NguDavid Swanson
Ukufunda incwadi entsha ka-Nick Turse, Inkundla Yempi Yakusasa: Izimpi Zommeleli wase-US kanye ne-Secret Ops e-Afrika, kuphakamisa umbuzo wokuthi ngabe izimpilo zabantu abamnyama e-Afrika zinendaba yini namasosha ase-US njengoba nje impilo yabantu abamnyama e-United States ibalulekile emaphoyiseni asanda kuqeqeshwa futhi ahlonywa yilelo butho.
U-Turse uhlola indaba encane engakakhulunywa yokwanda kwamasosha ase-US e-Afrika kule minyaka eyi-14 edlule, futhi ikakhulukazi kule minyaka engu-6 edlule. Amasosha ase-US ayizinkulungwane ezinhlanu kuya kweziyisishiyagalombili kanye namasosha aqeqesha, ahlomisa, futhi alwe eduze namasosha ase-Afrika namaqembu amavukelambuso cishe kuzo zonke izizwe zase-Afrika. Imizila emikhulu yezwe nezamanzi yokuletha izikhali zase-US, kanye nazo zonke izisekelo ezihlala amasosha ase-US, sezisunguliwe ukuze kugwenywe izinsolo zendawo ezidalwe ngokwakha nokuthuthukisa izikhumulo zezindiza. Kodwa nokho, amasosha ase-US aqhubekile nokuthola izivumelwano zasendaweni zokusebenzisa izikhumulo zezindiza zamazwe ngamazwe ezingama-29 futhi aqale ukwakha nokuthuthukisa imigwaqo yezindiza eziningi zazo.
I-US militarization of Africa ihlanganisa ukuhlasela kwezindiza kanye nokuhlasela kwama-commando e-Libya; amamishini “ama-black ops” kanye nokubulawa kwe-drone eSomalia; impi yommeleli eMali; izenzo eziyimfihlo e-Chad; imisebenzi yokulwa nokudlondlobala okuholela ekwandeni kobugebengu eGulf of Guinea; ukusebenza okubanzi kwe-drone ngaphandle kwezisekelo e-Djibouti, Ethiopia, Niger, naseSeychelles; imisebenzi “ekhethekile” ngaphandle kwezikhungo zaseCentral African Republic, eSouth Sudan, naseDemocratic Republic of Congo; I-CIA igcwele amandla eSomalia; ukuqeqeshwa okuhlangene okungaphezu kweshumi nambili ngonyaka; ukuhlomisa nokuqeqesha amasosha ezindaweni ezifana ne-Uganda, iBurundi, neKenya; "imisebenzi ekhethekile ehlanganyelwe" eBurkina Faso; ukwakhiwa kwesisekelo okuhloswe ngaso ukuhlalisa "ukukhuphuka" kwamasosha esikhathini esizayo; ibutho lezinhloli ze-mercenary; ukunwetshwa kwesizinda sebutho lezempi langaphandle laseFrance e-Djibouti kanye nokwenza impi ngokuhlanganyela neFrance e-Mali (I-Turse kumele ikhunjuzwe ngalokho okunye okuyimpumelelo kwe-US ekuthatheni ubukoloni baseFrance okwaziwa ngokuthi yimpi yaseVietnam).
I-AFRICOM (Africa Command) empeleni izinze eJalimane ngezinhlelo zokuzinze esikhungweni esisha esikhulukazi sase-US esakhiwe eVicenza, e-Italy, ngokumelene nentando yeVicentini. Izingxenye ezibalulekile zesakhiwo se-AFRICOM ziseSigonella, eSicily; eRota, eSpain; i-Aruba; naseSouda Bay, eGreece - zonke izikhungo zamasosha ase-US.
Izenzo zakamuva zamasosha ase-US e-Afrika ukungenelela okuthulile okungasethubeni elihle lokuholela ezinxushunxushwini ezanele ezingasetshenziswa njengezizathu “zokungenelela” komphakathi okuzayo ngendlela yezimpi ezinkulu ezizomakethwa ngaphandle kokukhuluma ngembangela yazo. Amandla amabi azayo okungenzeka ngelinye ilanga asongela amakhaya ase-US ngezinsongo ezingacacile kodwa ezesabekayo zamaSulumane nezobudemoni emibikweni “yezindaba” zase-US kuxoxwa ngayo encwadini ka-Turse manje futhi ziyavela manje ngenxa yokusabela kwezempi okungavamile ukuxoxwa ngakho emithonjeni yezindaba yase-US.
I-AFRICOM ithuthuka ngokuyimfihlo ngangokunokwenzeka, izama ukugcina ukuzenzisa ukuzibusa “ngozakwethu” bohulumeni basekhaya kanye nokugwema ukubhekwa umhlaba wonke. Ngakho-ke, alimenywanga ngokufunwa ngumphakathi. Ayigibeli ukuze kuvinjwe ukwesabeka okuthile. Akuzange kube nenkulumompikiswano yomphakathi noma isinqumo somphakathi wase-US. Kungani-ke i-United States ihambisa impi yase-US e-Afrika?
Umkhuzi we-AFRICOM uGeneral Carter Ham uchaza umbutho wezempi wase-US e-Afrika njengempendulo ezinkingeni engase ikwazi ukuzidala esikhathini esizayo: “Impoqo ngokuphelele yezempi yase-United States ukuvikela izithakazelo zaseMelika, zaseMelika, kanye nezaseMelika [ngokusobala okuthile ngaphandle kwalokhu. amaMelika]; odabeni lwethu, kimina, ukusivikela ezinsongweni ezingase zivele ezwenikazi lase-Afrika.” Icelwa ukuthi ikhombe usongo olunjalo ebukhoneni bamanje, i-AFRICOM ayikwazi ukwenza lokho, ilwela esikhundleni sokushaya sengathi amavukelambuso ase-Afrika ayingxenye ye-al Qaeda ngoba u-Osama bin Laden wake wabancoma. Phakathi nokusebenza kwe-AFRICOM, udlame belukhula, amaqembu abashokobezi anda, ubuphekula buyanda, nezifunda ezihlulekile ziphindaphindeka - hhayi ngengozi.
Ireferensi "yezithakazelo zaseMelika" ingaba yinkomba yezisusa zangempela. Igama elithi “inzuzo” kungenzeka lishiywe ngephutha. Kunoma yikuphi, izinhloso ezishiwo azisebenzi kahle kakhulu.
Impi yaseLibya yango-2011 yaholela empini eMali kanye neziyaluyalu eLibya. Futhi kancane ukusebenza komphakathi kuye kwaba nenhlekelele. Impi esekelwa yi-US eMali yaholela ekuhlaselweni e-Algeria, eNiger naseLibya. Ukusabela kwe-US odlameni olukhulu eLibya kusenodlame olwengeziwe. Ihhovisi lenxusa laseMelika eTunisia lahlaselwa lashiswa. Amasosha aseCongo aqeqeshwe yi-United States adlwengule ngobuningi abesifazane namantombazane, okuhambisana nesihluku esenziwa ngamasosha ase-Ethiopia aqeqeshwe yi-US. ENigeria, sekuqubuke iBoko Haram. ICentral African Republic ibe nokuketulwa umbuso. Isifunda saseGreat Lakes sibone udlame lukhula. ISouth Sudan, eyasizwa yi-United States ukuyidala, isingene ezimpini zombango kanye nenhlekelele yokusiza abantu. Kanjalo. Lokhu akukusha ngokuphelele. Izindima zase-US ekubangeleni izimpi ezinde eCongo, eSudan nakwezinye izindawo zandulela “i-pivot” yase-Afrika yamanje. Izizwe zase-Afrika, njengezizwe emhlabeni wonke, bathambekele ekukholelweni i-United States iwusongo olukhulu lokuthula emhlabeni.
U-Turse ubika ukuthi umkhulumeli we-AFRICOM u-Benjamin Benson wayevame ukuthi iGulf of Guinea yiyona kuphela indaba okwakucatshangwa ukuthi iyimpumelelo, kwaze kwaba yilapho kuba nzima kangangokuthi waqala ukusho ukuthi akakaze akwenze lokho. U-Turse uphinde abike ukuthi inhlekelele yase-Benghazi, ngokuphambene nalokho okungase kusikiselwe, yaba yisisekelo sokunwetshwa kwezempi yase-US e-Afrika. Uma okuthile kungasebenzi, zama okuningi kwakho! Kusho uGreg Wilderman, umphathi weMilitary Construction Programme yeNaval Facilities Engineering Command, “Sizoba se-Afrika isikhashana esizayo. Kuningi okumele kwenziwe lapho.”
Othile usanda kungitshela ukuthi iChina ibisabise ngokuthi izonciphisa inzuzo kasozigidi wase-US uSheldon Adelson emakhasino aseChina uma eqhubeka nokuxhasa amalungu eCongress aphikelele ekulweni ne-Iran. Isizathu esisolwayo salokhu ukuthi iChina ingathenga kangcono uwoyela e-Iran uma i-Iran ingekho empini. Kuyiqiniso noma cha, lokhu kuhambisana nencazelo ka-Turse yendlela iShayina ebheka ngayo i-Afrika. I-US ithembele kakhulu ekwenzeni impi. I-China ithembele kakhulu osizweni nasekuxhaseni ngemali. I-US idala isizwe esizowa (iSouth Sudan) bese iChina ithenga uwoyela wayo. Lokhu kuphakamisa umbuzo othokozisayo: Kungani i-United States ingawushiyi umhlaba ngokuthula futhi, njengeChina, izenze yamukelekile ngosizo nosizo, futhi, njengeChina, ithenge izinto zokubasa ezimbiwa phansi ezocekela phansi ukuphila ngazo. emhlabeni ngezinye izindlela ngaphandle kwezimpi?
Omunye umbuzo ocindezelayo owaphakanyiswa uhulumeni ka-Obama elwela impi e-Afrika, vele, uthi: Ungacabanga ukuthi ukuhlukana kwezindlebe kwaphakade kwebhayibheli izilinganiso zokucasuka lapho iRiphabhulikhi emhlophe yenza lokhu?
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