nguMedea Benjamin noNicolas JS Davies, CODEPINK for Ukuthula, Agasti 30, 2021
Abantu baseMelika bashaqekile ngama-video ezinkulungwane zabantu base-Afghan bebeka izimpilo zabo engozini bebalekela ukubuya kweTaliban emandleni ezweni labo - kwase kuba khona ibhomu le-Islamic State eliziqhumisa ngebhomu nokuzibulala. ukubulala ngamabutho ase-US lokho ndawonye wabulawa okungenani abantu abangu-170, kuhlanganise namasosha angu-13 ase-US.
Noma kunjalo Izinhlangano ze-UN baxwayise ngenhlekelele ezayo yabantu e-Afghanistan, uMgcinimafa wase-US iqandisiwe cishe wonke ama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-9.4 zamaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-XNUMX, encisha uhulumeni omusha imali azoyidinga kakhulu ezinyangeni ezizayo ukuze ondle abantu bawo futhi ahlinzeke ngezidingongqangi.
Ngaphansi kwengcindezi evela kubaphathi be-Biden, i-International Monetary Fund banquma hhayi ukukhipha imali eyizigidi ezingama- $ 450 yezimali obekumele zithunyelwe e-Afghanistan ukusiza izwe libhekane nobhubhane lwe-coronavirus.
I-US kanye namanye amazwe aseNtshonalanga nawo amise usizo lokusiza e-Afghanistan. Ngemuva kokuphatha ingqungquthela ye-G7 e-Afghanistan ngo-Agasti 24, uNdunankulu wase-UK u-Boris Johnson washo lokho usizo lokugodla futhi ukuqashelwa kwabanika “ithonya elikhulu kakhulu – kwezomnotho, kwezombangazwe nakwezombangazwe” phezu kwamaTaliban.
Osopolitiki baseNtshonalanga balala ngale ndlela ngokwamalungelo abantu, kepha bazama ngokusobala ukuthi abalingani babo base-Afghan bagcina amandla athile kuhulumeni omusha, nokuthi ithonya laseNtshonalanga kanye nezintshisakalo e-Afghanistan akupheli ngokubuya kweTaliban. Lesi silinganiso sisetshenziswa ngamadola, amaphawundi, nama-euro, kodwa azokhokhelwa ezimpilweni zase-Afghan.
Ukufunda noma ukulalela abahlaziyi baseNtshonalanga, umuntu angacabanga ukuthi impi yeminyaka engama-20 ye-United States kanye nabalingani bayo bekuwumzamo omuhle futhi onenzuzo wokwenza izwe libe lesimanjemanje, ukukhulula abesifazane base-Afghan nokuhlinzeka ngokunakekelwa kwezempilo, imfundo nemisebenzi emihle, nokuthi lokhu konke manje kushanelwe ukuthobela amaTaliban.
Iqiniso lihluke kakhulu, futhi akunzima kangako ukuliqonda. I-United States yachitha $ 2.26 isigidintathu ngempi yayo e-Afghanistan. Ukusebenzisa lolo hlobo lwemali kunoma yiliphi izwe bekufanele ngabe kukhiphe iningi labantu ebuphofini. Kepha inqwaba yalezo zimali, cishe ama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-1.5, yangena emalini esetshenziswa ezempi ukuze kugcinwe amasosha aseMelika, yehla. phezu 80,000 amabhomu nemicibisholo kuma-Afghan, ukukhokha osonkontileka abazimele, namasosha ezokuthutha, izikhali nemishini yezempi emuva naphambili emhlabeni wonke iminyaka engu-20.
Kusukela i-United States yalwa le mpi ngemali ebolekiwe, isiphinde yadla ingxenye yesigidi sezigidi zamarandi ekukhokheleni inzalo iyodwa, ezoqhubeka kude nekusasa. Izindleko zezokwelapha nezokukhubazeka zamasosha aseMelika alimele e-Afghanistan sezivele ziba ngaphezu kwezigidigidi ezingama-175 zamaRandi, futhi zizolokhu zikhuphuka njengoba amasosha ekhula. Izindleko zezokwelapha nezokukhubazeka ezimpini zase-US e-Iraq nase-Afghanistan zingagcina ziphezulu ngamadola ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane.
Manje kuthiwani “ngokwakha kabusha i-Afghanistan”? ICongress yabiwe $ 144 billion ukuze kwakhiwe kabusha e-Afghanistan kusukela ngo-2001, kodwa amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-88 alokho asetshenziselwe ukuqasha, ukuhlomisa, ukuqeqesha kanye nokukhokhela "amabutho ezokuphepha" ase-Afghan asehlakazekile, namasosha abuyela ezindaweni zawo noma ukujoyina iTaliban. Enye imali eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-15.5 esetshenziswe phakathi kuka-2008 no-2017 yabhalwa ngokuthi "imfucuza, ukukhwabanisa nokuhlukumeza" yi-US Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction.
Imvuthuluka esele, engaphansi kuka-2% wesamba semali esetshenziswe e-US e-Afghanistan, ilinganiselwa ezigidini eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-40 zamaRandi, obekufanele ngabe inikeze abantu base-Afghan inzuzo ethile ekuthuthukisweni komnotho, ezempilo, ezemfundo, nengqalasizinda kanye nosizo lwabantu.
Kodwa, njengase-Iraq, uhulumeni owafakwa yi-US e-Afghanistan wayaziwa ngenkohlakalo, futhi inkohlakalo yawo yagcina igxile kakhulu futhi yaba nesistimu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. I-Transparency International (TI) yenza njalo zibalwa I-Afghanistan ethathwe yi-US njengomunye wamazwe anenkohlakalo kakhulu emhlabeni.
Abafundi baseNtshonalanga bangase bacabange ukuthi le nkohlakalo iyinkinga ehlala isikhathi eside e-Afghanistan, ngokuphambene nesici esithile somsebenzi wase-US, kodwa akunjalo. Amanothi e-TI ukuthi, “kuyaqashelwa kabanzi ukuthi izinga lenkohlakalo esikhathini sangemuva kuka-2001 linyukile kunamazinga adlule.” A Umbiko we-2009 yi-Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development ixwayise ngokuthi “inkohlakalo inyuke yafinyelela ezingeni elingakaze libonwe ezikhundleni zokuphatha ezidlule.”
Lokho kuphatha kuzobandakanya uhulumeni weTaliban owasuswa amabutho ahlaselayo e-US emandleni ngo-2001, kanye neSoviet-allied socialist. ohulumeni ezaketulwa izanduleli ezazitshalwe yi-US ze-Al Qaeda kanye neTaliban ngeminyaka yawo-1980, zacekela phansi inqubekelaphambili enkulu ababeyenzile kwezemfundo, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo kanye namalungelo abantu besifazane.
A 2010 umbiko ngowayeyisikhulu seReagan Pentagon u-Anthony H. Cordesman, enesihloko esithi “Indlela iMelika Eyonakalisa Ngayo I-Afghanistan”, wajezisa uhulumeni wase-US ngokujikijela imali kulelo zwe ngaphandle kokuziphendulela.
The New York Times kubika ngo-2013 ukuthi njalo ngenyanga iminyaka eyishumi, i-CIA ibilokhu ilahla amapotimende, ojosaka kanye nezikhwama zokuthenga zepulasitiki ezigcwele amadola aseMelika ukuze umongameli wase-Afghan agwazele izinduna zempi nosopolitiki.
Inkohlakalo iphinde yabukela phansi zona kanye izindawo osopolitiki baseNtshonalanga abazithatha njengempumelelo yomsebenzi, njengemfundo nokunakekelwa kwezempilo. Uhlelo lwezemfundo lube njalo kukhishwe nezikole, othisha, nabafundi abakhona ephepheni kuphela. Amakhemisi ase-Afghan kugcinwe ngemithi mbumbulu, ephelelwe yisikhathi noma yekhwalithi ephansi, eminingi eshushumbiswayo ivela ezweni elingumakhelwane lasePakistan. Ezingeni lomuntu siqu, inkohlakalo yayigqugquzelwa abasebenzi bakahulumeni njengothisha abaholayo ingxenye eyodwa kweshumi kuphela amaholo ama-Afghan axhumeke kangcono asebenzela ama-NGO angaphandle kanye nosonkontileka.
Ukuqeda inkohlakalo nokwenza ngcono izimpilo zabantu base-Afghan bekulokhu kungokwesibili enjongweni eyinhloko yase-US yokulwa neTaliban nokugcina noma ukwelula ukulawula kukahulumeni wawo onodoli. Njengoba i-TI ibike, “I-US ikhokhele ngamabomu amaqembu ahlomile ahlukene kanye nezisebenzi zikahulumeni zase-Afghan ukuze ziqinisekise ukubambisana kanye/noma ulwazi, futhi ibambisane nababusi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bakhohlakele kangakanani… Inkohlakalo ibukele phansi umsebenzi we-US e-Afghanistan ngokubhebhethekisa izikhalo kuhulumeni wase-Afghan kanye nokusakazwa kwemali. ukwesekwa ngezinto ezibonakalayo ekuvukeleni umbuso.”
The udlame olungapheli kokuhlala kwe-US kanye nenkohlakalo kahulumeni osekelwa yi-US kwandisa ukwesekwa okudumile kwamaTaliban, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zasemakhaya lapho amakota amathathu ama-Afghan ahlala. Ubumpofu obungalawuleki be-Afghanistan ehlaselwe nakho kube nomthelela ekunqobeni kweTaliban, njengoba abantu bebebuza ngokwemvelo ukuthi ukusebenza kwabo emazweni acebile njenge-United States namadlelandawonye ayo aseNtshonalanga kungabashiya kanjani ebuphofini obungaka.
Ngaphambi kwenhlekelele yamanje, the inani lama-Afghan ukubika ukuthi babezabalaza ukuphila ngeholo labo njengamanje likhuphuke lisuka ku-60% ngo-2008 laya ku-90% ngo-2018. A 2018 I-Gallup poll ithole amazinga aphansi kakhulu "enhlalakahle" ezibike yona iGallup eyake yawaqopha noma kuphi emhlabeni. Abantu base-Afghan abagcinanga ngokubika amazinga osizi kuphela kodwa nokungabi nathemba okungakaze kubonwe ngekusasa labo.
Naphezu kokuzuzwa okuthile emfundweni yamantombazane, ingxenye yesithathu kuphela Amantombazane ase-Afghan wafunda esikoleni samabanga aphansi ngo-2019 futhi kuphela Ama-37% amantombazane ase-Afghan asakhula babefundile. Esinye sezizathu zokuthi zimbalwa izingane eziya esikoleni e-Afghanistan ukuthi zingaphezu kwalokho izingane eziyizigidi ezimbili abaneminyaka ephakathi kwengu-6 nengu-14 kufanele basebenze ukuze bondle imikhaya yabo ekhungethwe ubumpofu.
Kodwa esikhundleni sokuhlawulela indima yethu ekugcineni iningi labantu base-Afghan ligcwele ubumpofu, abaholi baseNtshonalanga manje sebenqamula usizo lwezomnotho nolwesintu olwaludingeka kakhulu. amakota amathathu yomkhakha womphakathi wase-Afghanistan futhi yenze ama-40% e-GDP yayo iyonke.
Empeleni, i-United States kanye nabalingani bayo basabela ekulahlekelweni yimpi ngokusongela amaTaliban kanye nabantu base-Afghanistan ngempi yesibili, yezomnotho. Uma uhulumeni omusha wase-Afghan enganikezeli "ekuphakameni" kwabo futhi ahlangabezane nezidingo zabo, abaholi bethu bazolamba abantu babo bese besola iTaliban ngendlala eqhubekayo kanye nenkinga yobuntu, njengoba nje befaka amademoni futhi basole ezinye izisulu zempi yezomnotho yase-US. , ukusuka eCuba ukuya e-Iran.
Ngemuva kokuthela izigidigidi zamaRandi empini engapheli e-Afghanistan, umsebenzi omkhulu waseMelika manje ukusiza ama-Afghan ayizigidi ezingama-40 angazange abaleke ezweni lawo, njengoba ezama ukululama emanxebeni amabi kanye nokuhlukumezeka kwempi iMelika ewadalele yona, futhi. njenge isomiso esikhulu okucekele phansi u-40% wezitshalo zabo kulo nyaka kanye nokukhubaza igagasi lesithathu ye-covid-19.
I-US kufanele ikhulule ama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-9.4 ezimalini zase-Afghan ezigcinwe emabhange aseMelika. Kufanele ishintshe $ 6 billion yabelwe amabutho ase-Afghan asebengasekho ekusizeni abantu, esikhundleni sokuyiphambukisela kwezinye izinhlobo zokumosha imali kwezempi. Kufanele ikhuthaze abalingani baseYurophu kanye I-IMF hhayi ukugodla izimali. Esikhundleni salokho, kufanele baxhase ngokugcwele isicelo se-UN 2021 $ 1.3 billion osizweni oluphuthumayo, okwathi ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti lwalungaphansi kwama-40% axhaswe ngemali.
Kudala, i-United States yasiza abalingani bayo baseBrithani neSoviet ukuthi banqobe iJalimane neJapan, yase ibasiza ekwakhiweni kabusha njengamazwe anempilo, anokuthula naphumelelayo. Kuwo wonke amaphutha amakhulu eMelika - ukucwasa ngokwebala, ubugebengu obubhekiswe esintwini e-Hiroshima naseNagasaki kanye nobudlelwano bayo be-neocolonial namazwe ampofu - iMelika yabamba isithembiso sempumelelo abantu emazweni amaningi emhlabeni jikelele ababekulungele ukusilandela.
Uma yonke i-United States kufanele inikeze amanye amazwe namuhla impi, inkohlakalo kanye nobumpofu eyaletha e-Afghanistan, khona-ke umhlaba uhlakaniphile ukuthi uqhubeke futhi ubheke amamodeli amasha okufanele uwalandele: ukuhlolwa okusha kuntando yeningi ethandwayo nezenhlalakahle; ukugcizelela kabusha ubukhosi bezwe kanye nomthetho wamazwe ngamazwe; ezinye izindlela esikhundleni sokusebenzisa amandla ezempi ukuxazulula izinkinga zamazwe ngamazwe; kanye nezindlela ezilinganayo zokuhlela amazwe ngamazwe ukubhekana nezinkinga zomhlaba wonke njengobhubhane lwe-Covid kanye nenhlekelele yesimo sezulu.
Izwe laseMelika lingaqhuzuka emzamweni walo ongenazithelo wokulawula umhlaba ngokusebenzisa impi nokuphoqa, noma lingasebenzisa leli thuba ukucabanga kabusha ngendawo yalo emhlabeni. Abantu baseMelika kufanele balungele ukuvula ikhasi ngendima yethu eshabalalayo njenge-hegemon yomhlaba wonke futhi babone ukuthi singenza kanjani umnikelo ophusile, wokubambisana ekusasa esingeke siphinde sikwazi ukulibusa, kodwa okumele sisize ukulakha.
UMedea uBenjamin uhlanganisa CODEPINK for Ukuthula, nombhali wezincwadi eziningana, kufaka phakathi Ngaphakathi kwe-Iran: Umlando Weqiniso Nezombangazwe YeRiphabhulikhi Yase-Islamic yase-Iran.
UNicolas JS Davies yintatheli ezimele, umcwaningi we-CODEPINK kanye nomlobi we Igazi Ngezandla Zethu: Ukuhlasela KweMelika nokubhujiswa kwe-Iraq.
