ngendali yamahektha angama-730,000 e-American West kanye namahektare ayizigidi ezingama-80 eGulf of Mexico. Umaki wonyaka owodwa, uBiden ukhulume le nkulumo, kepha uma kukhulunywa ngokubhekana neBig Oil, akahambi ohambeni, futhi umhlaba wonke uyakhokha inani.
7. Ukushushiswa kwezombangazwe kukaJulian Assange, uDaniel Hale kanye no-Guantanamo bahlukumeza izisulu. Ngaphansi kukaMongameli uBiden, i-United States isalokhu iyizwe lapho i- ukubulala okuhleliwe wezakhamuzi kanye nobunye ubugebengu bempi abajeziswa, kuyilapho ababibibi abaqunga isibindi sokudalula la macala asabekayo emphakathini bashushiswa futhi baboshwe njengeziboshwa zezombusazwe.
NgoJulayi 2021, lowo owayengumshayeli wama-drone uDaniel Hale wagwetshwa izinyanga ezingama-45 ebhadla ejele ngokudalula ukubulawa kwezakhamizi eMelika. Izimpi ze-drone. WikiLeaks umshicileli UJulian Assange usaboshiwe ejele laseBelmarsh eNgilandi, ngemuva kweminyaka eyi-11 elwa nokubuyiselwa e-United States ngokudalula i-US ubugebengu bempi.
Ngemva kweminyaka engamashumi amabili lamisa ikamu lokuhlushwa elingekho emthethweni eGuantanamo Bay, eCuba, ukuze libophe abantu abangu-779 abaningi abangenacala abathunjwa emhlabeni jikelele, Kusele iziboshwa ezingama-39 lapho ekuboshweni ngokungemthetho, ngaphandle kokwahlulela. Ngaphandle kwezithembiso zokuvala lesi sahluko esibi somlando wase-US, ijele lisasebenza futhi i-Biden ivumela i-Pentagon ukuthi empeleni yakhe inkantolo entsha, evaliwe e-Guantanamo ukuze kugcinwe kalula ukusebenza kwaleli gulag kufihliwe ukuze kubhekwe umphakathi.
8. Impi yokuvimbezela umnotho kubantu baseCuba, eVenezuela nakwamanye amazwe. UTrump uhlehlisele phansi izinguquko zika-Obama eCuba futhi waqaphela uJuan Guaidó ongakhethwanga njengo “mongameli” waseVenezuela, njengoba i-United States iqinisa izikulufu emnothweni wayo ngezijeziso “zengcindezi enkulu”.
UBiden uqhubekile nempi kaTrump ehlulekile yokuvimbezela kwezomnotho emazweni amelana nemithetho yombuso wase-US, ezwisa abantu bawo ubuhlungu obungapheli ngaphandle kokufaka ingozi enkulu, ingasaphathwa eyokuwisa ohulumeni bawo. Izijeziso ezinonya zase-US kanye nemizamo yokushintsha umbuso kwehlulekile jikelele amashumi eminyaka, esebenza ikakhulukazi ukubukela phansi izifakazelo zentando yeningi kanye namalungelo abantu e-United States.
UJuan Guaidó manje usengumongameli okungadumile kakhulu abaphikisi eVenezuela, kanye nezinhlangano zangempela ezimelene nokungenelela kwe-US ziletha ohulumeni abathandwayo bentando yeningi kanye nezenhlalakahle eLatin America, eBolivia, ePeru, eChile, eHonduras - mhlawumbe naseBrazil ngo-2022.
9. Isasekela impi yaseSaudi Arabia eYemen kanye nombusi wayo oyingcindezelo. Ngaphansi kukaTrump, amaDemocrats kanye nedlanzana lamaRepublicans kuCongress kancane kancane bakha iningi lama-bipartisan elivotele ukuhoxisa ku umfelandawonye oholwa yiSaudi uhlasela iYemen futhi ume ukuthumela izingalo ukuya eSaudi Arabia. UTrump uvotele imizamo yabo, kepha ukunqoba okhethweni lweDemokhrasi ngo-2020 bekufanele kuholele ekupheleni kwempi kanye nenkinga yobuntu eYemen.
Esikhundleni salokho, uBiden wakhipha kuphela umyalo wokuthi ayeke ukuthengisa "Ukucasula” izikhali eziya eSaudi Arabia, ngaphandle kokulichaza ngokucacile lelo gama, futhi saqhubeka nokulungisa i-$650 Izigidigidi million ukudayiswa kwezikhali. I-United States isayeseka impi yaseSaudi, njengoba inkinga yobuntu eholelayo ibulala izinkulungwane zezingane zaseYemeni. Futhi ngaphandle kwesithembiso sikaBiden sokuphatha umholi ononya kaSaudis, i-MBS, njengeqembu, uBiden wenqabile ngisho nokujezisa i-MBS ngokubulala kwakhe ngesihluku. Washington Post intatheli uJamal Khashoggi.
10. Usabambe iqhaza ekuhlaliseni abantu bakwa-Israyeli ngokungemthetho, ezindaweni zokuhlala kanye nobugebengu bempi. I-United States ingumdayisi omkhulu wezikhali wakwa-Israel, futhi i-Israel ihola kakhulu emhlabeni wonke ukuthola usizo lwezempi lwase-US (cishe amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezine ngonyaka), naphezu kokuhlala kwayo ngokungemthetho ePalestine, elahlwa kakhulu. ubugebengu bempi eGaza kanye ukuhlala ngokungemthetho isakhiwo. Usizo lwezempi lwase-US nokuthengiswa kwezikhali kwa-Israyeli kwephula ngokusobala i-US Leahy Imithetho futhi Umthetho Wokulawulwa Kwempahla Ethengiswayo.
UDonald Trump wayegqamile ekwedeleni kwakhe amalungelo asePalestine, okuhlanganisa nokususa iNxusa laseMelika eTel Aviv ukuya endaweni eseJerusalema ingxenye kuphela ngaphakathi komngcele wakwa-Israel owaziwa umhlaba wonke, isinyathelo esathukuthelisa amaPalestine futhi sabangela ukulahlwa komhlaba wonke.
Kepha akukho okushintshile ngaphansi kweBiden. Isikhundla sase-US ku-Israel nePalestine asikho emthethweni futhi siyaphikisana njengakuqala, futhi iNxusa leNxusa laseMelika kwa-Israel lisalokhu lisemhlabeni ohlalwe ngokungemthetho. NgoMeyi, uBiden wasekela ukuhlasela kwa-Israyeli kwakamuva eGaza, okwabulala Ama-Palestinaans e-256, ingxenye yabo ingabantu abavamile, kuhlanganise nezingane ezingu-66.
Isiphetho
Ingxenye ngayinye yale nqubomgomo yezangaphandle ibiza izimpilo zabantu futhi idala ukungazinzi kwesifunda-ngisho nasemhlabeni jikelele. Kuzo zonke izimo, ezinye izinqubomgomo eziqhubekayo zitholakala kalula. Okuwukuphela kwento entulekayo yintando yezombangazwe kanye nokuzimela ngaphandle kwezinhloso zenkohlakalo.
I-United States ichithe ingcebo engakaze ibonwe, umusa womhlaba wonke kanye nesikhundla esiyingqopha-mlando sobuholi bamazwe ngamazwe ukuphishekela izifiso zombuso ezingafinyeleleki, zisebenzisa amandla ezempi nezinye izinhlobo zobudlova nokuphoqelela ukwephula okusobala kwe-UN Charter kanye nomthetho wamazwe ngamazwe.
Umuntu ongenele ukhetho uBiden uthembise ukubuyisela isikhundla saseMelika sobuholi bomhlaba, kodwa esikhundleni salokho usephindaphindeke kabili ezinqubweni lapho iMelika yalahlekelwa yileso sikhundla kwasekuqaleni, ngaphansi kokulandelana kokuphatha kweRiphabhulikhi neDemocratic Alliance. UTrump ubemane nje eyisishoshovu sakamuva emjahweni waseMelika ukuya phansi.
I-Biden ichithe unyaka obalulekile iphindeka kabili kuzinqubomgomo ezihlulekile zikaTrump. Onyakeni ozayo, sithemba ukuthi umphakathi uzokhumbuza iBiden ngokuyizonda kwakhe impi ejulile nokuthi uzophendula—yize ngokunqikaza—ngokusebenzisa izindlela eziqinile nezinengqondo.
UMedea uBenjamin uhlanganisa CODEPINK for Ukuthula, nombhali wezincwadi eziningana, kufaka phakathi Ngaphakathi kwe-Iran: Umlando Weqiniso Nezombangazwe YeRiphabhulikhi Yase-Islamic yase-Iran.
UNicolas JS Davies yintatheli ezimele, umcwaningi we-CODEPINK kanye nomlobi we Igazi ezandleni Zethu: I-American Invasion kanye nokubhujiswa kwe-Iraq.
