NguColonel (Owathatha Umhlalaphansi) u-Ann Wright, i-Peace Voice
Emlindelweni wangomhla zingama-20 kuLwezi, 2016 ngaphandle kwamasango aseFort Leavenworth, eKansas, izikhulumi zagcizelela isidingo sengcindezi emasontweni ayisithupha alandelayo kuMongameli Obama, ngaphambi kokuba ashiye isikhundla sakhe January 19, 2017 ukugunyaza ukuhawukelwa komphihlisi Wezempi Yase-US Ikilasi Lokuqala Lokuqala u-Chelsea Manning. Abameli bakaManning bafake isicelo se-Petition for Clemency ngoNovemba 10, 2016.
U-Chelsea Manning usejele iminyaka eyisithupha nengxenye, emithathu evalelwe ngaphambi kokuqulwa kwecala kanti emithathu selokhu agwetshwa ngo-2013 yinkantolo yezempi yokweba nokusabalalisa amakhasi angu-750,000 emibhalo namavidiyo ku-Wikileaks kulokho okuchazwe njengokukhulu kunawo wonke. ukuvuza kwezinto ezihlukanisiwe emlandweni wase-US. UManning utholwe enamacala angu-20 kwangu-22 ayebekwe wona, okuhlanganisa nokwephula i-US Espionage Act.
UManning ugwetshwe iminyaka engamashumi amathathu nanhlanu ejele.
Izikhulumi emlindelweni owawuphambi kweFort Leavenworth zazihlanganisa uChase Strangio, ummeli kanye nomngane kaChelsea; Christine Gibbs, umsunguli we-Transgender Institute eKansas City; UDkt. Yolanda Huet-Vaughn, owayengudokotela Wezempi Yase-US owenqaba ukuya eGulf War I futhi owavela enkantolo yezempi futhi wagwetshwa izinyanga ezingu-30 ejele, okwathi wachitha izinyanga ezingu-8 eLeavenworth; UBrian Terrell owachitha izinyanga eziyisithupha ejele likahulumeni ngokuphonsela inselelo uhlelo lwe-US olubulalayo lwe-drone e-Whiteman Air Force Base;
Isishoshovu sokuthula saseKansas City kanye nommeli we-Peaceworks uHenry Stoever; kanye no-Ann Wright, uColonel Wezempi wase-US osethathe umhlalaphansi (iminyaka engu-29 e-Army and Army Reserve) kanye nowayeyinxusa laseMelika owasula ngo-2003 ephikisana nempi kaBush yase-Iraq.
Umlindelo ubizwe ngemuva kokuzama ukuzibulala kwesibili kwe-Chelsea ngaphakathi ejele lezempi laseLeavenworth. Phakathi neminyaka eyisithupha nengxenye eboshiwe, uManning wachitha cishe unyaka evalelwe yedwa. Uphenyo lweZizwe Ezihlangene ngokuhlukaniswa kwakhe esikhungweni saseQuantico Marine, olubandakanya ukuphoqwa ukuthi akhumule nqunu njalo ebusuku, luchaze isimo sakhe “njengesinonya, esingenabuntu futhi esilulazayo.”
Ngo-2015, uManning waphinde wesatshiswa ngokuvalelwa yedwa futhi ngemuva kokuthi ebekwe icala lokwephula umthetho okuhlanganisa nokugcina ishubhu lomuthi ophelelwe yisikhathi esitokisini sakhe kanye nokuba nekhophi Vanity Fair. Bangaphezu kuka-100,000 abantu abasayine incwadi yezikhalazo mayelana nalawo macala. UManning watholakala enecala kodwa akazange abekwe yedwa; esikhundleni salokho, wabhekana namasonto amathathu okungena imingcele ejimini, emtatsheni wezincwadi, nangaphandle.
Amanye amacala amabili abandakanya "impahla engavunyelwe" kanye "nokuziphatha okusongelayo." UManning ugunyazwe ukuthi abe nempahla okukhulunywa ngayo, kusho ummeli wakhe uStrangio, kodwa kusolakala ukuthi wayisebenzisa ngendlela enqatshelwe ngesikhathi ezama ukuzibulala. Akukacaci noma ezinye iziboshwa e-Fort Leavenworth zizobhekana namacala afanayo okuphatha ngemuva kokuzama ukuzibulala, noma ukuthi "isimo samacala, kanye nolaka okungenzeka zijatshulwe ngalo, kuyingqayizivele kuye," kusho uStrangio.
NgoJulayi 28, i-Army kumemezela ibicubungula ukufaka amacala amathathu okuphatha mayelana nomzamo wokuzibulala, phakathi kwawo nezinsolo zokuthi uManning wamelana “nethimba lamasosha” ngesikhathi noma ngemuva kokuzama ukuzibulala, ngokusho kombiko. ishidi lokukhokhiswa elisemthethweni. Kodwa abameli bakaManning bathi ikhasimende labo belingeke likwazi ukumelana nalo ngoba laliqulekile ngesikhathi izikhulu limthola esitokisini sakhe esikhungweni esivalelwe eFort Leavenworth eKansas. Abameli bakhe kanye noMbutho Wezempi abazange badalule ukuthi wazama kanjani ukuzibulala.
Ngemuva kokuboshwa kwakhe ngo-2010, u-Bradley Manning watholakala enesifo ubulili besifo sobulili, isimo sokucindezeleka okukhulu okuba khona lapho ubulili bomuntu bungahambisani nobulili bakhe bemvelo. Ngo-2015, wamangalela i-Army ukuthi ivunyelwe ukuqala ukwelashwa ngama-hormone. Kodwa-ke ngokusho kwabameli bakhe, uMbutho Wezempi awuzange uthathe ezinye izinyathelo zokumphatha njengesiboshwa sesifazane. "Ukhombe ukuthi ukuwohloka kwakhe okuqhubekayo kwesimo sakhe sempilo yengqondo kubangelwa ikakhulukazi ukwenqaba ukuphatha i-dysphoria yobulili bakhe njengesidingo esiqhubekayo," kubika ummeli wakhe u-Chase Strangio.
Ummeli kaManning ufake isicelo sokuxolisa https://www.chelseamanning.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Chelsea-Manning-Commutation-Application.pdf
ngoNovemba 10, 2016. Isicelo sakhe samakhasi amathathu sicela ukuthi uMongameli Obama agunyaze ububele bokunikeza i-Chelsea ithuba lokuqala lokuphila “impilo yangempela, enenjongo.” Isicelo sithi u-Chelsea akakaze enze izaba zokudalula izinto ezihlukanisiwe kwabezindaba nokuthi wamukela umthwalo wemfanelo ekuqulweni kwecala ngokuvuma icala ngaphandle kwenzuzo yesivumelwano sokuncenga abameli bakhe abathi kwakuyisenzo esingavamile sesibindi ecaleni elifana nelakhe.
Uhlu lwezikhalazo luphawula ukuthi ijaji lezempi lalingenayo indlela yokwazi ukuthi yini ehlanganisa isijeziso esinobulungiswa nesizwakalayo njengoba kwakungekho mlando waleli cala. Ukwengeza, isicelo sithi ijaji lezempi “alizange liwazise umongo uNksz. Manning enza la macala. UNksz Manning ungumuntu oshintshe ubulili. Ngesikhathi engena ebuthweni lezempi, njengomuntu osemusha, wayezama ukuqonda imizwa yakhe nendawo yakhe emhlabeni,” nokuthi iningi lamasosha ayekanye noNkz. "Yize isiko lezempi selithuthukile kusukela lapho, lezi zenzakalo zibe nomthelela omubi kuye ngokwengqondo nangokomzwelo okuholele ekutheni adalule."
Uhlu lwezikhalazo luthi selokhu aboshwa u-Chelsea uke wabhekana nezimo ezihlukumezayo ngesikhathi eboshiwe ezempi, okuhlanganisa nokugqunywa ejele isikhathi esingangonyaka elinde ukuqulwa kwecala, futhi selokhu alahlwa yicala, uvalelwe yedwa ngecala lokuzama ukuzibulala. IZizwe Ezihlangene sezithathele phezulu impi yokulwa nokusetshenziswa kokuvalelwa uwedwa. Njengoba owayengumabhalane okhethekile we-UN mayelana nokuhlukunyezwa, uJuan Mendez, achaza, “[ukuvalelwa uwedwa] kwakuwumkhuba owawuvinjelwe ngekhulu le-19 ngenxa yokuthi wawunonya, kodwa wabuya emashumini ambalwa eminyaka adlule.”
Isicelo sezikhalazo sokuthi “Lokhu Okuphatha kufanele acabangele izimo zejele likaNksz. Abaholi bethu bezempi bavame ukuthi umsebenzi wabo obaluleke kakhulu ukunakekela amalungu abo ezempi, kodwa akekho osesosha oke wanakekela ngempela uNkz. Manning…Nksz. Isicelo sikaManning sinengqondo – ucela nje ukunikwa isigwebo sesikhathi - umphumela waso usazomkhipha eshadini ngecala lalolu hlobo. Uzosala nayo yonke eminye imiphumela yokugwetshwa kwakhe, okuhlanganisa nokuphuma ejele, ukwehliswa kwezinga kanye nokulahlekelwa imihlomulo kamakadebona.”
Uhlu lwezikhalazo luyaqhubeka, “Uhulumeni uchithe izinsiza ezinkulu ekushushisweni kukaNksz. kanye nokwelashwa kwe-dysphoria yobulili. Uchithe iminyaka engaphezu kweyisithupha eboshiwe ngecala obekungathi kunoma iluphi olunye uhlelo lokwahlulela oluphucukile ebelingaholela ekutheni okungenani abhadle ejele iminyaka embalwa.”
Kufakwe kuhlu lwezikhalazo isitatimende esinamakhasi ayisikhombisa esivela e-Chelsea esiya ebhodini esichaza ukuthi kungani edalule imininingwane ehlukanisiwe kanye ne-dysphoria yobulili bakhe. U-Chelsea wabhala: “Eminyakeni emithathu edlule ngacela ushwele ohlobene nokugwetshwa kwami icala lokudalula ulwazi oluyimfihlo nolunye kwabezindaba ngenxa yokukhathazeka ngezwe lami, izakhamuzi ezingenacala okwalahleka ukuphila kwazo ngenxa yempi, nangokusekela ezimbili. amagugu izwe lethu eliwathatha njengelibalulekile- obala kanye nokuziphendulela komphakathi. Njengoba ngicabanga ngesikhalazo sangaphambilini nginovalo lokuthi isicelo sami asiqondwanga kahle.
Njengoba ngachazela ijaji lezempi elalingamele icala lami, nanjengoba ngenzile
ngiphindaphinde ezitatimendeni eziningi zomphakathi selokhu kwenzeka lawa macala, ngithatha isibopho esiphelele nesiphelele ngesinqumo sami sokudalula lezi zinto emphakathini. Angikaze ngibeke izaba ngengikwenzile. Ngavuma icala ngaphandle kokuvikelwa kwesivumelwano secala ngoba ngangikholelwa ukuthi uhlelo lwezobulungiswa bezempi lwaluzosiqonda isizathu sami sokudalula futhi lingigwebe ngendlela efanele. Ngenze iphutha.
Ijaji lezempi langigweba iminyaka engamashumi amathathu nanhlanu- okungaphezu kwalokho engangingacabanga ukuthi ngingakwenza, njengoba sasingekho isibonelo esingokomlando sesigwebo eseqile kanjalo ngaphansi kwamaqiniso afanayo. Abasekeli bami kanye nabameli bami bangigqugquzele ukuthi ngilethe incwadi yesicelo sokuzwela ngoba bekholelwa ukuthi ukugwetshwa ngokwako okuhambisana nesigwebo esingakaze sibonwe kwakungacabangeki, kuyacasula futhi kuphambene nengikwenzile. Ngethukile, ngacela uxolo.
Ngihlezi lapha namuhla ngiyaqonda ukuthi kungani isicelo singasukunyelwanga. Kwakushesha kakhulu, futhi ukukhululeka okuceliwe kwaba kukhulu kakhulu. Bekufanele ngilinde. Ngangidinga isikhathi sokwamukela ukuqiniseka, nokuzindla ngezenzo zami. Ngangidinga nesikhathi sokukhula nokuvuthwa njengomuntu.
Ngiboshwe iminyaka engaphezu kweyisithupha - isikhathi eside kunanoma yimuphi umuntu osolwa ngaye
amacala afanayo ake abe nawo. Ngichithe amahora amaningi ngivakashela lezo zenzakalo, ngenza sengathi angizange ngizidalule lezo zincwadi ngakho-ke ngikhululekile. Lokhu ngokwengxenye kungenxa yokuphathwa kabi engiye ngabhekana nakho ngesikhathi ngiboshiwe.
Ibutho Lezempi langigcina ngivalelwe ngedwa cishe unyaka ngaphambi kokuba ngibekwe amacala asemthethweni. Kwakuyisenzakalo esilulazayo nesilulazayo - esashintsha ingqondo yami, umzimba kanye nomoya wami. Kusukela lapho ngivalelwe ngedwa njengesinyathelo sokuqondiswa kwezigwegwe lapho ngizama ukuzibulala naphezu komzamo okhulayo- oholwa uMongameli wase-United States- wokumisa ukusetshenziswa kokuvalelwa ngedwa nganoma iyiphi injongo.
Lezi zigigaba zingiphulile futhi zangenza ngazizwa ngingaphansi komuntu.
Sekuyiminyaka ngilwela ukuthi ngiphathwe ngenhlonipho nangesithunzi; impi engiyesabayo ilahlekile. Angiqondi ukuthi kungani. Lokhu kuphatha kuguqule amasosha ngokuguqulwa kwento ethi “Ungabuzi Ungatsheli” kanye nokufakwa kwabesilisa nabesifazane abashintsha ubulili embuthweni wezempi. Ngiyazibuza ukuthi ngabe bengiyini ukube le migomo ibisetshenziswa ngaphambi kokuthi ngijoyine iButho. Ngabe ngijoyinile? Ngabe ngisazosebenza emsebenzini osebenzayo? Angikwazi ukusho ngokuqinisekile.
Kodwa engikwaziyo ukuthi ngingumuntu ohluke kakhulu kunalowo enganginguye ngo-2010. Angiyena uBradley Manning. Angikaze ngibe njalo. Ngingu-Chelsea Manning, owesifazane oziqhenyayo oshintsha ubulili futhi, ngalolu hlelo lokusebenza, ocela ngenhlonipho ithuba lokuqala ekuphileni. Ngifisa sengathi ngabe nginamandla futhi ngivuthwe ngokwanele ukuze ngikubone lokhu ngaleso sikhathi.”
Kufakwe nezincwadi ezivela kuColonel Morris Davis, owayenguMshushisi Omkhulu WamaKhomishana Amasosha eGuantanamo kusukela ngo-2005 kuya ku-2007 futhi wesula esikhundleni sokusebenzisa ubufakazi abuthola ngokuhlukumeza. Ubuye waba yinhloko ye-US Air Force Clemency Board kanye nohlelo lweParole.
Encwadini yakhe enamakhasi amabili uColonel Morris wabhala, “I-PFC Manning isayine izivumelwano zokuphepha ezifanayo nengazenza futhi kunemiphumela yokwephula lezo zivumelwano, kodwa imiphumela kufanele ibe enobulungiswa, elungile futhi ilingane nomonakalo. Ukugxila okuyinhloko kobulungiswa bezempi ukugcinwa kokuhleleka okuhle nokuziphatha, futhi ingxenye eyinhloko yalokho ukuvinjelwa. Angazi ukuthi alikho isosha, itilosi, indiza yezindiza noma i-Marine ebheka iminyaka eyisithupha nangaphezulu i-PFC Manning evalelwe futhi ecabanga ukuthi angathanda ukuhwebelana ngezindawo. Leso yisikhathi ikakhulukazi senkathi i-PFC Manning aboshwe ngayo e-Quantico ngaphansi kwemibandela i-UN Special Rapporteur on Torture ebizwa ngokuthi “inonya, engenabuntu futhi eyehlisa isithunzi” futhi okwaholela ekusuleni esikhundleni kwalowo owayekhulumela uMnyango WezoMbuso ngaleso sikhathi u-PJ Crowley (uColonel, Ibutho Lezempi laseMelika, osethathe umhlalaphansi) ngemva kokuba ebize impatho ka-PFC Manning ngokuthi “iwubuwula futhi ayizuzisi futhi iyisiwula. Ukwehliswa kwesigwebo sika-PFC Manning sibe iminyaka eyi-10 ngeke kubangele noma yiliphi ilungu lenkonzo ukuthi licabange ukuthi inhlawulo ilula kangangokuthi kungase kudingeke ukuba umuntu azibeke engozini ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo.”
Ukwengeza, kunombono osenesikhathi eside ukhona embuthweni wezempi wokwelashwa okuhlukene. Inkulumo engayizwa kaningi kusukela ngesikhathi ngijoyina i-Air Force ngo-1983 kwaze kwaba yilapho ngithatha umhlalaphansi ngo-2008 "yayingama-spans ahlukene emazingeni ahlukene." Ngiyazi ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukuqhathanisa amacala ngendlela efanele, kodwa ngokufanelekile noma ngokungalungile kunombono wokuthi izikhulu zezempi eziphezulu nezikhulu zikahulumeni eziphezulu ezidalula ulwazi zithola amadili othando kuyilapho abasebenzi abancane begxekwa. Kuke kwaba namacala asezingeni eliphezulu selokhu kwagwetshwa i-PFC Manning esiza ukuqhubekisela phambili lowo mbono. Ukwehliswa kwesigwebo sika-PFC Manning sibe iminyaka engu-10 ngeke kuwusule umbono, kodwa kuzosondeza inkundla kancane.”
Umkhulumeli wePentagon Papers uDaniel Ellsberg naye wabhala incwadi efakwe ephaketheni lezikhalazo. U-Ellsberg wabhala ukuthi kwakuyinkolelo yakhe eqinile ukuthi i-PFC Manning "yadalula izinto eziyimfihlo ngenhloso yokwazisa abantu baseMelika ngokuphulwa okukhulu kwamalungelo abantu okuhlanganisa nokubulawa kwabantu abangenacala ngamasosha ase-United States e-Iraq. Ubenethemba lokuthi uzoqala inkhulumomphendvulwano emphakathini wethu wentando yeningi mayelana nokuqhubeka kwempi ayekholelwa ukuthi yayingalungile futhi inomthelela ezenzweni ezingqubuzana nomthetho…Nks. UManning usesebenze iminyaka eyisithupha. Lesi isikhathi eside ukwedlula noma yimuphi omunye umsholozi emlandweni wase-United States.”
Incwadi evela ku-Glenn Greenwald, owayengummeli womthethosisekelo waseNew York kanye nentatheli kwa- I-Intercept, oseke wakhuluma kabanzi ngezindaba zokubikelwa, inkululeko yabezindaba, ukubeka izinto obala, ukugadwa kanye ne-National Security Agency (NSA) nayo yafakwa ku-Petition for Clemency. UGreenwald wabhala:
“Okumangalisayo ukuthi ubunzima be-Chelsea eminyakeni embalwa edlule buqinise isimilo sakhe. Noma nini lapho ngikhuluma naye ngempilo yakhe yasejele, akakhulumi lutho ngaphandle kozwelo nokuqonda ngisho nakubagcini bakhe bejele. Akanawo amagqubu nezikhalo ezijwayelekile ngisho kulabo abaphila impilo ebusisekile, ingasaphathwa eyalabo ababhekene nokuswela okukhulu. Kunzima ukukholelwa kulabo abangamazi u-Chelsea- futhi nakulabo bethu abamaziyo kodwa njengoba eseboshiwe isikhathi eside, yilapho eba nozwelo futhi ebakhathalela kakhulu abanye.
Isibindi se-Chelsea siyabonakala. Impilo yakhe yonke- kusukela ekungeneni kwezempi ngenxa yokuzizwa ebophekile futhi eqinile; ekwenzeni lokho ayekuthatha njengesenzo sesibindi naphezu kwezingozi; ukuphuma njengomuntu wesifazane odlulile noma esejele lezempi- kuwubufakazi besibindi sakhe. Akulona ihaba ukusho ukuthi i-Chelsea iyiqhawe, futhi ikhuthaze, zonke izinhlobo zabantu emhlabeni jikelele. Nomaphi lapho ngiya khona emhlabeni ukuze ngikhulume ngezindaba zokubeka izinto obala, ubushoshovu kanye nokuphikisa, izethameli ezigcwele abasha nabadala zishaya ihlombe eliqinile lapho kukhulunywa nje ngegama lakhe. Uyisikhuthazo esithile emiphakathini ye-LGBT emazweni amaningi, kuhlanganise nalawo lapho ukuba gay, futhi ikakhulukazi trans, kuseyingozi kakhulu. "
UMongameli Obama uzobe eshiya isikhundla emavikini ayisithupha. Sidinga amasignesha angu-100,000 ukuze sithole isikhalazo sabantu phambi kukaMongameli Obama sokuthi agunyaze isicelo se-Chelsea SokuClemency. Sinabasayiniwe abangu-34,500 namuhla. Sidinga 65,500 ngaphezulu by December 14 ukuze isicelo siye e-White House. Sicela wengeze igama lakho! https://petitions.whitehouse.gov/petition/commute-chelsea-mannings-sentence-time-served-1
Impendulo eyodwa
UPetrus kanye nengane yakhe. Kusho uNuff.