NguNicolas JS Davies, ngoFebhuwari 18, 2020
Umhlaba ulinde ngokukhathazeka ukubona ukuthi ohulumeni base-US nabase-Afghan kanye neTaliban bangavuma yini lokho isonto elilodwa lokho kungabeka inkundla yokuyeka ukulwa “unomphela futhi okuphelele” nokuhoxa kwe-US namanye amabutho angaphandle e-Afghanistan. Kungenzeka yini ukuthi izinkulumo zibe ngezeqiniso ngalesi sikhathi, noma zizophenduka zibe ngesinye nje ukubhema ukulutha kukaMongameli Trump ku ukubulala kwabantu futhi osaziwayo whack-a-mole?
Uma lokhu kumisa kwenzeka ngempela, akekho umuntu oyojabula ukwedlula abase-Afghanistan abalwa befa empini leyo eyachazwa yintatheli ye-BBC “njengempi yethu.” Amasosha kahulumeni wase-Afghanistan kanye namaphoyisa ahlukumezeka kakhulu empini yatshela i-BBC ukuthi abalweli inzondo ngamaTaliban noma ukwethembeka kuhulumeni osekelwa yi-US, kodwa ngenxa yobumpofu, ukuphelelwa yithemba kanye nokuzikhusela . Kulokhu, babanjwa besenkingeni efanayo ebabazekayo njengezigidi zabanye abantu ngaphesheya kwe-Middle East enkulu lapho i-United States iguqule amakhaya nemiphakathi yabantu yaba “yizinkundla zempi” zaseMelika.
E-Afghanistan, Amasosha wemisebenzi ekhethekile aqeqeshiwe e-US "Ukuzingela nokubulala" ukuhlaselwa ebusuku nemisebenzi ehlaselayo in I-Taliban-bona insimu, ixhaswe yi incithakaloemoyeni wase-USamandla abulala kakhulu izinombolo ezingabaliwe yama-anti-fighters kanye nezakhamuzi. I-US yehlile a Post-2001 irekhodi Amabhomu angama-7,423 nemicibisholo e-Afghanistan e 2019.
Kepha njengentatheli ye-BBC uNanamou Kuchaza uSteffensen (lalela lapha, kusuka ku-11: 40 kuya ku-16: 50), kunjalo uhlome kancane simo nefayela Afghan amasosha namaphoyisa ezindaweni zokuhlola nase ukuphuma okuncane okuvikela yonkana izwe, hhayi amabutho akhethekile ase-US asekelwa ngemikhosi ekhethekile, ngubani bahlupheke okuthusa kakhulu izinga le- izisulu. UMongameli Ghani embule ngoJanuwari 2019 ukuthi amasosha ase-Afghan angaphezu kuka-45,000 abulawa kusukela athatha izintambo ngoSepthemba 2014, futhi ngawo wonke ama-akhawunti 2019 kwaba ngisho obulalayo.
USteffensen uzulazule e-Afghanistan ekhuluma namasosha namaphoyisa ase-Afghanistan ezindaweni zokuhlola nasezindaweni zokuphuma ezincane lokho umugqa wangaphambili osengozini yempi yaseMelika ngokumelene namaTaliban. Amabutho USteffensen ukhulume naye wamtshela ukuthi babhalise kuphela ebuthweni noma emaphoyiseni ngoba abakwazanga ukuthola omunye umsebenzi, nokuthi bathola ukuqeqeshwa kwenyanga eyodwa ngokusetshenziswa kwe-AK-47 ne-RPG ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa emigqeni yangaphambili. Iningi augqoke kuphela ama-t-shirts kanye nama-slipper noma i-afghan yendabuko yase-Afghanng, yize imbalwa izingcezu zemidlalo nezicucu ze izembatho zomzimba. Baphila ngokwesaba okuhlala njalo, “balindele ukwanda noma yinini.” Iphoyisa elilodwa litshele uSteffensen, "abanendaba nathi. Kungakho iningi lethu lifa. Kithi ukuthi silwe noma sibulawe, yikho konke lokho. ”
Engxoxweni yokumangala ngokumangazayo, e-Afghanistan induna yamaphoyisa kuzwelonke, Jikelele Khoshal Sadat, ukuqinisekisile ukubukwa kwamasosha ngenani eliphansi elibekwe ezimpilweni zawo khohlakele Uhulumeni osekelwa yi-US. General USadat uthweswe iziqu emakolishi ezempi e-UK nase-US owayekade enkantolo Ngaphansi kukaMongameli Karzai ngonyaka ka-2014 ngokubopha abantu ngokungemthetho kanye nokukhaphela izwe lakhe e-US naseMelika uMongameli uGhani wamkhuthaza ukuhola amaphoyisa kazwelonke ngo-2019. USteffensen ubuze uSadat mayelana nomphumela wokulimala okuphezulu ekuziphatheni nasekuqasheni. "Uma ubheka ukuqashwa," kusho uSadat, "ngihlala ngicabanga ngemindeni yase-Afghanistan nokuthi banezingane ezingaki. Okuhle ukuthi akusoze kwashoda abesilisa abaseminyakeni yokulwa abazokwazi ukujoyina umbutho. ”
Engxoxweni yokugcina emibikweni kaSteffensen, iphoyisa endaweni yokuhlola ye imotos appUkubhonga edolobhaneni laseWardak kusuka esifundeni esiseTaliban kuthandabuza kakhulu inhloso yempi. Wamtshela ukuthi, “Thina amaSulumane sonke singabafowethu. Asinankinga nomunye. ” "Manje kungani nilwa?" ebuza yena. Wanqikaza, wahleka ngokwethuka wanikina ikhanda ngendlela eshiya phansi. “Uyazi ukuthi kungani. Ngiyazi ukuthi kungani. Akunjalo ngempela yethu silwe, ”kusho yena.
Ngakho why thina konke ukulwa?
Tizimo zengqondo zamasosha ase-Afghan USteffensen waxoxisana naye kwabiwa ngabantu abalwayo kokubili sides of Izimpi zaseMelika. Ngaphesheya kwe- "arc of ukungazinzi" ukuthi manje ilula ezinhlanu amamayela ayinkulungwane kusuka e-Afghanistan kuya eMali nangale, izimpi “zombuso” wase-US kanye nezimpi “zokulwa” ziguqule izigidi zabantuAmakhaya nemiphakathi zingene “ezinkundleni zempi” zaseMelika. Njengokuqashwa kwabantu base-Afghanistan uSteffensen akhulume nabo, abantu abanxanele ukujoyinaed amaqembu ahlomile konke izinhlangothi, kodwa ngezizathu ezingahambisani nemibono, inkolo noma izisusa ezimbi ezenziwa ngabezepolitiki baseNtshonalanga kanye nama-pundits.
UNobhala Wezwe wase-US uColeoleezzIlayisi iyeke unyaka nonyaka woMnyango Wezwe rkuqhubeke gglobal tiphutha ngo-2005, ngemuva kokuba iveze ukuthi eyokuqala ezintathu iminyaka yempi yaseMelika eyabhalwa phansi ngempi ethi “War on Terror” ngokuqagela kuholele ekuqhumeni kobuphekula emhlabeni wonke nokumelana nezikhali, lo ngokuqondile okuphambene nenhloso yayo ebekiwes. Impendulo kaRice kwizambulo zombiko kwakufanele zama cindezela ukuqwashisa komphakathi kwe umphumela osobala kakhulu wokungabi namthetho kwe-US kanye nokwenza izimpi zibekeke engozini.
Fifiminyaka yentsha lamanzi, i-US kanye nezitha zayo ezandayo zihlala ziboshwe kumjikelezo wobudlova nezinxushunxushu zodwah Yenzas yokubarbarism ngo one side kuphela uphethiloli new ukunwetshwa nokwanda kodlame by enye side, engenasiphelo emehlweni. Rabacwaningi ubuke ukuthi isiphithiphithi udlame nezinxushunxushu ezimpini zaseMelika tukuhleleka eyayingathathi hlangothi izakhamizi emazweni ngamazwe ziba ngamasosha ahlomile. Njalo ngaphesheya eziningi ezahlukene impi Indawo,y ngithole ukuthi isizathu esikhulu abantu abajoyina amaqembu ahlomile ukuzivikela, ukuvikela imindeni yawo noma umphakathi wawo, nokuthi fama-ighters ngakho-ke zungeza iqembu elinamandla kakhulus ukuthola ukuvikelwa kakhulu, ngokubheka okuncane ngombono.
Ngo-2015, i-Centre for Citizilians in Conflict (CIVIC), interviewed 250 izimpi kusuka eBosnia, I-Palestine (Gaza), ILibya neSomalia, futhi yashicilela imiphumela ku umbiko okubizwa ngokuthi Imibono Yabantu: Izakhamizi Ezingxabaneni Zempi. Abaphenyi bathola ukuthi, "Isisusa esivame kakhulu sokubamba iqhaza, esichazwa yilabo abasiphenywa kuzo zonke izifundo ezine, ukuvikela bona noma umndeni."
Ngo-2017, Uhlelo Lokuthuthukisa i-UN (UNDP) yenza inhlolovo efanayo yabantu abangama-500 abajoyina i-Al-I-Qaeda, iBoko Haram, Al-Shabaab kanye namanye amaqembu ahlomile e-Afrika. The Umbiko we-UNDP yayinesihloko Uhambo Oluya Ku-Extremism e-Afrika: Abashayeli, ama-Incentives kanye ne-Tipping-Point for Recruitment. Ukuthola kwayo kuqinisekisile lezo ezinye izifundo, and the ukulwaIzimpendulo zika “thiphupho” olunembile lokuqashwa zazikhanyisa kakhulu.
"Abangu-71% abatelekile," kusho lo mbiko, "bakhomba 'isenzo sikahulumeni', kufaka phakathi 'ukubulawa kwelungu lomndeni noma lomngani' noma 'ukuboshwa kwelungu lomndeni noma lomngani', njengoba lesi sigameko sibenze bajoyina." The UNDP waphetha ngokuthi, "Ukuziphatha kwabasebenza ngokuphepha kwezwe kudalulwa njengento eshesha kakhulu yokuqasha abantu, esikhundleni sokubuyisela emuva."
Uhulumeni wase-US lonakaliswe kakhulu yizintshisekelo zamasosha nezimboni ezinamandla kangangokuba akunasifiso sokufunda kulezi zifundo, njengoba kungenjalo nangokwazo eside isipiliyoni se akukho emthethweni futhi inhlekelele ukwenza impi. Ukumemezela njalo ukuthi "zonke izinketho zisetafuleni," kufaka phakathi ukusetshenziswa kwamandla empi, kungukwephula umthetho I-UN Charter, ovimbela ukusongelwa kanye nokusebenzisa amandla ngokumelene nezinye izizwe ngokunembile ngoba izinsongo ezinjalo ezingacacile, ezivulekile eziholela kangaka zibangela impi.
Kepha kokucacilee umphakathi waseMelika ukuqondas ngamanga nokuqothuka kokuziphatha, okusemthethweni nangokwezepolitiki kokucaciswa kwe izwe lethu inhlekelele Izimpi, yilapho ngokusobala sikwazi khona Inselele the kungenangqondo izimangalo ze ukufudumala osopolitiki izinqubomgomo zabo nikeza umhlaba kuphela Okuningi ukufa, ukubhujiswa nezinxushunxushu. Ukuqhuma kukaTrump, ukubulala Umgomo we-Iran yisibonelo sakamuva nje, futhi, yize kube nemiphumela emibi, impi yase-US isalokhu ngokudabukisayo, ngaphandle kokuhlonishwa okumbalwa.
Nini i-US Imas ukubulala abantu nokuqhumisa amakhaya abo, futhi Umhlaba isiqalos ukusiza abantu ukuthi bazixhase futhi bazivikele futhi imindeni yabo ngaphandle kokujoyina amabutho axhaswe yi-US noma amaqembu ahlomile alwa nawo, ke futhi kuphela lapho kuyokwenzeka izingxabano ezihlaselayo impi yezempi yaseMelika ezilandele emhlabeni wonke qala ukuncipha.
I-Afghanistan akuyona impi ende kunazo zonke e-United States. Lo mehluko odabukisayo ungowe- Izimpi zaseMelika zaseMelika, okwaqala kusukela ekusungulweni kwezwe kuze kube lapho amabutho okugcina e-Apache athunjwa ngo-1924. Kepha impi yase-US e-Afghanistan yinde kakhulu ochungechungeni lwe-anachronistic kanye nolwazelelelo olungenakuqhathaniswa lwezimpi i-US eyilwe kusukela ngo-1945.
Njengoba umshayeli wetekisi wase-Afghan eVancouver angitshela ngo-2009, “Sahlula umbuso wasePheresiya ngekhulu le-18. Sahlula abaseBrithani ngekhulu le-19. Sahlula iSoviet Union ngekhulu lama-20. Manje, neNATO, silwa namazwe angama-28, kodwa nathi sizohlula. ” Angikaze ngimngabaze umzuzu. Kepha kungani abaholi baseMelika, ekukhohliseni kwabo umbuso nokuthanda kakhulu ubuchwepheshe bezikhali ezisebenzisa isabelomali, bake balalele umshayeli wetekisi wase-Afghanistan?
